Tez-2009.-XX _Chikob. Sakitx._

arnold Ciqobavas enaTmecnierebis 

instituti 

m u S a o b i s g e g m a 

14 aprili, 11 saaTi 

l . e z u g b a i a, Sesavali sitKva 

1. v. S e n g e l i a, fragmentebi mogonebidan akademikos arnold 

Ciqobavaze. XXIX-XXXVI 

arnold Ciqobavas 

sakiTxavebi 

XX 

2009 wlis 14-17 aprili 

m a s a l e b i 

2. i. a s a T i a n i, batoni arnold Ciqobava, mecnieri, 

moGvawe, moZGvari _ misi mowafisaTvis 

3. T. u T u r g a i Z e, -an 

sufiqsisaTvis mediumTa formebSi 

4. g. g o g o l a S v i l i, zmniswini da dro-kiloTa sistema 

(ramdenime faqti da ramdenime kiTxva) 

5. a. a r a b u l i, l. b i n i a S v i l i, l. s o x a Z e, saleqsikono 

statiis redaqtirebis ramdenime aspeqtisa- 

Tvis (erTi zmnuri budis magaliTze) 

6. m. q u r d i a n i, uZvelesi iranuli sociolingvisturi 

modeli da misi mniSvneloba mezobeli qveKnebis enobrivi 

politikis formirebaze (saqarTvelos magaliTze) 

7. m. C u x u a, protokavkasiuri fuZe-enis leqsikuri SedgenilobisaTvis 

(dro, ca, mnaTobebi, bunebis movlenebi) 

8. l. s a n i k i Z e, w(

15 apri 

rili 

li, 11 saaTi 

16 apri 

rili 

li, 11 saaTi 

1. m. G l o n t i, wuTis semantikuri funqciisaTvis qar- 

TulSi 

2. p. c x a d a i a, sami kolxuri mikrohidronimis struqturul-semantikuri 

analizi (mionCurafu, dudiS owKvitafu, 

saorgio) 1. mionCurafu. 

3. n. a r d o t e l i, sabrunebeli saxelis fuZis warmoebisaTvis 

xunZur enaSi 

4. t. g u r g e n i Z e, zogi ram inkluziv-eqskluzivis kategoriis 

Sesaxeb 

5. e. g i u n a S v i l i, saSualo sparsuli geografiuli 

terminologiis kvlevis sakiTxebisaTvis qarTul wKaroeb- 

Si 

6. T. b u r y u l a Z e, msazGvrel-sazGvrulis adgilisaTvis 

saSual qarTulSi 

7. k. m i T a g v a r i a, saxeluri sitKvawarmoeba adiGeurSi. 

I reduplikacia 

8. n. J o r Z e n a Z e, `jurnalistis orTografiul-stilistikuri 

leqsikoni~ 

9. n. x a r C i l a v a, qalis qonebis aGmniSvneli erTi terminis 

Sesaxeb samurzaKanoSi 

10. n. m a m i s e i S v i l i, sizmari da ocneba fuZeTa kavSirisaTvis 

qarTulSi 

1. i. C a n t l a Z e, f. v a n i l i S i, lazur tiponimTa sistema 

,,didi nenafonas~ mixedviT 

2. c. b a r a m i Z e, kilos formobrivi da funqciuri datvirTva 

da hipotaqsis CamoKalibebis gzebi Tabasaranul 

enaSi 

3. e. g a z d e l i a n i, mravlobiTi ricxvis -u, -i’du 

sufiqsebis 

Sesaxeb svanurSi 

4. n. y o x o n e l i Z e, mimarTvis formebi r. inaniSvilis 

enaSi 

5. r. y k a d u a, a- prefiqsis adgilisa da funqciisaTvis 

svanuri enis zmnur formebSi 

6. r. S e r o z i a, `vefxistKaosnis leqsikidan~ II 

7. m. C a C a n i Z e, denotacia-konotaciis dialeqtika da Tanamedrove 

leqsikografiis tendenciebi 

8. c. J a n J G a v a, pirveli piris subieqtis ormagi aGniSvna 

megrulSi 

9. q. m a r g i a n i -s u b a r i, svanuris specifikuri TurmeobiTebis 

afiqsaciisaTvis 

10. n. o T i n a S v i l i, sofel wirqolis onomastika 

11. m. b a r i x a S v i l i, nasesxebi leqsika udiur enasa da 

ingilour dialeqtSi 

11. d. a n f i m i a d i, TanxmovanTa vokalizaciis Sesaxeb 

qarTul musikalur enaSi 

4 

5

17 apri 

rili 

li, 11 saaTi 

1. n. q u T e l i a, diaqroniuli fonotaqtika da sistemis 

elementTa transformacia 

2. c. a x v l e d i a n i, konsonantur JgufTa Seswavlis principebi 

/romanul enaTa masalaze/ 

3. T. v a S a k i Z e, martivi winadadebis sintaqsuri meqanizmisaTvis 

Tanamedrove qarTulSi 

4. S. g a b i s k i r i a, `vefxitKaosnis~ ori anTroponimis 

warmomavlobisaTvis (rosani, dularduxti) 

5. S. f u t k a r a Z e, zedsarTav saxelebTan dakavSirebuli 

Taviseburebani imerxeulSi 

6. m. r o b a q i Z e, `sitKvis~ Sinaarsobrivi aspeqtebis Sesaxeb 

Zvel qarTul da Zvel somxur enebSi 

7. h. C i m q e, odnaobis semantikis Se- zmniswinian formaTa 

gadmocemis saSualebani TurqulSi 

8. n. b a r T a i a, nestan-dareJanis interpretaciasTan dakav- 

SirebiT 

9. r. l o l u a, albanuri leqcionaris amokiTxvisaTvis 

10. n. d o l i Z e, guruli dialeqti sxvadasxva janris teqstebSi 

11. T. p a p i a S v i l i, samSeneblo nagebobaTa aGmniSvneli 

terminebi afxazur enaSi 

l e v a n a z m a i f a r a S v i l i 

zog nacvalsaxelur formaTa Sesaxeb kaxeTSi 

mosaxle xunZebis metKvelebaSi 

(Kvarlis r-nis r 

sof. Tivis metKvelebis mixedviT) 

cnobilia, rom saliteraturo xunZurSi (resp. Crdilour 

xunZurSi) ar gvxvdeba III piris nacvalsaxelTa formebi. maT 

funqcias aq, rogorc wesi, CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi asruleben: 

do-v (I kl.), do- (II kl.), do-b (III kl.) ìs~, do-l (mr.r.) 

ìsini~. 

sxvagvari viTarebaa am mxriv anwuxurSi; magaliTad, sof. 

Tivis mkvidr anwuxelTa toxur-yadaqolour TqmaSi III piris 

nacvalsaxelTa sakuTari formebi moipoveba, anu pirisa da CvenebiTi 

nacvalsaxelebi TvalsaCinodaa diferencirebuli. anwuxurSi 

III piris nacvalsaxelebad gvevlinebian G-a (I kl.), G-e (II 

kl.), G-ab 

(III kl.) ìgi~, G-al 

(mr. r.) ìsini~. magaliTebi: Ga 

tva ìgi (kaci) wavida~, Ge tva ìgi (qali) wavida~, Gab lÀíd 

hububona? ès vin gaakeTa?~, Gal lÀá rugu ìsini aq arian~... 

CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebia anwuxurSi d-a (I kl.), d-e (II 

kl.), d-ab 

(III kl.), d-al 

(mr.r.). magaliTebi: da muh>amad vula 

ài, is muhamadi aris~, de aminaT ula ài, is aminaTi aris~, 

dab Cu bula ài, is cxeni aris~... swored am formebs SeesatKviseba 

Crdilouri xunZuris do-v, do-, do-b, do-l CvenebiTi 

(aseve III piris) nacvalsaxelebi. 

III piris nacvalsaxelTa anwuxuri formebis Sesaxeb cnobebi 

ar moipoveba il. cercvaZis naSromSi (ànwuxuri dialeqti~. 

1948), maT sagangebod arc S. miqailovi gamoKofs, Tumca 

mis monografiaSi (`Очерки аварской диалектологии”, 1959) gvxvdeba 

am nacvalsaxelTa Semcveli calkeuli frazebi, mag., aseTebi: 

Ga tva dvax ìgi (kaci) wavida iqiT~, Ge tva dex ìgi (qali) 

wavida iqiT~... am frazebsac mkvlevari sxva sakiTxebze msJelobisas 

moixmobs sailustraciod. nacvalsaxelTa es formebi Setanili 

aqvT Tavis sitKvaTkrebulSi a. kibriksa da s. koZasovs 

6 

7

(`Сопоставительное изучение дагестанских языков. Имя. Фонетика”, 

1990). 

anwuxuris Ga (I kl.), Ge (II kl.), Gab (III kl.), Gal 

(mr. 

r.) piris nacvalsaxelTa SesatKvisad Crdilour xunZurSi gvevlinebian 

CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi Gov 

(I kl.), Go (II kl.), 

Gob 

(III kl.), Gol 

(mr. r.). arn. Ciqobavasa da il. cercvaZis 

varaudiT, Crdilouri xunZuris o xmovniani variantebisaTvis 

samxrulis a xmovniani variantebi unda iKos amosavali: Gov 

< 

Gav 

av, dov < dav. anwuxurSi I klasisaTvis rom Ga gvaqvs, xolo 

II klasisaTvis Ge, es fonetikuri cvlilebiT aris gamowveuli, 

kerZod, difTongTa gamartivebis Sedegia, rac samxrul xunZur 

dialeqtebSi gavrcelebuli movlenaa (S. miqailovi, arn. Ciqobava, 

il. cercvaZe... ): Ga < Gav 

(a < av), Ge < Ga (e < a). 

mTavari ki is aris, rom Crdilouri xunZuris CvenebiTi 

nacvalsaxeli Gov 

ov, romelic fonetikurad kanonzomierad SeesatKviseba 

anwuxuris Ga piris nacvalsaxels, amave dros mkveTrad 

gamoirCeva ukanasknelisagan funqciur-semantikuri TvalsazrisiT: 

Crdilouri xunZuris Gov 

(I kl.), Go (II kl.), Gob 

(III kl.), Gol 

(mr.r.) nacvalsaxelebi miuTiTeben dabal adgilas 

mKof pirze an saganze, mag., gorakze mdgomi gorakis Ziras 

mKofis Sesaxeb ambobs: Gov 

ìs, vinc dabla imKofeba (p. uslari, 

arn. Ciqobava, il. cercvaZe...); anwuxurSi ki Ga (I kl.), Ge 

(II kl.), Gab 

(III kl.), Gal 

(mr. r.) III piris nacvalsaxelebad 

gamoiKenebian da sivrcesTan mimarTebis TvalsazrisiT neitralurni 

arian. aGsaniSnavia, rom saliteraturo xunZurSi adre 

Kofila mcdeloba III piris nacvalsaxelebad zogadi mniSvnelobiT 

(sivrcisagan ganKenebulad) swored Gov 

ov, Go, Gob 

ob, Gol 

formaTa SemoGebisa, magram amas Sedegi ar mohKolia. 

III piris nacvalsaxelebi anwuxurSi Taviseburebas avlenen 

brunebis drosac: 

8 

G-a (I kl.) G-e (II kl.) G-ab 

(III kl.) G-al 

(mr.r.) 

erg. G-a-s´ erg. G-a-lÀ´ 

erg. G-a-z 

magram sxva brunvebSi gveqneba aseTi saxis formebi: 

naT. us´-u-l naT. u-lÀ´ 

À´-u-l naT. u-z-u-l 

mic. u-s´-u-b-e mic. u-lÀ´ 

À´-u-b-e mic. u-z-u-b-e 

erTi da imave piris metKvelebaSi paralelurad SeiZleba 

Segvxvdes gansxvavebuli formebi, mag., u-s´-u-l // G-a-s´-u-l 

`misi~ da a.S. : yad usúl (//Gasúl) roK KaGri `cecxlma misi 

saxli dawva~. orivenairad SeiZlebao. saerTod, unda iTqvas, 

rom sof. Tivis anwuxur metKvelebaSi iSviaTi ar aris paralelurad 

xmareba erTi da imave sitKvis ramdenadme gansxvavebuli 

variantebisa, xolo es viTareba ver aixsneba martooden Sida 

procesebis gavleniT. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom xunZebi TivSi 

anwuxis Temis sxvadasxva soflebidan arian Camosaxlebulni da, 

Sesabamisad, adgili aqvs sxvadasxva TqmebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel 

fonetikur, morfologiur Tu leqsikur movlenaTa Serevas, 

rac Tavs iCens xolme idioleqtis donezec, paralelur formaTa 

arsebobis saxiT. 

aqve aGvniSnav sxva nacvalsaxelur formaTa Taviseburebebis 

Sesaxebac. 

sof. Tivis metKelebaSi kiTxviTi nacvalsaxeli sí-b 

(`ra~) arc Tu iSviaTad SeiZleba ixmarebodes III klasis -b sufiqsis 

gareSe, mag., sí dulÀ biS? `ra Tqvi?~, sí du bat¾mon? 

`ra ginda?~, s¾i jo hab? `ra aris es?~ da sxva. 

dasturdeba ganusazGvrel nacvalsaxelTa erTob Taviseburi 

kompozituri formebi: so„agi 

agiCi 

// so„aCi 

`vinme~, 

so„agi 

agijo // so„ajo `rame~. magaliTebi: 

so„aCi sólvons´ lÀáx? `vinme movida aq?~, bosun 

so„ajo! àiGe rame!~... 

saliteraturo xunZurisaTvis aseTi formebi ucxoa. 

am formebSi warmodgenilia ricxviTi saxeli so èr- 

Ti~(yadaqolouri warmoTqmiT: So). -„agi 

agi- // -„a- elementi, 

romlis warmomavlobac gaurkvevelia, rogorc Cans, ganusazGvrelobis 

mniSvnelobas unda sZendes sitKvas. sitKva so- 

9

„agi 

(anda So-„agi 

yadaqolouri warmoTqmiT) gvxvdeba agreTve 

Sedgenil zmnisarTSi so„agi mex´ (yad. So„agi mex´) 

òdesGac~ (mex 

mex´ `dro~). 

zmnis uarKofiT formebTan eseni uarKofiTi nacvalsaxelis 

mniSvnelobas iZenen: dida so„agiCi vex½eyu `me veravin vnaxe~, 

t¾ogulo heb tex½ so„iCis´x àr misce es wigni aravis!~, 

dida so„ajo biwboh>naru `me araferi mesmis~... 

