Tvisebrivi meTodebi socialur kvlevaSi - Center for Social Sciences
Tvisebrivi meTodebi socialur kvlevaSi - Center for Social Sciences
Tvisebrivi meTodebi socialur kvlevaSi - Center for Social Sciences
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odesac mkvlevari Tavidanve acnobs aqtorebs Tavis vinaobas da miznebs, da<br />
gaumJRavnebeli (ingl. covert), romlis drosac aqtorebisTvis ucnobia, rom saqme<br />
aqvT mkvlevarTan — isini mas aRiqvamen, rogorc <strong>socialur</strong>i situaciis rigiT<br />
monawiles. miuxedavad imisa, rom gaumJRavnebeli dakvrivebis warmoebas Tavisi<br />
upiratesobebi aqvs (upirveles yovlisa, aRar gvaqvs saqme reaqtiulobis<br />
problemasTan), is Zalze seriozul eTikur problemebTanaa dakavSirebuli,<br />
vinaidan misi warmoebis dros Segnebulad xdeba aqtorebis SecdomaSi Seyvana.<br />
amasTan, mkvlevari mudam “gamomJRavnebis” saSiSroebis winaSea — yovelTvis aris<br />
imis SesaZlebloba, rom romelime aqtori Seityobs mis namdvil vinaobas, an vinmes<br />
xelSi Cauvardeba mis mier kvlevasTan dakavSirebiT gakeTebuli Canawerebi.<br />
gaumJRavnebeli dakvirveba yvelaze xSirad gamoiyeneba maSin, rodesac SeuZlebelia<br />
ama Tu im jgufis Seswavla sxvagvarad, rodesac kvlevis erTaderT<br />
saSualebas gaumJRavnebeli CarTuli dakvirveba warmoadgens; arcTu iSviaTad,<br />
mkvlevari ase Seiswavlis daxurul jgufebs, maT Soris — kriminalur<br />
dajgufebebs. magram Tu mkvlevari kriminaluri dajgufebis wevri xdeba kvlevis<br />
Catarebis mizniT da ar miaCnia mizanSewonilad Tavisi namdvili vinaobis gam-<br />
JRavneba, maSin is iZulebulia, monawileoba miiRos am jgufis kanonsawinaaRmdego<br />
qmedebebSi; garda amisa, mas eqneba in<strong>for</strong>macia dagegmili qurdobis/Zarcvis/yaCa-<br />
Robis Sesaxeb. rogor unda moiqces is aseT SemTxvevebSi? am sakiTxis gadawyveta<br />
Zalian rTulia, imitom rom Tu is Seatyobinebs policias aseT in<strong>for</strong>macias, maSin<br />
iZulebuli gaxdeba Sewyvitos kvleva, xolo Tu Tavs Seikavebs am in<strong>for</strong>maciis<br />
gamxelisagan, maSin damnaSaveTa Tanamonawile xdeba.<br />
CarTuli dakvirvebis sami etapi gamoiyofa — aRweriTi, fokusirebuli da<br />
SerCeviTi dakvirveba. 56<br />
mkvlevari axorcielebs aRweriT dakvirvebas (descriptive observation) kvlevis<br />
sawyis etapze, rodesac mas jer ara aqvs gadawyvetili, <strong>socialur</strong>i realobis<br />
konkretulad romel aspeqtebze gaamaxvilebs yuradRebas. amitom am etapze is<br />
“yvelafers akvirdeba”, Tumca, ra Tqma unda, yvelafris dakvirveba sinamdvileSi<br />
SeuZlebelia. aRweriTi dakvirveba dakvirvebis pirveli, sacdeli etapia, romlis<br />
msvlelobaSic mkvlevari cdilobs, gaerkves arsebul <strong>socialur</strong> situaciaSi da<br />
Seiqmnas saerTo warmodgena imis Sesaxeb, Tu “ra xdeba aq”. aRweriTi dakvirvebis<br />
meSveobiT SesaZlebelia pasuxi gavceT mkvlevaris winaSe mdgar aRweriT<br />
kiTxvebze 57 , romlebic saerTo xasiaTis in<strong>for</strong>maciis miRebas isaxavs miznad.<br />
warmovidginoT, rom es esaa daviwyeT dakvirvebis Catareba sasamarTloSi da<br />
gvsurs SeviswavloT, Tu rogor xdeba garkveuli tipis saqmeebis warmoeba.<br />
dakvirvebis aRweriT etapze Cven SevZlebT mxolod Zalian saerTo doneze<br />
aRvweroT, Tu rogor iqceva sasamrTlo darbazSi xalxi; ra Temebs exeboda Cvens<br />
mier mosmenili saubrebi, ra tipis saqmeebis ganxilva mimdinareobs, romeli<br />
saqmeebi iwvevs yvelaze did interess da a.S.<br />
aRweriT dakvirvebas ar SeuZlia met-naklebad mniSvnelovani Sedegebi<br />
mogvces — misi erTaderTi mizania, dagvexmaros dakvirvebis fokusis dadgenaSi —<br />
xSirad es xdeba eqspertebTan da/an Sesaswavli kulturis warmomadgenlebTan<br />
konsultaciebis meSveobiT, romlebic eyrdnoba aRweriTi dakvirvebis dros<br />
Segrovil masalas.<br />
dakvirvebis fokusis SerCeva da misi Semdgomi dazusteba, anu saboloo jamSi<br />
im situaciis SerCeva, romelic Cveni Seswavlis “fokusSi” moeqceva, yovelTvis<br />
konkretuli gamokvlevis miznebidan da amocanebidan gamomdinareobs. fokusis<br />
SerCevaSi SeiZleba mniSvnelovani roli iTamaSos <strong>socialur</strong>i situaciis<br />
monawileebTan gasaubrebis Sedegad miRebulma in<strong>for</strong>maciam, maTma komentarebma.<br />
fokusirebuli dakvirveba (focused observation) dakvirvebis meore etapia,<br />
rodesac mkvlevars ukve gamokveTili aqvs Seswavlis konkretuli erTeulebi.<br />
dakvirvebis fokusireba Zalauneburad iwvevs <strong>socialur</strong>i situaciis im<br />
elementebis ignorirebas, romlebic ar warmoadgens Seswavlis uSualo interess.<br />
56 James P. Spradley. Op. cit. Pp. 33-34.<br />
57 jeims spradlis mohyavs aRweriTi kiTxvebis yvela SesaZlo tipis cxrili (ix. James<br />
Spradley. Op. cit. Pp. 82-83).<br />
51
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