Tvisebrivi meTodebi socialur kvlevaSi - Center for Social Sciences
Tvisebrivi meTodebi socialur kvlevaSi - Center for Social Sciences Tvisebrivi meTodebi socialur kvlevaSi - Center for Social Sciences
warmatebuli fokusirebuli dakvirveba moiTxovs gasaubrebas Sesaswavli kulturis warmomadgenlebTan, raTa SevZloT ama Tu im movlenebis axsna TviT am kulturis warmomadgenelTa TvaliT. aseTi interviuebis Sedegad miRebuli komentarebis gareSe zogi moqmedeba SeiZleba Cveni yuradRebis miRma darCes, an uazro da SemTxveviTi gveCvenos, maSin rodesac am kulturis wamomadgenlebis TvalSi mas garkveuli mniSvneloba aqvs. amasTan, ar unda daviviwyoT, rom Tumca damkvirvebelma SeiZleba CaTvalos, rom adamianebi racionalurad moqmedeben, es yovelTvis ase ar xdeba. SerCeviTi dakvirveba (selective observation) dakvirvebis bolo etapia da moiTxovs damkvirveblis yuradRebis sferos kidev ufro dazustebas da SezRudvas, fokusirebuli dakvirvebis etapze gamoyofili Seswavlis erTeulebis ama Tu im damaxasiaTebeli niSnebis Seswavlas. magaliTad, Tu restoranSi oficiantebis saqcielis Seswavla aRweriTi dakvirvebis sagania, maT mier klientebisagan damatebiTi gasamrjelos miRebis xerxebi (magidis SerCeva klientisaTvis; daxmareba menius SerCevaSi, da sxv.) SeiZleba gaxdes fokusirebuli dakvirvebis sagani, xolo am xerxebis SedarebiTi efeqturobis dadgena — SerCveviTi dakvirvebis sagani. anu mklevaris interesi garkveulwilad viwrovdeba, sanam is aRweriTi dakvirvebidan SerCeviTamde miva. SerCeviTi dakvirveba aucileblad moiTxovs interviuebis Catarebas Sesaswavli kulturis warmomadgenlebTan maTi Sexedulebebis da komentarebis miRebis mizniT, raTa daskvnebis gamotanisas ar iqnes ugulebelyofili mniSvnelovani niuansebi, romlebis gagebac mxolod am xerxiTaa SesaZlebeli. dakvirvebis samive etapi, rogorc wesi, erTi gamokvlevis farglebSi ganxorcielebuli Tanamimdevruli etapebia, Tumca SesaZloa, rom kvleva mxolod aRweriTi dakvirvebiT Semoifarglos. yvelaze xSirad es im SemTxvevaSi xdeba, Tu sakiTxis sawyis SeswavlasTan gvaqvs saqme, rodesac mkvlevari jer ar aris darwmunebuli, Tu ra iqneba misi kvlevis sagani da problema, an Tu dakvirveba gamoiyeneba rogorc damxmare meTodi kompleqsuri kvlevis farglebSi. Tu aRweriTi dakvirvebis etapze mkvlevari SeiZleba sakuTari miznebis gamJRavnebis gareSe muSaobdes, fokusirebuli dakvirvebis etapze is Zalauneburad amJRavnebs Tavs rogorc mkvlevari; xolo SerCeviTi dakvirvebis etapze is ukve am situaciis monawile xdeba. dakvirvebis SerCeviTi etapis yvelaze mniSvnelovan damaxasiaTebel niSnad iTvleba mkvlevris mier kontrastruli Sedarebebis da kontrastuli SekiTxvebis gamoyeneba, vinaidan am etapze misi mizania kulturul situaciaSi arsebuli gansxvavebebis gamomJRavneba. nebismieri Tvisebrivi meTodis gamoyenebisas, gansakuTrebiT ki dakvirvebis SemTxvevaSi, Cven ar unda gagvikvirdes, Tu muSaobis procesSi gamoCndeba axali Temebi, romlebic SeiZleba Zalze mniSvnelovani iyos Cveni gamokvlevisTvis, da mzad unda viyoT, CavrToT es Temebi Cveni muSaobis procesSi, zog SemTxvevaSi — SevcvaloT kvlevis fokusi. CarTuli dakvirveba warmoudgenelia mkvlevaris mier damatebiTi kvleviTi teqnikebis, kerZod, intervius sxvadasxva saxeobis gamoynebis