am formaTa daboloebebSi sul iolad gamoiKofa sitKvebi 

Ci `kaci, adamiani~ (so„agi-Ci) da jo `nivTi, sagani~ (so„agi-jo). 

gvxvdeba amgvaradve Sedgenili kidev erTi ganusazGvreli 

nacvalsaxeli, romelic ufro konkretuli mniSvnelobiT 

gamoiKeneba da. ase vTqvaT, `vinme qals~ gulisxmobs: so-„a- 

„adam 

`qali vinme~ („adam `qali~): so„ai„adamalÀ´ huburis´ hab 

h>alti? `vinmem (igulisxmeba qali) gaakeTa es saqme?~ da sxva. 

d i a n a a n f i m i a d i 

TanxmovanTa vokalizaciis Sesaxeb 

qarTul musikalur enaSi 

musikaluri ena, iseve rogorc sametKvelo ena, niSanTa 

sistemas warmoadgens da aGmiSvnelisa da aGsaniSnis urTier- 

TmimarTebis principebs eqvemdebareba, 

am SemTxvevaSi aGsaniSns warmoadgens musikaluri frazis, 

Tu mTliani nawarmoebis melodiuri arsi _ melodikuri 

struqtura, xolo misi konkretuli ganxorcieleba konkretuli 

harmoniis gamoKenebiT, aGmniSvneli iqneba. 

Koveli musikaluri ena myidro kavSirSia sametKvelo 

enasTan. 

sametKvelo enis vokaluroba Tu konsonantizmi, ritmi, 

melodikuri struqtura, metKvelebis tempi, mniSvnelovan ga- 

vlenas axdens musikalur enaze, metic, gavlena xorcieldeba 

dialeqtur donezec. 

es gavlena ufro TvalSi sacemia Tu saqme gvaqvs vokalur 

musikasTan anu iseT musikalur fenomenTan, romelic 

teqstisa (enobrivi narativis) da musikaluri frazis kombinaciis 

Sedegad iqmneba. 

aseT SemTxvevaSi urTierTgavlena ufro cxadi da advilad 

dasanaxia. 

qarTul xalxur simGerebsa da saeklesio sagaloblebSi 

Tanxmovnebs vokalizaciisa da calke musikaluri marcvlis 

Seqmnis unari aqvT: 

Tanxmovans erTvis e.w. naxevarxmovani, Sedegad warmoiqmneba 

damoukidebeli musikaluri marcvali. 

is faqti, rom Kvelaze xSirad aseTi unariT sonorebi 

gamoirCevian, gvavaraudebinebs, rom aqac iseTive principi moqmedebs, 

rogorc saerToqarTvelur enaSi, sadac, samecniero 

literaturaSi arsebuli Tvalsazrisis Sesabamisad, sonantebs 

xmovnis funqcia da marcvlis Seqmnis unari hqondaT. 

aseTi fonetikuri movlena dasturdeba, rogorc qarTul 

xalxur simGerebsa da glosolaliebSi, agreTve qarTul liturgikaSi, 

kerZod galobaSi. 

aGsaniSnavia, rom e.w. `gamSvenebul~ galobaSi, sadac musikaluri 

frazis gamdidreba zedmeti xmovnebis CarTvis xarJze 

xdeba, Tanxmovnebi mainc calke musikalur marcvals qmnian. 

es faqti, saerToqarTveluri movlenaa da qarTuli musikaluri 

enis saintereso Taviseburebas warmoadgens. 

10 

11

a v T a n d i l a r a b u l i, l a l i b i n i a S v i l i, 

l i d a s o x a Z e 

saleqsikono statiis redaqtirebis ramdenime 

aspeqtisaTvis (erTi zmnuri budis magaliTze) 

romelime leqsikuri erTeulis sruli saleqsikono gaformeba 

rom sitKvis formawarmoebiTi da semantikuri mimar- 

Tebebis, misi funqcionaluri SesaZleblobebis kompleqsur, 

mravalaspeqtur gaTvaliswinebas moiTxovs, es, zogadad, KvelasaTvis 

naTelia. magram ramdenad mravalwaxnagovania am aspeqt- 

Ta urTierTgadakveTis SesaZleblobani, es mxolod konkretuli 

nimuSis saleqsikono `montajisas~ xdeba xelSesaxebi. aq, wesisamebr, 

Tavs iKris rogorc leqsikur-semantikuri sistemis, 

ise gramatikuli paradigmatikisa da sintagmatikis sakvanZo 

problemebi da, Cveulebrivi kvlevisagan gansxvavebiT, Tavad analizis, 

klasifikaciisa da kvalifikaciis procesi laboratoriuli 

`sinTezuri reduqciis~ doneze rCeba... 

am rigis zogi problemis warmosaCenad SeiZleba aviGoT 

erTi zmnuri budis (`rbis~) statiebis redaqtirebis suraTi 

qeglis II tomidan. ZiriTadi statia (Zveli redaqciisa): 

garbi-s (mxolod nakvTTa awmyos wyebaSi) grduv. stat. 

sirbiliT midis, _ mirbis. kato xarxariT garboda qvemoTken (n. 

lom.). [patara biWuna] kisristexiT garboda (a. bel.). || gadat. swrafad 

midis, miiwevs. _ saxlidan garbis. _ ZaRli Sin ar vargodao, 

sanadirod garbodao (andaza). bevri SeSis damwveli malimal tyeSi 

garbodao (andaza). 

es statia, Tu ganmartebiTi leqsikoni ilustrirebuli 

ar aris, ZiriTadad akmaKofilebs leqsikografiul moTxovnebs 

(Tu mxedvelobaSi ar miviGebT gramatikuli kvalifikaciis sakiTxs). 

magram empiriuli monaceme- bis aGniSnuli ZiriTadi 

aspeqtebiT sistematizaciam statiis sruliad axali redaqcia 

moiTxova: 

12 

garbi-s grduv. 1. (mxolod nakvTTa awmyos wyebaSi) darbis; mirbis. 

bevri SeSis damwveli malimal tyeSi garbodao (andaza). daTvi 

ufro magra garbis Tu melas ufro grZeli kudi aqvs? (`forum. Gol. 

ge~). aris erTi vai-uSvelebeli, garbian da gamorbian eqTnebi da eqimebi 

(`karavi~). eCveneboda, rom ayvavebul dekianSi garbian isa da qali (g. 

Cox.). bevri laparaki uyvarT, an kidev sul sadRac garbian da mainc verafers 

aswreben (`qarT. safix.~). figur. garbian, erTmaneTs eWidebian 

gzispira balaxebi (r. inan.). 2. (iyen. gairbina, gaurbenia) sirbiliT 

gaivlis raime monakveTs, gadis raime manZils. xSirs SemTxvevaSi 

daTvi garbis kai did manZils daWrili (`Tbil. for.~). monawileni rigrigobiT 

akeTeben gadacemebs, ris Semdeg monawile garbis jgufis bolomde 

marjvena mxridan da dgeba boloSi (`lem.~). ◊ dro (Tve, weliwadi) 

garbis dro swrafad midis. garboda dro da dRes Rame sdevda 

(g. abaS.). weliwadic male garboda (T. natr.). 3. (ivs. gaiqca, gaqceula) 

sirbiliT midis, _ mirbis (sadRac). kato xarxariT garboda 

qvemoTken (n. lom.). orRobeSi... saxlidan perangis amara gamovardnili 

biWuna garbis (g. maRul.). mama wamoxteboda loginidan, piris dasabanad 

garboda (T. natr.). ◊ kisristexiT garbis Zalian swrafad mirbis. 

