Tvisebrivi meTodebi socialur kvlevaSi - Center for Social Sciences

ogorc fokus-jgufi, romlis Sesaxebac Semdeg leqciaze visaubrebT, SeiZleba
ganvixiloT rogorc siRrmiseuli intervius nairsaxeobebi — Tumca maT sakmaod
specifikuri Tvisebebi gaaCnia, samive es meTodi Tavisi ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebiT
siRrmiseuli intervius analogiuria.
“cxovrebis istoria” iTvaliswinebs respondentis cxovrebis dawvrilebiT
aRweras. siRrmiseuli interviusagan gansxvavebiT, es aris arastruqturirebuli
interviu, romelic ar moiTxovs sadiskusio gegmis SemuSavebas da romlis
Catarebis procesSic mkvlevris roli xSirad mxolod msmenelis rols utoldeba
— is sTxovs respondents, mouyves mas Tavisi cxovrebis Sesaxeb, da misi Semdgomi
Careva Txrobis procesSi Zalian umniSvneloa, rogorc wesi, mxolod Txrobis
fokusirebis an qronologiis dacvis mizniT xdeba.
“cxovrebis istoriis” meSveobiT SeiZleba Seswavlili iqnes, magaliTad, migraciis
gavlena adamianis cxovrebaze da axal kulturul garemoSi adaptaciis
sirTuleebi. intervius msvlelobaSi miRebuli informaciis gamdidrebis mizniT
mkvlevarma SeiZleba gamoiyenos piradi dokumentebi, rogorebicaa werilebi,
dRiurebi, fotosuraTebi da sxv.
Tumca misi saxeliT Tu vimsjelebT, es meTodi TiTqos respondentis mTeli
cxovrebis momcvelia, es ase ar aris. cxovrebis periodi, romelsac kvlevis
procesSi SeviswavliT, Zalauneburad SerCeviTia; aseT SemTxvevaSic ki interviu
Zalian xangrZlivia da SeiZleba ramenime dRis ganmavlobaSi gagrZeldes (aseT
SemTxvevebSi, ra Tqma unda, saubari mTeli dRe ar mimdinareobs, magram ramdenime
dRis manZilze mkvlevari da interviueri ramdenime saaTs saubroben).
“cxovrebis istoriis” meTodis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi upiratesoba
gamoixateba sxvadasxva pirovnebebis istoriebis Sedarebis da garkveuli socialuri
kanonzomierebebis Ziebis SesaZleblobaSi. amitom es meTodi farTod
gamoiyeneba sociologiaSi, fsiqologiaSi, fsiqiatriaSi, kriminalistikaSi.
socialur mecnierebebSi gamoiyeneba “cxovrebis istoriis” ramdenime saxeoba,
kerZod, amerikuri kvleviTi tradiciisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli “cxovrebis istoria”
da biografiul-naratiuli interviu, romelic farTod gamoiyeneba evropeli
(upirveles yovlisa, germaneli) mkvlevrebis mier. amerikul sociologiaSi
es meTodi saTaves iRebs Cikagos skolis warmomadgenlebis uiliam Tomasis da
florian znaneckis klasikuri gamokvlevidan “poloneli glexi evropasa da amerikaSi”
(1918) da kliford r. Sous “jek roleris” cxovrebis aRweraSi (1930). 1930-
iani wlebidan interesi am meTodisadmi Sesustda, magram 1960-anebSi kvlav
gaZlierda.
“cxovrebis istoriis” gamoyenebisadmi ori midgoma gamoirCeva:
tradiciuli, romelic miznad isaxavs respondentis cxovrebis obieqtur
aRweras da gamoirCeva interesiT imisadmi, Tu ra asaxva pova mis cxovrebaSi
farTo socialurma procesebma, ra gavlena iqonies maT Cveulebrivi adamianis
cxovrebaze. aseTi midgoma gvexmareba, SeviswavloT socialuri procesebis
subieqturi Sefasebebi, gavamaxviloT yuradReba socialur procesebsa da
individualur cxovrebas Soris arsebul kavSirze, SevafasoT socialuri
cvlilebebis mniSvneloba, da sxv. am konteqstSi es meTodi xSirad gamoiyeneba
axali socialuri fenomenebis Seswavlis mizniT, raTa Sevsebuli da
gamdidrebuli iqnes mkvlevrebis xelT arsebuli statistikuri masala.
SedarebiT axali midgoma miznad isaxavs respondentis cxovrebiseuli gzis
interpretacias da/an aseTi interpretaciis SesaZlo gzebis Seswavlas, ris
Sedegadac es midgoma fsiqologias uaxlovdeba.
amerikelma sociologma geil kligmanma (Gail Kligman) “cxovrebis istoriis”
gamoyenebiT Seiswavla rumineli qalebis reproduqciuli janmrTelobis problemebi
CauSeskus reJimis dros, rodesac eris gamavlebis iZulebiTi politika
tardeboda. am politikas tragikuli Sedegebi hqonda qalebis janmrTelobisa da
TviT sicocxlisTvisac ki, vinaidan rTuli ekonomikuri pirobebi qalebs xSirad
ubiZgebda aralegaluri abortebi gaekeTebinaT, romlebic arakvalificiurad
keTdeboda, ris gamoc maT mravali qalis sicocxle Seewira. 30
30 ix. Gail Kligman. 1998. The Politics of Duplicity. Controlling Reproduction in Ceausescu's Romania.
Berkley: University of California Press.
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