gareSe. CarTuli dakvirvebis procesSi SeiZleba gamovyoT intervius ori ZiriTadi saxeoba: formalizebuli da araformalizebuli. araformalizebulia yvela is interviu, romelic tardeba moumzadeblad, CarTuli dakvirvebis dros aqtorebTan urTierTobis damyarebis an ganmtkicebis procesSi, an aqtorebisagan damatebiTi informaciis mopovebis mizniT, rodesac damkvirvebeli grZnobs, rom misTvis araa srulad gasagebi im movlenebis mniSvneloba, romlebsac is akvirdeba. aseTi interviuebi araa struqturirebuli da, rogorc wesi, araa winaswar SeTanxmebuli da dagegmili — isini Cveulebriv gasaubrebas ufro hgavs da maTi Cawera diqtofonze yovelTvis ar xdeba, Tumca mis msvlelobaSi damkvirvebelma SesaZloa (da sasurvelicaa) gaakeTos Canawerebi. magram, miuxedavad maTi “moumzadeblobisa”, araformalizebuli interviuebi informaciis Zalze mniSvnelovani wyaroa. formalizebuli interviu mkvlevarsa da aqtors Soris winaswari molaparakebis da SeTanxmebis Sedegia; aseTi interviuebi tardeba winaswar daTqmul drosa da adgilas da xdeba maTi Cawera audiokasetaze. es interviu Zalze waagavs siRrmiseul intervius da tardeba winaswar SemuSavebuli gegmis (sadiskusio 52
gegmis) mixedviT. rogorc wesi, CarTuli dakvirvebis procesSi saWiroa erTi Temisadmi miZRvnili mTeli rigi formaluri interviuebis Catareba. interviuebis gamoyenebasTan erTad, CarTuli dakvirvebis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi damaxasiaTebeli niSania mkvlevrebis mWidro TanamSromloba informantebTan. informanti, anu Sesaswavli jgufis warmomadgeneli, exmareba mkvlevars ama Tu im jgufis warmomadgenlebis cxovrebis wesis SeswavlaSi da jgufSi arsebuli wesebisa da normebis gagebaSi; swored is uadvilebs mkvlevars jgufSi SeRwevas, acnobs xalxs. informantebis gareSe Cven gagviWirdeba SeviswavloT movlenebi, romelTa mowmeebic vxdebiT. informantis roli gacilebiT ufro mniSvnelovani xdeba maSin, rodesac mkvlevari misTvis ucxo kulturaSi muSaobs, romlis warmomadgenelTa enac man ar icis. am SemTxvevaSi informanti, rogorc wesi, Tarjimnis funqciebsac kisrulobs xolme, da misi gavlena miRebul Sedegebze erTiorad izrdeba. informantebis SerCeva ioli ar aris, vinaidan kargi informanti mTel rig moTxovnebs unda akmayofilebdes. pirvel rigSi, is unda iyos Sesaswavli kulturis warmomadgeneli, romelic kargad icnobs sakuTar kulturas. sasurvelia, es iyos komunikabeluri pirovneba, vinc dainteresdeba gamokvleviT da mTeli gulisyuriT CaerTveba masSi; rac mTavaria, mas unda hqondes survili, rom daexmaros mkvlevars. garda amisa, mas dadebiTad unda uyurebdnen Sesaswavl jgufSi, ukeTesia, Tu is garkveuli avtoritetiTac sargeblobs. bevri mkvlevari Tvlis, rom karg informants Seswevs Zala, Cveni “maswavlebeli” gaxdes CvenTvis ucxo kulturis Seswavlis saqmeSi. amasTanave, rogorc aRvniSneT, informanti ar unda gaxdes erTaderTi pirovneba, vis azrsac gadamwyveti mniSvneloba unda mivaniWoT — Tu es moxdeba, maSin kvlevas seriozuli safrTxe daemuqreba. xolo im SemTxvevaSi, Tu informanti Tarjimnis rolsac TamaSobs, ufro izrdeba imis saSiSroeba, rom is “gafiltravs” aqtorebis naTqvams da mxolod im informacias gadaTargmnis, romelic mas miaCnia mniSvnelovnad, amitom, sasurvelia, rom mkvlevarma rac SeiZleba male moaxerxos im enis