[patara biWuna] kisristexiT garboda (a. bel.). rogorc ki ded-mama (= 

dinozavri) sanadirod wavidoda, orive kisristexiT garboda Walisaken 

(i. malac.). ◊ Tavqudmoglejili garbis igivea, rac k i s r i s - 

t e x i T g a r b i s. Tavqudmoglejili garboda TviTon mTavarsardali 

Sahverd sulTan ziad-oRli! (l. sanik.). xmaurs gavigebdiT da korpusebidan 

Tavqudmoglejili gavrbodiT (`kv. palit.~). 4. gadat. saidanme 

midis; (swrafad) tovebs, scildeba raime adgils. ZaRli Sin ar 

vargodao, sanadirod garbodao (andaza). didi da patara foTisaken garboda 

(g. wereT.). Sen exla garbixar Cemgan (mem. abaS.). [sportsmenebi] 

xaliCidan daoTxilni garbodnen (r. WeiSv.). 

warmodgenili zmnuri saleqsikono erTeulis semantikurfunqcionalurma 

analizma pirvel rigSi warmoaCina, rom zmnuri 

forma garbi 

rbi-s sami sxvadasxva paradigmis wevria (resp. sawKisi 

erTeulia). pirveli nakluli paradigmaa, xolo ori danar- 

Ceni, semantikuri SesaZleblobebis gaTvaliswinebiT, orgvarad 

aris Canacvlebuli (Sevsebuli) sxva fuZiT _ imave Ziris masdaris 

fuZiT (rben 

rben-/rbin 

rbin-) da supleturi fuZiT (qcev 

qcev-). pirvel 

paradigmas ganamtkicebs amave Ziris Semdegi fuZeebi: rbi-s, 

13

darbi 

rbi-s (mxolod nakvTTa awmKos wKebaSi); meores: gadarbi 

rbi-s, 

gadmorbi 

rbi-s (gadairbin-a...); xolo mesames _ gaur 

urbi 

bi-s, gamour 

ur- 

bi-s (gaeqc-a...). 

n o d a r a r d o t e l i 

sabru 

brune 

nebe 

beli saxe 

xelis fuZis warmoebi 

bisa 

saTvis 

xunZur enaSi 

14 

1. xunZur enaSi saxelTa brunebisas unda gairCes oTxi 

saxis fuZe: a) bazisuri (resp. aramarkirebuli, wminda) fuZe, 

romelic saxelobiTi brunvis formas etoleba; b) ìrib~ brunvaTa 

(resp. markirebuli) fuZe; g) mravlobiTi ricxvis bazisuri 

fuZe; d) mravlobiTi ricxvis irib brunvaTa fuZe. 

saxelobiTi brunvis mzamzareuli forma fuZed miiCneva 

imis gamo, rom nulovani morfemiT aris warmodgenili da orfuZiani 

brunebisas saKrdeni odenobaa iribi fuZis sawarmoeblad, 

magaliTad: sax. baw `mgeli~ _ erg. baw-i-cá (ir. fuZ. 

baw-i-), sax. ic´ `wKaro~ _ erg. ic´-u-cá (ir. fuZ. ic´-u-), sax. 

na `futkari~ _ erg. na--i-cá (ir. fuZ. na--i-) da sxv. 

saxelobiTSi gvxvdeba rogorc TanxmovanfuZiani (metwilad), 

ise xmovanfuZiani (naklebad) saxeli. masTan, xmovanfuZianad 

miCneuli saxelobiTSi mdgari zogi saxeli cveTis gamo SeiZleba 

TanxmovanfuZiani aGmoCndes (wa `cecxli~ _ erg. wad-ucá 

_ ir. fuZ. wad-u-...). 

2. ergativisa da irib brunvaTa sawarmoebeli fuZis fonematuri 

struqtura amgvaria: wminda fuZe (resp. saxelobiTis 

forma) 1 + fuZis formanti (`damakavSirebeli xmovani~, `fuZis 

1 

saxelobiTis forma da wminda (aramarkirebuli) fuZe gairCeva im 

TvalsazrisiT, rom wminda fuZe fonetikurad SeiZleba modificirebuli iKos, 

mag.: sax. qeren `mkerdi~ _ wminda fuZe qaran-, sax. zani `KorGani~ _ wminda 

fuZe. zon- da a. S. 

savrcobi~...) + brunvis niSani, mag.: sax. rak _ erg. rek-e-cá 

(ir. fuZ. rek-e-), mic. rek-e--e, naT. rek-e-l, sax. mow´ `mTvare~ 

_ erg. mow´-ro-cá (ir. fuZ. mow´-ro-), mic. mow´-ro-{}-e, naT. 

mow´-ro-l da mr. sxv. 

irib brunvaTa sawarmoebel sufiqsad Kvela xmovani 

gamoiKeneba, Tumca -e- Zalian iSviaTad SeiniSneba. garda xmovniTi 

elementebisa, fuZis markerad gvxvdeba -VC, -CV struqturis 

marcvlovani elementebi. amgvari elementebis brunvis ni- 

SanTaTvis mikuTvneba [megreliZe 1940: 133; Tofuria 1987: 

193] gaumarTlebelia, vinaidan xdeba sxvadasxva qronologiuri 

donis, sxvadasxva genezisisa da funqciis elementebis erTi morfologiuri 

afiqsisadmi daqvemdebareba. odindeli klasifikatorebi, 

romlebic reinterpretirdnen brunvis niSnebad, 

mTlianad daicalnen klas-niSnis gagebisagan da e. w. Tanmxleb 

xmovnebsac aGar Txouloben. amis gaTvaliswinebiT, ar aris aucielebeli 

brunvis niSani iKos -VC (-CV) struqturisa, roca 

isini metwilad calTanxmovniania. garda amisa, ergativsa da 

irib brunvebSi xmovniTi elementi ucvlelia, rac damatebiTi 

argumentia, rom am rigis xmovnebi (sax. Ked `kedeli~ _ erg. 

Kad-a-cá...) brunvis niSanTa kuTvnilebad ar miviCnioT. 

3. atributuli brunebis dros ergativsa da irib brunvaTa 

fuZeSi daCndeba -s´, -lÀ´ 

elementebi, romlebic win -a-s 

dairTaven da sxvadasxva specialistTa mier gansxvavebulad 

ganimartebian [ix. a. bokarevi 1949: 38; aleqseevi 1988: 13; 

Sdr. Ciqobava, cercvaZe 1962: 218-220; isaevi 1987: 176...]. 

Cveni azriT, amgvari elementebi, romelTa ekvivalentebi 

(-S´, -lÀ´ 

saxiT) andiur enebSi gaxmovanebis gareSe arian warmodgenili, 

SeiZleba miviCnioT irib brunvaTa fuZiseul klasifikatorebad. 

istoriulad es klasifikatorebi, pirdapiri (wminda) 

fuZis klasifikatorebisagan gansxvavebiT, ergativsa da 

irib brunvebSi axdendnen saxelTa klasifikacias klas-kategoriis 

mixedviT. 

amas migvaniSnebs maTi distribucia: -s´ gamoiKeneba I kl. 

saxelebTan, xolo -lÀ´ 

ki _ II-III klasis saxelebTan. am for- 

15

mantTa korelacia mkafiod aris gamoxatuli da maTi aGreva 

ar xdeba (ra Tqma unda, Tu ar gvaqvs orazrovani saxelebi: hobol 

`stumari~, madohal `mezobeli~...). 

