Tvisebrivi meTodebi socialur kvlevaSi - Center for Social Sciences
Tvisebrivi meTodebi socialur kvlevaSi - Center for Social Sciences Tvisebrivi meTodebi socialur kvlevaSi - Center for Social Sciences
iqnes is mniSvneloba, romelsac moqmedi pirebi Tavad ukavSireben ama Tu im moqmedebas, da ara — daadginon ama Tu im azris gavrcelebis sixSire. istoriuli mimoxilva Tvisebrivi meTodebis ganviTarebaSi gansakuTrebuli wvlili Seitanes evropelma anTropologebma, romlebmac ganaviTares “CarTuli dakvirvebis” meTodi afrikisa da aziis primitiuli sazogadoebebis Seswavlis mizniT. Cikagos sociologiuri skolis pirveli yvelaze cnobili gamokvleva, uiliam Tomasisa da florian znaneckis “poloneli glexi evropasa da amerikaSi” (1918 w.) srulad emyareba Tvisebriv meTodebs, kerZod, amerikaSi gadasaxlebuli poloneli glexebis mier gamogzavnili werilebis, maTi Canawerebis (piradi dRiurebi da sxv.) da e.w. “cxovrebis istoriebis” Seswavlas. raodenobrivi meTodebi da, upirveles yovlisa, masobrivi gamokiTxvis meTodi mxolod XX saukunis 30-ani wlebis dasawyisidan damkvidrda aSS-Si adgilobrivi gazeTebisa da politikuri partiebis iniciativiT da materialuri mxardaWeriT. XX saukunis dasawyisSi aSS-s socialur mecnierebebSi da, kerZod, sociologiaSi ganviTarda “meTodebis konfliqti”, romelic raodenobrivi da Tvisebrivi meTodebis momxre mecnierTa dapirispirebaSi gamoixata. am dapirispirebaSi sufTa meToduri kamaTis garda igrZnoboda, agreTve im droisaTvis wamyvani amerikuli universitetebis ori meToduri skolis, kolumbiis da Cikagos skolebis dapirispireba. Tu Cikagos skolis waromadgenlebi did yuradRebas uTmobdnen Tvisebriv meTodebs da mniSvnelovani roli iTamaSes maT ganviTarebaSi, kolumbiis universitetis mecnierebi raodenobrivi meTodebis momxreni iyvnen da miiCnevdnen, rom sociologia ar unda acxadebdes Tavs namdvil mecnierebad, Tu mas ar SeuZlia miRebuli empiriuli monacemebis utyuarobis dasabuTeba sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebis analogiurad. swored sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebi iyo, kolumbiis skolis warmomadgenelTa azriT, “WeSmariti” mecnierebebi; isini miiCnevdnen, rom sociologiaSi da, zogadad, socialur mecnierebebSi empiriuli monacemebis utyuarobis dasabuTeba mxolod maSinaa SesaZlebeli, rodesac kvleva raodenobrivi meTodebiT, upirveles yovlisa — respondentTa reprezentatuli SerCevis safuZvelze tardeba. Tvisebriv meTodebs kolumbiis skolis warmomadgenlebi aramecnierulad miiCnevdnen da maTi damkvidrebis winaaRmdeg gamodiodnen. amis sapirispirod, Tvisebrivi meTodebis momxreebi xazs usvamdnen im garemoebas, rom am meTodebiT SesaZlebelia rTuli da naklebad gavrcelebuli fenomenebis siRrmiseuli Seswavla, rom es meTodebi dagvexmareba iq, sadac yvela raodenobrivi meTodi uZluria; Tvisebrivi meTodebi aseve sasargebloa adamianTa Sinagani samyaros, Sidajgufuri urTierTobebis Seswavlis dros. maTi meSveobiT, rogorc wesi, xdeba problemuri situaciis sruli da yovelmxrivi Seswavla, da ara misi calkeuli gamovlinebebis dafiqsireba. ra Tqma unda, SeuZlebeli iyo imis uaryofa, rom arc erTi Tvisebrivi meTodi ar pasuxobda statistikuri reprezentatulobis moTxovnebs, arc Tvisebrivi kvlevis Sedegebis generalizacia iyo SesaZlebeli. garkveul sirTuleebs warmoadgenda Tvisebrivi kvlevis Sedegebis analizis strategiac, romelic, agreTve minimalurad iyo formalizebuli da Zalze mwvaved svamda mkvlevaris obieqturobis sakiTxs. aRiarebdnen ra am sirTuleebs, Tvisebrivi meTodebis mxardamWerni xazs usvamdnen im garemoebas, rom aseT kvlevebs ZaluZT mniSvnelovnad gaamdidron Cveni codna socialuri samyaros Sesaxeb. amisaTvis ki saWiroa, rom es meTodebi maTTvis Sesaferis adgilas iyos gamoyenebuli da ar iqnes Sefasebuli raodenobrivi kriteriumebiT. 1930-iani wlebis dasawyisisaTvis “meTodebis konfliqtSi” droebiTi gamarjveba moipoves kolumbiis universitetis warmomadgenlebma. 1935 wels maT mier daarsebuli iqna axali mecnieruli Jurnali American Sociological Review. 11 Review-s 11 manamde, jer kidev 1895 wels, pirveli sociologiuri Jurnali, American Journal of Sociology, Cikagos universitetis sociologiis fakultetze iqna daarsebuli albion smolis mier. 10