Seswavla, romelzec mas uwevs kvlevis Catareba. magram informanti araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar unda iyos socialur mecnierebaTa specialisti, adamiani, vinc Seecdeba mecnieruli terminebiT agvixsnas mimdinare movlenebi — Cven gvWirdeba Cveulebrivi adamiani, Sesaswavli jgufis rigiTi wevri, SesaZloa, sxvebze ufro xalisiani da gonebagaxsnili, magram araviTar SemTxvevaSi ara mecnieri; Cven gvesaWiroeba misi daxmareba, magram man Tavisive eniT unda agvixsnas yvelaferi, yoveldRiuri cxovrebis eniT, da ara samecniero kategoriebis gamoyenebiT. rac unda kargi iyos informanti, misi brmad ndoba ar SeiZleba — rogorc am kulturis warmomadgenels, mas SeiZleba gauCndes survili, met-naklebed Sealamazos faqtebi, an ar gamoitanos saaSkaraoze cxovrebis is elementebi, romlebic miaCnia samarcxvinod, an, yovel SemTxvevaSi arasatrabaxod. rogorc wesi, erTi gamokvlevis CatarebisTvis mkvlevars ramdenime informanti sWirdeba xolme, romelTa Sorisac arian ZiriTadi, mTavari (key informant) da “damatebiTi” informantebi. informantebis SerCeva, ra Tqma unda, ver iqneba da arc unda iyos reprezentatuli. Tumca garegnulad mkvlevari, romelic CarTul dakvirvebas awarmoebs, xSirad arafriT ar gansxvavdeba sxva aqtorebisgan, sinamdvileSi mas sruliad gansxvavebeli roli aqvs da, garkveulwilad, ormagi cxovrebiT cxovrobs — erTi mxriv, is Cveulebriv monawileobs aqtorebis yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi, magram amave dros is regularulad awarmoebs Canawerebs am cxovrebis Sesaxeb, raTa Seiswavlos misi wesebi; is cxovrobs, raTa Seiswavlos. amitom mniSvnelovania ganvasxvavoT ama Tu im socialuri situaciis Cveulebrivi monawilis da CarTuli damkvirveblis rolebi. aq SeiZleba gamovyoT 6 ZiriTadi gansxvaveba 58 : 1. damkvirvebels ormagi mizani aqvs: Cveulebrivi monawilisagan gansxvavebiT, is ara marto monawileobs socialur situaciaSi, aramed Segnebulad da 58 es klasifikacia moyvanilia Semdegi gamocemis mixedviT: James P. Spradley. 1980. Op. cit. Pp. 53-58. 53
- Page 1 and 2: socialur mecnierebaTa seria Tvisebr
- Page 3 and 4: s a r C e v i winaTqma 4 Tema 1. Tv
- Page 5 and 6: Tema 1. Tvisebrivi meTodebi socialu
- Page 7 and 8: vafiqsirebT maT mier gamoTqmul azre
- Page 9 and 10: mkvlevris “informantebis” rols
- Page 11 and 12: furclebze ver gamoinaxa adgili verc
- Page 13 and 14: nebismieri kvleva programis Sedgeni
- Page 15 and 16: anu generaluri erTobliobis yvela wa
- Page 17 and 18: videofirze. kerZod interviu warmoad
- Page 19 and 20: zedmeti an usargebloa am konkretuli
- Page 21 and 22: “cxovrebis istoriis” analogiura
- Page 23 and 24: axdens, agreTve interviuebis Sedega
- Page 25 and 26: magaliTi #1 axalgazrduli umuSevrobi
- Page 27 and 28: Tema 3. fokus-jgufi fokus-jgufi jgu
- Page 29 and 30: savsebiT SesaZlebelia fokus-jgufebi
- Page 31 and 32: jgufebis Catareba nakleb dros moiTx
- Page 33 and 34: magaliTad, ganasaxieron sxvadasxva
- Page 35 and 36: amdenadac fokus-jgufi axlosaa siRrm
- Page 37 and 38: magaliTi #2 Rvinis moxmarebis kultu
- Page 39 and 40: magaliTi #3 korufcia saqarTveloSi d
- Page 41 and 42: miviCnev, roca eqims sakuTari survi
- Page 43 and 44: “arian iseTi [studentebi], rom ma