4. miaCniaT, rom -as 

as´, -al 

alÀ´ 

(mr. r. -az 

az) nacvalsaxeluri 

warmoSobis formantebia, romlebic ergatiuli brunvis niSnebad 

gvevlinebian [kikviZe 1961: 350-356; Ciqobava, cercvaZe 1962: 

218-220; gudava 1962: 266-271...]. 

Cveni azriT, I da II tipis brunebaSi, romelic atributivebidan 

momdinareobs, -s´ (I kl.) da -lÀ´ 

(II-III kl.) istoriulad ar 

asrulebdnen ergativis niSnis funqcias. marTalia, es elementebi 

ukavSirdebian CvenebiT nacvalsaxelebSi TavCenil ekvivalentebs, 

magram maTgan ar unda momdinareobdnen. CvenebiT nacvalsaxelebSic, 

rogorc msazGvrelebSi, imave funqcias asrulebdnen, 

rasac zedsarTavebSi _ axdendnen saTanado saxelTa determinacias 

klas-kategoriis mixedviT. amdenad, substantivebsa da CvenebiT 

nacvalsaxelebSi es elementebi saerTo odenobania. 

rac Seexeba xmovniT elements, -a- saxelobiTis formidan 

unda iKos fuZes gadmoKolili, mag.: sax. lÀík-a-… `kargi~ _ erg. 

lÀík-a-s´ (

1. ibrunvis rogorc saTauri, ise misi msazGvrelic. 

oGond mniSvneloba aqvs imas TanxmovanfuZiania igi Tu xmovanfuZiani 

2. aseTi SesitKvebebis bruneba ufro rTuldeba, Tu sa- 

Tauri an saxelwodeba ubrunvelia. suraTi araerTgvarovania 

a) gvaqvs da kavSiriani SesitKveba (gazeTi `sitKva da saqme~, 

filmi `xareba da gogia~) 

b) zmnuri SesitKveba (moTxroba `KbaCam daigviana~, filmi 

ìsini Camovidnen mTidan~) 

g) saTauri aris romelime sxva brunvaSi (leqsi `Cems das 

efemias~, `Kvarlis mTebs~) 

3. miuxedavad imisa, rom saTauri brunebadia, igi rCeba 

ucvleli. ibruneba mxolod msazGvreli. saTauris ubrunveloba 

Tanamedrove saliteraturo enis, gansakuTrebiT presisa da 

televiziis enis damaxasiaTebeli tendenciaa. 

TviTon saTaurebis brunebis wesis dadgenaSi gvexmareba 

saTaurebisa da saxelwodebebis agebuleba. 

c i u r i a x v l e d i a n i 

konso 

sonan 

nantur JgufTa Seswav 

swavlis princi 

cipe 

pebi 

(ro 

roma 

manul enaTa masa 

sala 

laze 

ze) 

gabmul metKvelebaSi bgeraTa SeerTebis kanonebi didi 

xania ipKrobs lingvistTa KuradGebas. tradiciul fonetikaSi 

ganixileboda procesebi, romlebic xdeboda kontaqturad, 

zogJer ki distanciurad ganlagebul bgerebs Soris; magram es 

mxolod erT-erTi SesaZlebeli aspeqtTagania bgeriTi kompleqsebis 

analizisa. fonologiis gamoCenam ganapiroba meore aspeqtic 

_ calkeul fonemaTa Jayvurad SeerTebis wesebis Seswavla 

TiToeuli mocemuli enisaTvis. mesame aspeqti ki aris _ 

fonemaTa Jgufebis, kerZod Tanxmovnebis warmodgena gansakuT- 

18 

rebul sistemad, aranakleb mniSvnelovnad, vidre fonemaTa sistemaa. 

es aspeqti arsebiTia enaTa tipologiisaTvis. 

diaqroniuli fonotaqtika ikvlevs konsonanturi Jgufebis 

sistemis evolucias, sistemis cvlilebis kanonzomierebebs 

mTlianobaSi, adgens konstanturi da variaciuli elementebis 

arsebobas. Tumca, Cveni azriT, ar SeiZleba mxolod am aspeqtiT 

Semoifarglos fonotaqtikuri kvleva. Cveni kvleva warmoebs 

sitKvis rogorc erTiani mTlianobis (romlis ganuKofel 

nawils warmoadgens fonetikuri struqtura) gagebis poziciidan. 

am midgomiT SeiZleba ufro farTo gansazGvra mieces fonotaqtikas, 

rogorc fonetikuri mecnierebis nawils, romelic 

Seiswavlis sitKvis fonetikur struqturas. am struqturis 

kerZo SemTxvevas warmoadgens konsonanturi kompleqsebis Seswavla 

sitKvis SemadgenlobaSi. vfiqrobT, rom fonotaqtika 

aris is xidi, ramelic aerTebs fonetikasa da fonologias. 

arsebobs TanxmovanTa Jgufebis ama Tu im xarisxiT gamartivebisa 

da garTulebis procesebi; gamartivebis nimuSebia: 

laT. cor

vitaneT axali samecniero cnebebi, rogorebicaa fonotaqtikuri 

potenciali, konsonanturi kompleqsebis elementTa produqtiulobis 

xarisxi maTi poziciisda mixedviT, saerTo fonotaqtikuri 

fondi da sxva, rac afarToebs fonotaqtikuri Teoriis 

aqamde cnobil debulebebs da amasTanave xels uwKobs 

fonotaqtikis Semdgom ganviTarebas. 

c i r a b a r a m i Z e 

kilos formobrivi da funqciuri datvirTva 

da hipotaqsis CamoKalibebis alibebis gzebi Tabasaranul enaSi 

Tabasaranul enaSi modaluri kategoria kilo morfosintaqsur 

odenobad CamoKalibda. semantikuradac da sintaqsuradac 

aseTi winadadebis konstruqcia mogvagonebs standartul 

qvewKobil winadadebas. erTi mxriv, kilos gamomxatveli zmnebi 

srul morfologizacias ganicdian, Tumca, meore mxriv, inar- 

Cuneben sintaqsur Tvisebebs. 

cnobilia, rom Tabasaranul enaSi ar gvaqvs mimarTebiTi 

nacvalsaxelebi, arc maqvemdebarebeli kavSirebi ganviTarebula. 

rTuli qvewKobili winadadeba Cveulebriv gadmoicema winadadebebiT, 

romlebSic warmodgenilia mimGeobebi, absolutivebi, 

infinitiuri, masdaruli da garemoebiTi formebi. magaliTad, 

miznis garemoebiTi konstruqcia rom gadmoeca, gamoiKena: haz 

ƒáfiS _ zedmiwevniT, `ratom, Tu itKvi~ winadadebaSi igi asrulebs 

garemoebiTi winadadebis kavSiris rols da aGniSnavs 

ìmitom, rom~. 

cxadia, hipotaqsi TabasaranulSi, iseve, rogorc daGestnur 

enebSi, sazogadod, dgas CamoKalibebis rTul gzaze. am 

procesSi gansakuTrebul rols asrulebs kilo, romelic Seicavs 

aTeulobiT formebs, mimarTavs analizur warmoebas da 

gadmogvcems sxvasxva modalur konstruqcias, zogJer gaurkveve- 

20 

li struqturiTac ki. 

amgvari zmnuri formebis sruli aGwera Zalze Znelia, 

gansakuTrebiT ki _ semantikuri aGwera. sirTules warmoadgens 

agreTve Kvela zmnuri formisa da konstruqciis inventarizacia. 

zogierTi maTgani Zalian iSviaTad Tu gamoiKeneba da 

SeiZleba mkvlevars mxedvelobidanac ki gamorCes, xolo zogis- 

Tvis damaxasiaTebelia gramatikalizaciis umniSvnelo xarisxi. 

amitom SeiZleba mniSvnelovan formadac ar CavTvaloT. 

moxsenebaSi mocemulia cda, CamoKalibdes kilos uCveulo 

struqturis Taviseburebani, am formebis semantikuri mravalferovneba, 

moxdes funqciaTa gansazGvra, da bolos, gairkves 

morfologiaSi Semavali sintaqsuri odenobis _ hipotaqsis 

formirebis gzebi. kilos situaciis Semcvel winadadebaSi 

gvaqvs marTvis Taviseburi modeli _ mTavari winadadebis 

zmnasTan subieqti umetesad ergativSia, xolo situacia, romelic 

kilos modalobas Seicavs, gadmoicema zmniT _ sitKvaformiT 

da igi wina _ mTavari winadadebis zmnazea damokidebuli. 

kilos situaciis gamomxatveli zmna ki SeiZleba iKos 

rogorc erTvalentiani gardauvali, orvalentiani gardamavali 

da, agreTve, datiuri konstruqciis mqone afeqturi zmna. daqvemdebarebul 

winadadebaSi, romelic KovelTvis damokidebulia 

mTavar zmnaze, aqtantebis brunvaTa gaformeba sruladaa 

SenarCunebuli. 

n o m a d i b a r T a i a 

nestan-dareJanis interpretaciasTan dakavSirebiT 

qarTuli werilobiTi Zeglebidan sakuTari saxeli nes- 

tan-da 

dare 

reJa 

Jani 

pirvelad `vefxistKaosanSia~ dafiqsirebuli. 

am saxelis etimologiis Sesaxeb pirvelad Teimuraz bagrationma 

(1782_1846) gamoxata Tavisi mosazreba `wignni leq- 

21

sikonnSi~ Semdegi saxiT: `ne 

neis 

istan 

tan-da 

darJan 

rJan. nein 

_ lerwami. ne- 

isTan 

_ saunJe lerwamTa. darJan 

sulsa Sina, anu sicocxlesa 

Sina _ arabulad amas niSnavs Jan _ sicocxle, anu suli. dar 

_ ese sparsuli leqsi ars, romelica niSnavs Sina anu Tana-misTana. 

tan anu Tan tani kacisa; rom dahKo marcvlebad nestan 

tan- 

dare 

reJan 

mravali sxvadasxva saxeli gamova. dara 

raJa 

xarisxic 

aris. dara 

raJa 

mxmilavic aris, ese igi yarauli~ (T. bagrationi 

1979). 

amave leqsikonSi calkea ganmartebuli nas-tan 

tan-Jar 

Jar-i amgvarad 

_ èse sparsulis leqsiT rom ganimartos: nas anu nes _ 

nazi, qarTulad _ wKnari, Sesabamieri da anu wKnaris mSvenierebiT 

Semkobili, anu mSvenieri siwKnaris Tvisebisa. tan aris 

sparsulad Tan _ ese igi morfi 

anu nakvTi 

kvTi. Jar _ keTilwesierebiT 

gankarguli, anu ganmSvenierebuli. miTiTebulia, rom 

naxon nestan 

tan-da 

dare 

reJa 

Jani 

ni. 

aq saKuradGebo mxolod problemiT dainteresebaa da 

ara misi mecnieruli analizi. 

mecnierulad ki am sakiTxs pirvelad niko mari Seexo, 

romelmac erTi rigis warmomavlobis sakuTari saxelebi: se- 

fedav 

davle 

leda 

daris 

rispa 

pani 

ni, amiran 

randa 

dare 

reJa 

Jani 

niZe 

da maTTan erTad nestan 

tan- 

dare 

reJa 

Jani 

ase daSala da axsna: 

sefe 

fedav 

davle 

leda 

daris 

rispa 

pani 

_ sef e davle dar ispan 

pan, sadac 

sef /sa فیس (← 

saф/ ) aris _ xmali 

li; e _ izafetis mawarmoebeli, 

davla 

ıدوله /dav (← 

davla 

la/) _ qveKana; dar /dar در (← 

dar/) _ 

22 

(sai فیس دوله 

/amir 

amir/) aris _ emiri 

ri; andar 

dar(e) /an اندر←)‏ 

andar 

dar/ ) _ Tand. _ Si 

da Jan جھان (← 

Jeh‰n/) 

_ qveKana. امير اندر جھان _ mTlianobaSi 

Tand. _ Si) da ispan 

/es اصفھان (← 

esфah‰n 

ah‰n/ ) _ isfa 

faha 

hani 

ni. mTlianobaSi 

_ 

saiф e davla dar esфahan 

ahan) _ saxel 

xel- 

mwifo 

xmali 

isfa 

fahan 

hanSi 

(Zli 

Zlieri 

ri, mama 

maci 

ci...). 

amiran 

randa 

dare 

reJa 

Jani 

niZe 

_ amir andar 

dar(e) Jan, sadac amir امير←)‏ 

(amir andar 

dar(e) Jehan 

han) _ emiri 

qveKnisa 

(qveKnis 

meTa 

Tauri 

ri, swo- 

rupo 

pova 

vari 

ri, mama 

maci 

ci...). 

nestan 

tan-da 

dare 

reJa 

Jani 

ni, sadac nest نست ‏/نيست/‏ (← _ 

nesT 

/nisT 

nisT/) 

niSnavs _ ar aris, andar 

dar(e) /an اندر (← _ 

andar 

dar/) 

aris 

(nesT نست اندر جھان 

Tand. _ Si da Jan /Jeh‰n جھان (← _ 

Jeh‰n/) 

_ qveyana. mTlianobaSi _ 

nesT andar 

dar(e) Jeh‰n), romelsac mecnieri ase iazrebs 

_ àr 

aris qveKanaze 

(msgav 

msgavsi 

si)~ (`Нет в мире (подобной~) 

da samives ganixilavs rogorc epiTetur saxelebs (n. mari 

saxelad نيست اندر جھان (nisT andar 

dar(e) Jehan 

han)-i iKo~ (a. yuluxaZe 

2008: 217). 

davubrundeT isev niko mars, romlis interpretaciiT 

nesT andar 

dar(e) Jehan 

han)-is mniSvnelobaa _ ar aris 

qveKanaze 

(msgav 

msgavsi 

si). 

Cven araferi gvaqvs sakamaTo am axsnasTan dakavSirebiT, 

(nesT نست اندر جھان 

1964: 83). 

nestan 

tan-da 

dare 

reJa 

Janis 

irgvliv arsebuli samecniero literatura 

axali masalebiT gaamdidra aleqsandre yuluxaZem. man 

moiKvana metad mniSvnelovani magaliTi arabuli wKarodan _ 

emad ed-din isfahanelis `selCukTa istoria~ (XIs.), sadac pirdapir 

aris miTiTebuli, rom nesT andar 

dar(e) Jehan 

han-i aris saku- 

Tari saxeli: _ `masudis deda, qali Zvirfasi keTilSobili, 

mxolod davumatebdiT, rom _ نست اندر جھان (nesT 

andar 

dar(e) Je- 

han)-i SeiZleba Semdegi semantikuri datvirTvis matarebelic 

iKos _ ar aris amqveKana 

qveKanaze 

anu _ araam 

amqveKni 

qveKniuri 

da masSi gaviazroT 

arama 

mate 

teri 

rialu 

luri 

samKaros mkvidris sakuTari saxelic. 

sakiTxs Tu am kuTxiT SevxedavT, saintereso Cans g. wereTlis 

mier Sua aziis folklorSi dadasturebuli qalis sakuTari 

saxeli _ `nes 

nestar 

tar-Je 

Jehan 

fari 

rizo 

zoda 

da~ (g. wereTeli 1938: 

1-2), sadac nestar 

tar-Je 

Jehar 

aris fonetikuri varianti nisT an- 

dar(e) Jeha 

hani 

nisa 

sa, xolo fari 

rizo 

zoda 

daiSleba ase _ fari 

zoda 

da, 

romelic sparsul-taJikurad niSnavs _ feriis anu arama 

mate 

te- 

rialu 

luri 

arsebis asuls پری)‏ spars. .fe 

feri 

ri, taJ. fari 

ri) _ fe- 

ria, (spars. زاده 

z‰de, ta/. zoda 

da) (z‰dan زادن _ 

z‰dan) Soba 

zmnis 

namKo drois mimGeoba _ Sobili. taJikurad gamoiTqmis fari 

ri- 

zoda 

(rubinCiki, 1983; taJikuri leqsikoni, 1969). 

amgvarad, SesaZlebelia, ) نست (nesT 

/nisT 

nisT/ an- 

dar(e) Jehan 

han)-Si vigulisxmoT rogorc mate 

teri 

rialu 

luri 

ri, ise ara- 

نيست)‏ اندر جھان 

23

mate 

teri 

rialu 

luri 

samKaros mkvidris saxeli. 

nestan 

tan-da 

dare 

reJa 

Jani 

`vefxistKaosnis~ gavleniT, rogorc lamazi 

da ykviani qalis saxeli, Sesulia qarTul folklorSic 

(l. kotaSvili 1985: 35). 

`vefxistKaosanSi~ nestan 

tan-da 

dare 

reJa 

Jani 

gvxvdeba Semoklebuli 

formiTac _ nestan 

tanJa 

Jari 

(S. rusTaveli 1966, str. 1549). 

aqve aGvniSnavT, rom qarTulSi nestan 

tan-da 

dare 

reJan 

Jan-idan 

miGebulia ori sakuTari saxeli _ nestan 

tan-i da dare 

reJan 

Jan-i. es 

ukanaskneli `vefxistKaosanSi~ zogJer enacvleba kidec nestan 

tan- 

dare 

reJans 

(S. rusTaveli srt. 1549). 

m a i a b a r i x a S v i l i 

nases 

sesxe 

xebi leqsi 

sika udiur ur enasa da 

ingi 

gilo 

lour dialeqt 

leqtSi 

saukuneebis manZilze grZeldeboda qarTuli enis ingilouri 

dialeqtisa da udiuri enis urTierToba azerbaiJanul 

enasTan. 

aGniSnul enasTan kontaqtma didi gavlena moaxdina ingilouri 

dialeqtisa da udiuri enis fonetikaze, morfologiaze, 

leqsikasa da sintaqsze. 

moxsenebaSi warmodgenilia udiur da ingilour teqsteb- 

Si moZiebuli saerTo leqsikuri erTeulebi. kerZod, arsebiTi 

saxelebi, romlebic ucvlelad an garkveuli fonetikuri cvlilebiT 

azerbaiJanuli enidan aris nasesxebi. aseTebia, magali- 

Tad: 

24 

ing. biG, ud. biG ùlvaSi~ (Sdr. azer. biG - ulvaSi) 

ing. elu _ micvalebuli, ud. el(muG) _ samSvinveli 

(Sdr. azer. elu – micvalebuli) 

ing. KuS _ Citi, ud. KuS _ arwivi (Sdr. azer. Kus_ Citi) 

ing. qoTuq, ud. qûTik `mori~ (Sdr. azer. qotϋk mori) 

kvlevis Sedegebi, TvalsaCinoebasTan erTad, warmodgenilia 

moxsenebaSi. 

T e a b u r y u l a Z e 

msazGvrel 

vrel-saz 

sazGvrulis adgilisaTvis 

saSual qarTulSi 

1. winadadebaSi gansazGvreba damokidebuli wevria. igi 

KovelTvis eqvemdebareba sazGvruls da gadmoscems mis raime 

niSans an Tvisebas. gansazGvrebis sintaqsur bunebas apirobebs 

sazGvrul sitKvasTan damokidebuleba. msazGvrel-sazGvrulis 

adgili winadadebaSi sxvadasxvaa. samecniero literaturaSi 

aGniSnaven, rom Zvel qarTulSi prepoziciuli wKoba yarbobs 

originalur ZeglebSi, postpoziciuri _ naTargmn ZeglebSi. 

asevea Tanamedrove qarTulSic. 

2. am TvalsazrisiT Znelia Tqma, Tu romeli wKoba yarbobs 

saSuali qarTulis enaSi. werilobiT ZeglebSi iseTive 

xSiria postpoziciuri wKoba, rogorc prepoziciuli. rogorc 

Cans, am drois literaturuli ena sintaqsuri urTierTobebis 

TvalsazrisiT ufro Tavisufalia. dGevandel samwerlobo ena- 

Si msazGvrel-sazGvrulis postpoziciuri wKoba umetesad poeziaSi 

gamoiKeneba, saSual qarTulSi ki prozaSic xSiria. 

3. am periodis qarTulis werilobiT ZeglebSi intensiurad 

gvxvdeba msazGvrel-sazGvrulis e.w. gaTiSuli, distanciuri 

wKobac.: `ra kari 

gaiGo cixi 

xisa 

sa, moabads qali xelTa misca~ 

(visr., gv. 36); `Tuca visi 

eseTi naxa nacar 

carsa 

zeda mJdo 

m 

do- 

mi, pirda 

daxo 

xoyili 

li, Tmadag 

dagle 

leJili 

li, niadag mtira 

rali 

li~ (visr., gv. 

44); `min 

mindo 

dori 

erTi dagvxvda metad didi 

da uzomi 

mi~ (amirandar., 

gv. 8); `sa 

saqo 

qonel 

nelsa 

hgvanda dama 

malul 

lulsa naoxarsa Sigan visi...~ 

(visr., gv. 95); ège Tqveni wesi 

aris saZa 

Zage 

geli 

da mosa 

saKiv 

iv- 

25

nebe 

beli 

li...~ (visr., gv. 18); `ganaxvna papa-mamurni saunJeni..., amcnebda, 

raTa orsa kecsa 

miscemdnen gaCe 

Ceni 

nili 

lisa 

sasa 

sa~ (cx. mef.- 

mef. Tam., gv. 396) 

aseTi sintaqsuri wKoba Zvelsa da axla qarTulSi iSviaTad 

gvxvdeba, araa damaxasiaTebeli aseve zepiri metKvelebisaTvis. sa- 

Suali qarTulis ena ki amis Tavisufal saSualebas iZleva. 

ukanasknelSi dil (`guli~) da arasTan (`damSveneba~) zmnis awmKo 

drois forma ara Seicnoba, xolo erTad dila 

lara 

`SeKvarebuls~ 

niSnavs. amgvarad dilar(a)duxts, SesaZloa, dularduxti moeca. 

dularduxtSi, iseve rogorc sxva am tipis saxelebSi, duxt mamakacis 

saxelzea darTuli. am TvalsazrisiT is garemoebacaa aGsaniSnavi, 

rom saxel dilaras dGesac atareben mamakacebi iranSi. 

S a l v a g a b e s k i r i a 

`ve 

vefxitKaos 

fxitKaosnis 

nis~ ori anTro 

Tropo 

poni 

nimis warmomav 

mavlo 

lobi 

bisa 

saTvis 

(ro 

rosa 

sani 

ni, dular 

lardux 

duxti 

ti) 

qarTulSi dadasturebuli islamamdeli periodis iranuli 

anTroponimebis Seswavlas, romelTa Soris moxsenebaSi warmodgenili 

saxelebic aris, didi mniSvneloba aqvs iranuli onomastikonis 

istoriis TvalsazrisiTac. 

1. qaJeTis mefis Zis saxeli rosa 

sani 

`naTlis~ aGmniSvnel 

iranul zedsarTavs unda ukavSirdebodes, romelic fonetikurad 

ufro axlosaa falaursa da klasikur sparsulSi cnobil 

rŒSan formaTan. misi gviandeli varianti rouSan rogorc mamakacis, 

aseve qalis saxeladØ cnobilia Tanamedrove iranul 

enebsa da aqedan Turquli modgmis xalxTa anTroponomikonSi. 

`vefxitKaosanSi~ roSan 

San-is nacvlad rosan 

formis povniereba 

Zvel qarTulSi piris saxelTa paraleluri formebis 

gamoKenebiT SeiZleba aixsnas. mag.: bibliis uZveles qarTul 

TargmanSi damowmebuli mamakacis saxeli darieli, magram rus- 

TvelTan tarieli. 

2. qaJeTis mefis dis saxel dular 

larduxt 

duxt-Si analogiuri 

warmoebis anTroponimebis (guranduxti, miranduxti, sagduxti, 

balenduxti da sxv.) msgavsad duxt (`qaliSvili~) gamoiKofa. kompozitis 

pirvel nawilSi piris saxeli dilara (etimologiurad 

`SeKvarebuli~, `momxiblavi~, `lamazi~) aris savaraudebeli. am 

26 

e l i s a b e d g a z d e l i a n i 

mravlo 

lobi 

biTi ricxvis 

-u, -i’du sufiq 

fiqse 

sebis 

Sesa 

saxeb svanur 

nurSi 

svanuri enis balszemour dialeqtSi mravlobiTi ricxvis 

mawarmoebel sxvadasxva niSanTa Soris gamoKofilia -u da - 

i’du sufiqsebi (T. SaraZeniZe). 

-u mr. ricxvis niSani saxelebSi, sxva niSnebTan SedarebiT 

iSviaTad ixmareba, magram met-naklebi sixSiriT dadasturda 

Kvela dialeqtSi. 

-u mr. ricxvis niSnad daerTvis martivfuZian saxelebs: 

patron 

`patroni~ patron 

ron-u `patronebi~; naGal `naTesavi~ 

naGal-u `naTesavebi~; merde 

`mKofi~ merde 

rde-u `mKofebi~. 

mr. ricxvis -u niSani ufro xSirad gvxvdeba zedsarTavebsa 

da mimGeobebSi, romlebic bolokidur poziciaSi Seicaven - 

r, -l sonantebs winamavali sxvadasxva xmovniT. es elementebi 

SeiZleba iKos: 

a) fuZis kuTvnileba lˆr `cocxali~ lâr-u `cocxlebi~; 

lˆdgr `micvalebuli~ lˆdgar-u 

`micvalebulebi~; 

lˆfkŠl `qalbatoni~ lˆfkŠl-u `qalbatonebi~... 

b) mravlobiTi ricxvis niSani bz. di `deda~, dil-ar 

ar-u 

`dedebi~; qun `suli~ qun-r 

r, qun-ar 

ar-u `sulebi~. bq. meCxfe 

`gamxdari~, meCxf-ol 

ol, meCxf-ol 

ol-u `gamxdrebi~ xoSa 

ùfrosi~ 

xoS-el 

el, xoS-el 

el-u ufrosebi. 

27

g) mqoneblobis aGmniSvneli sufiqsebi: mafeS 

`daGliloba~ 

mafS-’r 

`daGlili~, mafS-‰r 

‰r-u `daGlilebi~; mid `SimSili~ 

mid-’r 

`mSieri~, mid-‰r 

‰r-u `mSivrebi~; fuK… `CiKvi~ 

fuK…-‰r 

`CiKviani~, fuK…-‰r 

‰r-u `CiKvianebi~... 

-u's dairTavs - 

daboloebis mqone zedsarTavi saxelebi 

balszemourSi: ƒef- 

`kbenia~ ƒef-a-u `kbeniebi~, k…aCx- 

koyli 

k…aCx-a-u `koylebi~, gagd- 

`Kbedi~ gagd-a-u `Kbedebi~ zs. 

-u's gamoavlens -ian 

sufiqsiani saxelebic: codr-in 

`codvili~ 

codr-ian 

ian-u `codvilebi~; pilwin 

`bilwi~ pilw-ian 

ian-u 

`bilwebi~. 

balszemourSi arsebuli Zalian iSviaTad xmarebuli mr. 

ricxvis -i’du 

niSani, qvemosvanur dialeqtebSic dadasturda. 

lSx. -iŠdu 

lnt. -ie 

iedu 

formiT. oriode saxelTan balsqvemourSi 

-edu 

variantic Segvxvda. bq. mˆkeT `mokeTe~, mˆkT-edu 

`mokeTeebi~; lSx. naGal `naTesavi~ naGl-iŠdu 

`naTesavebi~, 

pil `napiri, tuCi~ pil-iŠdu 

iŠdu `napirebi~; lnt. vezir 

`veziri~ 

vezr-ie 

iedu 

`vezirebi~. 

samecniero literaturaSi aGniSnulia, rom `Giad rCeba 

-u'si da -u'Ti warmoebuli mravlobiTi ricxvis sakiTxi~ (T. 

SaraZeniZe). 

vfiqrobT dasaSvebia -u mr. ricxvis niSani davukavSiroT 

igive mniSvnelobis mqone -i’du 

i’du, iŠdu sufiqss, romlis gamartivebiT 

miviGeT -u (iŠdu 

> i’du > edu > u). 

e l e n e g i u n a S v i l i 

saSualo sparsuli geografiuli terminologiis 

kvlevis sakiTxebisaTvis qarTul wKaroebSi 

w 

islamamdeli iranisa da qarTlis (iberiis) samefos istoriul-kulturul 

urTierTobebs mravalsaukunovani tradicia 

aqvs. 

28 

es mimarTebebi gansakuTrebiT mravalmxrivi da mniSvnelovani 

xdeba sasanelTa mmarTvelobis xanaSi (III-VII ss. Cv.w.). sasanuri 

iranis Grma gavlenam qarTul civilizaciaze saTanado 

asaxva hpova im drois (iseve rogorc gviandeli periodis) qar- 

Tul suliersa da materialur kulturaSi. 

am TvalsazrisiT, metad mniSvnelovania sasanelTa imperiis 

oficialuri, religiuri da saliteraturo enis-saSualo 

sparsulis fenomeni saqarTveloSi (ix. J.Gippert, