Tvisebrivi meTodebi socialur kvlevaSi - Center for Social Sciences
Tvisebrivi meTodebi socialur kvlevaSi - Center for Social Sciences
Tvisebrivi meTodebi socialur kvlevaSi - Center for Social Sciences
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“ubralo” dakvirveba Seesabameba situacias, rodesac mkvlevari saerTod ar<br />
iRebs monawileobas <strong>socialur</strong> situaciaSi — magaliTad, is zis kafeSi da mxolod<br />
akvirdeba im movlenebs, romlebic iq viTardeba.<br />
amis sapirispirod, <strong>socialur</strong> situaciaSi sruli CarTva Seesabameba CarTul<br />
dakvirvebas (participant observation), romlis drosac mkvlevari ar rCeba gare<br />
damkvirveblad, aramed srul monawileobas iRebs im <strong>socialur</strong> situaciebSi,<br />
romlebsac Seiswavlis. es monawileoba gamoixateba aqtorebTan erTad maT<br />
yoveldRiur saqmianobasa Tu zeimebSi monawileobis miRebaSi; damatebiT,<br />
mkvlevari awarmoebs ara<strong>for</strong>malur gasaubrebebs aqtorebTan an srulfasovan<br />
interviuebs atarebs maTTan.<br />
CarTuli dakvirvebaa is meTodi, romelic xSirad gaigivebulia Tavad Tvisebriv<br />
meTodebTan da/an eTnografiasTan; xSirad literaturaSi terminebi<br />
“eTnografia”, “eTnografiuli kvleva” da “CarTuli dakvirveba” ixmareba rogorc<br />
sinonimebi. 53<br />
CarTuli dakvirvebis meTodisadmi miZRvnil klasikur saxelmZRvanelod<br />
iTvleba jeims spradlis “CarTuli dakvirveba”. 54 spradlis Tanaxmad, ucnob<br />
<strong>socialur</strong> situaciaSi moxvedrili nebismieri adamiani CarTuli damkvirvebeli<br />
xdeba, vinaidan misTvis ucxoa am situaciaSi moqmedi wesebi da normebi, da is<br />
iZulebuli xdeba, gamoikvlios da Seiswavlos isini xalxTan urTierTobis meSveobiT.<br />
<strong>socialur</strong>i mecnierebebis farglebSi CarTuli dakvirveba warmoadgens<br />
mcdelobas gavigoT, Tu ra mniSvnelobebs aniWeben sxvadasxva <strong>socialur</strong>i Tu<br />
kulturuli jgufis warmomadgenlebi TavianT cxovrebas, rogor aRiqvamen<br />
sxvadasxva movlenebs da ra mniSvnelobas aniWeben maT. amis Seswavlas sakmaod<br />
bevri dro sWirdeba. CarTuli dakvirvebis minimalur xangrZlivobad ramdenime<br />
Tve iTvleba; srulfasovani gamokvleva ki sul cota erTi wlis manZilze<br />
grZeldeba, vinaidan erTi SexedviT martiv <strong>socialur</strong> situaciebSic ki xSirad<br />
Rrma da rTuli kulturuli azria Caqsovili. imisaTvis, rom kargad SeviswavloT<br />
ucxo kulturis warmomadgenlebi, maTi kulturuli normebi da/an simboloebi,<br />
didi droa saWiro. maSinac ki, Tu gamokvlevis savele periods ramdenime<br />
weliwads davuTmobT, iZulebulebi viqnebiT, SevarCioT cxovrebis konkretuli<br />
aspeqtebi, romlebic dakvirvebis ZiriTad fokuss warmoadgenen da romlebsac<br />
dawvrilebiT SeviswavliT, danarCenebs ki mxolod zedapiruli yuradReba<br />
davuTmoT.<br />
ar arsebobs CarTuli dakvirvebis warmoebis sayovelTao wesebi, iseve rogorc<br />
ar arsebobs dakvirvebis saitis SerCevasTan dakavSirebuli rekomendaciebi.<br />
am gadawyvetilebebis miReba yovelTvis konkretuli situaciidan gamomdinare<br />
xdeba. xSirad mkvlevari iwyebs muSaobas garemoSi, sadac aravis ar icnobs; is<br />
ubralod midis kafeebSi, biblioTekebSi, eswreba ama Tu im Temis mier<br />
organizebul RonisZiebebs, dadis SerCeuli “saitis” quCebSi, da TandaTan icnobs<br />
xalxs, romlebic droTa ganmavlobaSi misi in<strong>for</strong>maciis wyaroebi gaxdebian.<br />
miuxedavad am meTodikis simartivisa, “quCaSi dgomis” strategia Zalian efeqturia.<br />
magram in<strong>for</strong>mantebis gacnobis Semdeg Tveebia saWiro imisaTvis, rom<br />
mkvlevarma daimkvidros adgili Sesaswavl jgufSi da moipovos xalxis ndoba.<br />
h.r.bernardi Tvlis, rom am meTodis Seswavlis saukeTeso xerxi misi praqtikuli<br />
gamoyenebaa. amasTan, misi azriT, SeuZlebelia am meTodis warmatebiT<br />
gamoyeneba, Tu mkvlevari Seecdeba SecdomaSi Seiyvanos is xalxi, visTanac is<br />
muSaobs, anu aqtorebi. “sakuTari Tavis wardgenis wesebi Zalze martivia, — ambobs<br />
bernardi. — ilaparakeT simarTle, iyaviT Tanamimdevruli da nu ilaparakebT<br />
zedmets. CarTul dakvirvebaSi, Tu mkvlevari Seecdeba warmoadginos Tavi sxva<br />
adamianad, vidre is sinamdvileSia, is ver miaRwevs warmatebas” 55 .<br />
CarTuli dakvirvebis ori tipi arsebobs — gamJRavnebuli, (ingl. overt),<br />
53<br />
qarTulad CarTuli dakvirveba zog SemTxvevaSi moixsenieba rogorc “monawile<br />
dakvirveba” rac Sesabamisi inglisuri terminis ufro zusti Targmania.<br />
54 James P. Spradley. 1980. Participant Observation. New York: Holt, Rhinehart and Winston.<br />
55 H. Russel Bernard. 1994. Research Methods in Anthropology. 2 nd Edition. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publishers.<br />
P. 144.<br />
50
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