- Page 45 and 46: qrTams iRebs] es aris uzneoba” (p
- Page 47 and 48: espondnetebi acnobiereben im garemo
- Page 49 and 50: qceva, da sxva. mklevris uSualo int
- Page 51: odesac mkvlevari Tavidanve acnobs a
- Page 55 and 56: ara nakleb mniSvnelovania, rom gamo
- Page 57 and 58: aris miRweuli konsensusi imasTan da
- Page 59 and 60: es Canaweri gakeTda espaurenovani r
- Page 61 and 62: Tema 5. monografiuli gamokvleva ise
- Page 63 and 64: saskolo eseebi: skolis damwyebi da
- Page 65 and 66: pretacia. amitom mkvlevars naratiul
- Page 67 and 68: saubrebi myidvelebTan. amasTan, dun
- Page 69 and 70: Cemi ideebi Camoyalibda imis safuZv
- Page 71 and 72: Tema 6. socialuri kvlevis eTika soc
- Page 73 and 74: da samarTlebrivi dokumentebi, amden
- Page 75 and 76: davalebebi: 1. ipoveT internetSi so
- Page 77 and 78: danarTi #1 korufcia saqarTveloSi 92
- Page 79 and 80: - qrTamis SemTxvevaSi iniciativa mo
- Page 81 and 82: kanons gareSea, vakuumia sakanonmde
- Page 83 and 84: gvaqvs saqme? - ara, universitetSi
- Page 85 and 86: Tqvens cxovrebaSi korufciasTan daka
- Page 87 and 88: - erT welSi ver iswavlis is. - ara,
- Page 89 and 90: - ki. - [anu] moewyobi, da pirvel s
- Page 91 and 92: - ki, marTalia, es aris — maSin a
- Page 93 and 94: Sen vina gkiTxavs, wadio — ar iZl
- Page 95 and 96: Caabarono. - maraa, kaco, me rom ga
- Page 97 and 98: - movaleobas ixdi, ver gaxsovdeba.
- Page 99 and 100: konkretulad ra SeiZleba gavakeToT C
- Page 101 and 102: srulad iziarebs dakvirvebis obieqtT
gegmis) mixedviT. rogorc wesi, CarTuli dakvirvebis procesSi saWiroa erTi<br />
Temisadmi miZRvnili mTeli rigi <strong>for</strong>maluri interviuebis Catareba.<br />
interviuebis gamoyenebasTan erTad, CarTuli dakvirvebis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi<br />
damaxasiaTebeli niSania mkvlevrebis mWidro TanamSromloba in<strong>for</strong>mantebTan.<br />
in<strong>for</strong>manti, anu Sesaswavli jgufis warmomadgeneli, exmareba mkvlevars ama<br />
Tu im jgufis warmomadgenlebis cxovrebis wesis SeswavlaSi da jgufSi arsebuli<br />
wesebisa da normebis gagebaSi; swored is uadvilebs mkvlevars jgufSi SeRwevas,<br />
acnobs xalxs. in<strong>for</strong>mantebis gareSe Cven gagviWirdeba SeviswavloT movlenebi,<br />
romelTa mowmeebic vxdebiT. in<strong>for</strong>mantis roli gacilebiT ufro mniSvnelovani<br />
xdeba maSin, rodesac mkvlevari misTvis ucxo kulturaSi muSaobs, romlis<br />
warmomadgenelTa enac man ar icis. am SemTxvevaSi in<strong>for</strong>manti, rogorc wesi,<br />
Tarjimnis funqciebsac kisrulobs xolme, da misi gavlena miRebul Sedegebze<br />
erTiorad izrdeba.<br />
in<strong>for</strong>mantebis SerCeva ioli ar aris, vinaidan kargi in<strong>for</strong>manti mTel rig<br />
moTxovnebs unda akmayofilebdes. pirvel rigSi, is unda iyos Sesaswavli kulturis<br />
warmomadgeneli, romelic kargad icnobs sakuTar kulturas. sasurvelia,<br />
es iyos komunikabeluri pirovneba, vinc dainteresdeba gamokvleviT da mTeli<br />
gulisyuriT CaerTveba masSi; rac mTavaria, mas unda hqondes survili, rom<br />
daexmaros mkvlevars. garda amisa, mas dadebiTad unda uyurebdnen Sesaswavl<br />