furclebze ver gamoinaxa adgili verc Tvisebrivi meTodebisaTvis da verc Cikagos sociologiuri skolis warmomadgenlebisaTvis. magram es gamarjveba ar iyo xangrZlivi — meore msoflio omis Semdeg ganaxlda da Semdgom TandaTan gaizarda mkvlevrebis interesi Tvisebrivi meTodebis mimarT, romlebic dRes sul ufro da ufro myar adgils ikaveben socialur gamokvlevebSi. “meTodebis konfliqti” dRes Tumca raodenobrivi da Tvisebrivi meTodebi mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan, ar arsebobs erTazrovani pasuxi kiTxvaze, Tu romelia am meTodebidan “ukeTesi” da romeli — “uaresi”, an romels unda mivaniWoT upiratesoba. yvela meTods aqvs Tavisi Zlieri da susti mxareebi, yvela SeiZleba kargi da saWiro iyos Tavis adgilas, gamomdinare iqidan, Tu ra sakiTxis Seswavlas vapirebT da ra kvleviT kiTxvebze veZebT pasuxs. kvlevis meTodis SerCeva konkretuli kvleviTi amocanidan gamomdinare unda moxdes — aris amocanebi da kiTxvebi, romelTa gadaWrasac ukeT SeZlebs raodenobrivi meTodebi, iseve rogorc aris amocanebi, romelTa gadawyvetac Tvisebrivi meTodebis meSveobiTaa yvelaze mizanSewonili. 12 rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, Tvisebrivi meTodebi gamoiyeneba ama Tu im problemis, socialuri situaciis siRrmiseulad Seswavlis mizniT. am meTodebis meSveobiT Seswavlili problemebi moicavs, magaliTad, migracias da emigrantebis cxovrebas axal garemoSi; damnaSaveTa samyaros Sida struqturas da/an damnaSaveTa pirovnul Tvisebebs; Zalauflebis ganawilebas mcire socialur jgufebSi; gansxvavebuli yofis mqone adamianTa (mag., musikosebis, mocekvaveebis) cxovrebis aRweras da sxv. sxva mxriv, raodenobrivi meTodebis gamoyeneba iqneba gamarTlebuli, Tu SeviswavliT sazogadoebaSi arsebul stratifikaciul sistemas; ama Tu im politikuri partiis mxardaWeris perspeqtivebs; romelime masobrivi informaciis saSualebis auditoris demografiul Tvisebebs, da sxv. amasTan, socialuri sinamdvile imdenad rTulia, rom warmoudgenelia misi Seswavla mxolod erTi meTodis saSualebiT. Cven yovelTvis gvaqvs arCevani mraval midgomas Soris, xolo saukeTeso Sedegs, rogorc wesi, Tvisebrivi da raodenobrivi meTodebis gaerTianebisas, maTi paraleluri gamoyenebisas miviRebT. sociologiis istoriaSi cnobilia ramdenime kvleva, romlebic am ori jgufis meTodebis Serwymis TvalsazrisiTaa gansakuTrebiT saintereso. maT Soris erTerTi yvelaze adrindelia 1930-ian wlebSi avstriis sofel marientalSi maria iahodas, pol lazarsfeldis da hans caizelis mier Catarebuli gamokvleva, romlis Temac umuSevroba da masTan dakavSirebuli problemebi iyo. 13 ukanasknel wlebSi Catarebuli kvlevebidan aRsaniSnavia ielis universitetis mier 2000-2001 wlebSi Catarebuli gamokvleva aRmosavleT evropis 7 qveyanaSi, romelic Seiswavlida e.w. “eTnikuri siRaribis” problemas. 14 aseTi kvlevebi adasturebs, rom “meTodebis konfliqtis” gadaWris yvelaze mizanSewonili gza iqneba raodenobrivi da Tvisebrivi meTodebis erToblivi gamoyeneba, rac saSualebas mogvcems, ufro srulad davinaxoT is problema an sakiTxi, romelsac SeviswavliT. amerikeli mkvlevrebi isador niumani da kerolain benci, romlebmac Tavisi wigni Tvisebrivi da raodenobrivi meTodebis Tanaarsebobisa da TanamSromlobis gzebs miuZRvnes, xazs usvamen am meTodebis dapirispirebis xelovnurobas da, amis 12 raTa miviRoT gadawyvetileba imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu romeli meTodis gamoyeneba mogvcems ukeTes Sedegs ama Tu im problemis Seswavlisas, aucileblad unda gaviTvaliswinoT is garemoebac, Tu ramdeni dro gvaqvs gamokvlevis Casatareblad da ramdeni Tanxaa gamoyofili amisaTvis. 13 Marie Jahoda, Paul F. Lazarsfeld and Hans Zeisel. [1971.] Marienthal: The Sociography of an Unemployed Community. Chicago: Aldine-Atherton. 14 am kvlevis Sedegebi jer ar gamoqveynebula. aseTi kompleqsuri gamokvlevebi SedarebiT iSviaTad tardeba, im ubralo mizezis gamo, rom maTi Catareba Zalze rTulia, da amasTan — Zalian ZviradRirebuli. 11
- Page 1 and 2: socialur mecnierebaTa seria Tvisebr
- Page 3 and 4: s a r C e v i winaTqma 4 Tema 1. Tv
- Page 5 and 6: Tema 1. Tvisebrivi meTodebi socialu
- Page 7 and 8: vafiqsirebT maT mier gamoTqmul azre
- Page 9: mkvlevris “informantebis” rols
- Page 13 and 14: nebismieri kvleva programis Sedgeni
- Page 15 and 16: anu generaluri erTobliobis yvela wa
- Page 17 and 18: videofirze. kerZod interviu warmoad
- Page 19 and 20: zedmeti an usargebloa am konkretuli
- Page 21 and 22: “cxovrebis istoriis” analogiura
- Page 23 and 24: axdens, agreTve interviuebis Sedega
- Page 25 and 26: magaliTi #1 axalgazrduli umuSevrobi
- Page 27 and 28: Tema 3. fokus-jgufi fokus-jgufi jgu
- Page 29 and 30: savsebiT SesaZlebelia fokus-jgufebi
- Page 31 and 32: jgufebis Catareba nakleb dros moiTx
- Page 33 and 34: magaliTad, ganasaxieron sxvadasxva
- Page 35 and 36: amdenadac fokus-jgufi axlosaa siRrm
- Page 37 and 38: magaliTi #2 Rvinis moxmarebis kultu
- Page 39 and 40: magaliTi #3 korufcia saqarTveloSi d
- Page 41 and 42: miviCnev, roca eqims sakuTari survi
- Page 43 and 44: “arian iseTi [studentebi], rom ma
- Page 45 and 46: qrTams iRebs] es aris uzneoba” (p
- Page 47 and 48: espondnetebi acnobiereben im garemo
- Page 49 and 50: qceva, da sxva. mklevris uSualo int
- Page 51 and 52: odesac mkvlevari Tavidanve acnobs a
- Page 53 and 54: gegmis) mixedviT. rogorc wesi, CarT
- Page 55 and 56: ara nakleb mniSvnelovania, rom gamo
- Page 57 and 58: aris miRweuli konsensusi imasTan da
- Page 59 and 60: es Canaweri gakeTda espaurenovani r
furclebze ver gamoinaxa adgili verc <strong>Tvisebrivi</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong>saTvis da verc<br />
Cikagos sociologiuri skolis warmomadgenlebisaTvis. magram es gamarjveba ar<br />
iyo xangrZlivi — meore msoflio omis Semdeg ganaxlda da Semdgom TandaTan<br />
gaizarda mkvlevrebis interesi <strong>Tvisebrivi</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong>s mimarT, romlebic dRes<br />
sul ufro da ufro myar adgils ikaveben <strong>socialur</strong> gamokvlevebSi.<br />
“<strong>meTodebi</strong>s konfliqti” dRes<br />
Tumca raodenobrivi da <strong>Tvisebrivi</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba<br />
erTmaneTisagan, ar arsebobs erTazrovani pasuxi kiTxvaze, Tu romelia am<br />
<strong>meTodebi</strong>dan “ukeTesi” da romeli — “uaresi”, an romels unda mivaniWoT<br />
upiratesoba. yvela meTods aqvs Tavisi Zlieri da susti mxareebi, yvela SeiZleba<br />
kargi da saWiro iyos Tavis adgilas, gamomdinare iqidan, Tu ra sakiTxis<br />
Seswavlas vapirebT da ra kvleviT kiTxvebze veZebT pasuxs. kvlevis meTodis<br />
SerCeva konkretuli kvleviTi amocanidan gamomdinare unda moxdes — aris<br />
amocanebi da kiTxvebi, romelTa gadaWrasac ukeT SeZlebs raodenobrivi<br />
