Tvisebrivi meTodebi socialur kvlevaSi - Center for Social Sciences
Tvisebrivi meTodebi socialur kvlevaSi - Center for Social Sciences
Tvisebrivi meTodebi socialur kvlevaSi - Center for Social Sciences
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Tema 3.<br />
fokus-jgufi<br />
fokus-jgufi jgufuri intervius saxeobaa, romlis msvlelobac garkveul<br />
wesebs emorCileba da romelsac specifikuri miznebi axasiaTebs. aseve<br />
gansxvavebulia fokus-jgufis Catarebis procesSi gamoyenebuli meTodikebi,<br />
moTxovnebi respondentTa SerCevisadmi da mkvlevarsa da respondentebs Soris<br />
urTierTobis <strong>for</strong>mebi.<br />
zogierTi mkvlevari fokus-jgufs “jgufur siRrmiseul intervius” uwodebs,<br />
vinaidan, rogorc wina leqciaSi aRvniSneT, fokus-jgufsa da siRrmiseul<br />
intervius saerTo Tvisebebi axasiaTebs. magram am or meTods Soris aris seriozuli<br />
gansxvavebebic, romelTa Soris yvelaze mniSvnelovani isaa, rom fokusjgufis<br />
dros erTdroulad ramdenime respondents vesaubrebiT (yvelze ufro<br />
xSirad maTi raodenoba 8-dan 10-mde meryeobs), da Cveni mizania, xeli SevuwyoT<br />
maT Soris azrTa gacvlas (aqedan gamomdinareobs am meTodis kidev erTi<br />
dasaxeleba — “jgufuri diskusia”).<br />
siRrmiseul interviusTan SedarebiT, fokus-jgufs is upiratesoba aqvs, rom<br />
ramdenime adamianisagan Semdgar jgufSi yovelTvis aRmoCndeba xolme adamiani,<br />
romelic sxvebTan SedarebiT ufro gulaxdilia, da misi gulaxdiloba, rogorc<br />
wesi, jgufis sxva wevrebis gulaxdilobasac iwvevs.<br />
garda amisa, siRrmiseuli intervius Catarebis procesSi gansakuTrebiT<br />
TvalSi sacemia interviuersa da respondents Soris arsebuli <strong>socialur</strong>i<br />
distancia, romelmac, SesaZloa, damTrgunvelad imoqmedos respondentze.<br />
fokus-jgufSi es <strong>socialur</strong>i distancia ar qreba, magram aq respondenti marto<br />
aRar aris — mis gverdiT sxedan sxva respondentebi, romlebic, rogorc wesi, imave<br />
<strong>socialur</strong>i fenis warmomadgenlebi arian da romlebic missave mdgomareobaSi<br />
arian, rac respondentis met siTamames iwvevs da TviTdajerebulobas matebs mas.<br />
empiriul <strong>socialur</strong> mecnierebebSi fokus-jgufebis Tanamedrove saxe<br />
Camoyalibda jgufebTan eqsperimentaluri muSaobis gamocdilebis safuZvelze,<br />
romelsac Tavidan fsiqologebi mimarTavdnen.<br />
Tumca 1940-ian wlebSi <strong>socialur</strong>i kvlevebis sivrceSi raodenobirivi <strong>meTodebi</strong><br />
dominirebda, am periodSi amerikul <strong>socialur</strong> mecnierebs Soris iyvnen<br />
iseTebi, vinc skeptikur damokidebulebas gamoTqvamda struqturirebuli da<br />
mkacrad <strong>for</strong>malizebuli <strong>meTodebi</strong>s mimarT. am skepticizmis ZiriTadi mizezi is<br />
iyo, rom <strong>for</strong>malizebuli <strong>meTodebi</strong> mniSvnelovnad zRudavdnen rogorc<br />
respondentebis, aseve mkvlevrebis Tavisuflebas, mkacr CarCoebSi aqcevdnen<br />
kvlevas, rac, zogis azriT, uaryofiT gavlenas axdenda miRebuli in<strong>for</strong>maciis<br />
sandoobaze. amitom TandaTanobiT sul ufro meti popularobiT sargeblobdnen<br />
naklebad <strong>for</strong>malizebuli <strong>meTodebi</strong>, sadac Ria kiTxvebi da ara<strong>for</strong>malizebuli<br />
interviuebi dominirebda.<br />
Tanamedrove fokus-jgufebis uSualo winamorbedad <strong>socialur</strong> mecnierebebSi<br />
amerikeli sociologis robert mertonis da misi kolegebis mier meore<br />
msoflio omis dros SemuSavebuli “fokusirebuli intervius” meTodi iTvleba. am<br />
meTodis meSveobiT isini ikvlevdnen faSisturi germaniis samxedro propagandis<br />
gavlenas jariskacebze. magram mertonis fokusirebuli interviu SeiZleba<br />
yofiliyo rogorc jgufuri, aseve individualuri. miuxedavad imisa, rom 1956<br />
wels mertonma Tavis kolegebTan, m. fiskesa da p. kendalTan erTad gamosca am<br />
meTodisadmi miZRvnili wigni “fokusirebuli interviu”, 39 maT ar SeumuSavebiaT<br />
am terminis mkacri ganmarteba. omis damTavrebis Semdeg mertonma Sewyvita<br />
muSaoba am mimarTulebiT, da garkveuli drois manZilze es meTodi daviwyebas<br />
mieca, sanam 1970-ian wlebSi mis Sesaxeb ar gaixsenes marketinguli kvlevebis<br />
Catarebis mizniT.<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom amJamad fokus-jgufebi farTod gamoiyeneba empiriul<br />
39 Robert K. Merton, Marjorie Fiske, and Patricia L. Kendall. 1956. The Focused Interview. A Manual of<br />
Problems and Procedures. Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press.<br />
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