jgufSi, ukeTesia, Tu is garkveuli avtoritetiTac sargeblobs. bevri mkvlevari<br />
Tvlis, rom karg in<strong>for</strong>mants Seswevs Zala, Cveni “maswavlebeli” gaxdes CvenTvis<br />
ucxo kulturis Seswavlis saqmeSi. amasTanave, rogorc aRvniSneT, in<strong>for</strong>manti ar<br />
unda gaxdes erTaderTi pirovneba, vis azrsac gadamwyveti mniSvneloba unda<br />
mivaniWoT — Tu es moxdeba, maSin kvlevas seriozuli safrTxe daemuqreba. xolo<br />
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu in<strong>for</strong>manti Tarjimnis rolsac TamaSobs, ufro izrdeba imis<br />
saSiSroeba, rom is “gafiltravs” aqtorebis naTqvams da mxolod im in<strong>for</strong>macias<br />
gadaTargmnis, romelic mas miaCnia mniSvnelovnad, amitom, sasurvelia, rom<br />
mkvlevarma rac SeiZleba male moaxerxos im enis Seswavla, romelzec mas uwevs<br />
kvlevis Catareba.<br />
magram in<strong>for</strong>manti araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar unda iyos <strong>socialur</strong> mecnierebaTa<br />
specialisti, adamiani, vinc Seecdeba mecnieruli terminebiT agvixsnas<br />
mimdinare movlenebi — Cven gvWirdeba Cveulebrivi adamiani, Sesaswavli jgufis<br />
rigiTi wevri, SesaZloa, sxvebze ufro xalisiani da gonebagaxsnili, magram<br />
araviTar SemTxvevaSi ara mecnieri; Cven gvesaWiroeba misi daxmareba, magram man<br />
Tavisive eniT unda agvixsnas yvelaferi, yoveldRiuri cxovrebis eniT, da ara<br />
samecniero kategoriebis gamoyenebiT.<br />
rac unda kargi iyos in<strong>for</strong>manti, misi brmad ndoba ar SeiZleba — rogorc am<br />
kulturis warmomadgenels, mas SeiZleba gauCndes survili, met-naklebed<br />
Sealamazos faqtebi, an ar gamoitanos saaSkaraoze cxovrebis is elementebi,<br />
romlebic miaCnia samarcxvinod, an, yovel SemTxvevaSi arasatrabaxod.<br />
rogorc wesi, erTi gamokvlevis CatarebisTvis mkvlevars ramdenime in<strong>for</strong>manti<br />
sWirdeba xolme, romelTa Sorisac arian ZiriTadi, mTavari (key in<strong>for</strong>mant) da<br />
“damatebiTi” in<strong>for</strong>mantebi. in<strong>for</strong>mantebis SerCeva, ra Tqma unda, ver iqneba da<br />
arc unda iyos reprezentatuli.<br />
Tumca garegnulad mkvlevari, romelic CarTul dakvirvebas awarmoebs,<br />
xSirad arafriT ar gansxvavdeba sxva aqtorebisgan, sinamdvileSi mas sruliad<br />
gansxvavebeli roli aqvs da, garkveulwilad, ormagi cxovrebiT cxovrobs — erTi<br />
mxriv, is Cveulebriv monawileobs aqtorebis yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi, magram<br />
amave dros is regularulad awarmoebs Canawerebs am cxovrebis Sesaxeb, raTa<br />
Seiswavlos misi wesebi; is cxovrobs, raTa Seiswavlos. amitom mniSvnelovania<br />
ganvasxvavoT ama Tu im <strong>socialur</strong>i situaciis Cveulebrivi monawilis da CarTuli<br />
damkvirveblis rolebi. aq SeiZleba gamovyoT 6 ZiriTadi gansxvaveba 58 :<br />
1. damkvirvebels ormagi mizani aqvs: Cveulebrivi monawilisagan gansxvavebiT,<br />
is ara marto monawileobs <strong>socialur</strong> situaciaSi, aramed Segnebulad da<br />
58 es klasifikacia moyvanilia Semdegi gamocemis mixedviT: James P. Spradley. 1980. Op. cit. Pp.<br />
53-58.<br />
53
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