<strong>meTodebi</strong>, iseve rogorc aris amocanebi, romelTa gadawyvetac <strong>Tvisebrivi</strong><br />
<strong>meTodebi</strong>s meSveobiTaa yvelaze mizanSewonili. 12 rogorc ukve aRvniSneT,<br />
<strong>Tvisebrivi</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> gamoiyeneba ama Tu im problemis, <strong>socialur</strong>i situaciis<br />
siRrmiseulad Seswavlis mizniT. am <strong>meTodebi</strong>s meSveobiT Seswavlili problemebi<br />
moicavs, magaliTad, migracias da emigrantebis cxovrebas axal garemoSi;<br />
damnaSaveTa samyaros Sida struqturas da/an damnaSaveTa pirovnul Tvisebebs;<br />
Zalauflebis ganawilebas mcire <strong>socialur</strong> jgufebSi; gansxvavebuli yofis mqone<br />
adamianTa (mag., musikosebis, mocekvaveebis) cxovrebis aRweras da sxv. sxva mxriv,<br />
raodenobrivi <strong>meTodebi</strong>s gamoyeneba iqneba gamarTlebuli, Tu SeviswavliT<br />
sazogadoebaSi arsebul stratifikaciul sistemas; ama Tu im politikuri<br />
partiis mxardaWeris perspeqtivebs; romelime masobrivi in<strong>for</strong>maciis saSualebis<br />
auditoris demografiul Tvisebebs, da sxv.<br />
amasTan, <strong>socialur</strong>i sinamdvile imdenad rTulia, rom warmoudgenelia misi<br />
Seswavla mxolod erTi meTodis saSualebiT. Cven yovelTvis gvaqvs arCevani<br />
mraval midgomas Soris, xolo saukeTeso Sedegs, rogorc wesi, <strong>Tvisebrivi</strong> da<br />
raodenobrivi <strong>meTodebi</strong>s gaerTianebisas, maTi paraleluri gamoyenebisas<br />
miviRebT.<br />
sociologiis istoriaSi cnobilia ramdenime kvleva, romlebic am ori jgufis<br />
<strong>meTodebi</strong>s Serwymis TvalsazrisiTaa gansakuTrebiT saintereso. maT Soris erTerTi<br />
yvelaze adrindelia 1930-ian wlebSi avstriis sofel marientalSi maria<br />
iahodas, pol lazarsfeldis da hans caizelis mier Catarebuli gamokvleva,<br />
romlis Temac umuSevroba da masTan dakavSirebuli problemebi iyo. 13 ukanasknel<br />
wlebSi Catarebuli kvlevebidan aRsaniSnavia ielis universitetis mier 2000-2001<br />
wlebSi Catarebuli gamokvleva aRmosavleT evropis 7 qveyanaSi, romelic<br />
Seiswavlida e.w. “eTnikuri siRaribis” problemas. 14 aseTi kvlevebi adasturebs,<br />
rom “<strong>meTodebi</strong>s konfliqtis” gadaWris yvelaze mizanSewonili gza iqneba<br />
raodenobrivi da <strong>Tvisebrivi</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong>s erToblivi gamoyeneba, rac saSualebas<br />
mogvcems, ufro srulad davinaxoT is problema an sakiTxi, romelsac<br />
SeviswavliT.<br />
amerikeli mkvlevrebi isador niumani da kerolain benci, romlebmac Tavisi<br />
wigni <strong>Tvisebrivi</strong> da raodenobrivi <strong>meTodebi</strong>s Tanaarsebobisa da TanamSromlobis<br />
gzebs miuZRvnes, xazs usvamen am <strong>meTodebi</strong>s dapirispirebis xelovnurobas da, amis<br />
12<br />
raTa miviRoT gadawyvetileba imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu romeli meTodis gamoyeneba<br />
mogvcems ukeTes Sedegs ama Tu im problemis Seswavlisas, aucileblad unda<br />
gaviTvaliswinoT is garemoebac, Tu ramdeni dro gvaqvs gamokvlevis Casatareblad da<br />
ramdeni Tanxaa gamoyofili amisaTvis.<br />
13 Marie Jahoda, Paul F. Lazarsfeld and Hans Zeisel. [1971.] Marienthal: The Sociography of an Unemployed<br />
Community. Chicago: Aldine-Atherton.<br />
14 am kvlevis Sedegebi jer ar gamoqveynebula. aseTi kompleqsuri gamokvlevebi SedarebiT<br />
iSviaTad tardeba, im ubralo mizezis gamo, rom maTi Catareba Zalze rTulia, da<br />
amasTan — Zalian ZviradRirebuli.<br />
11
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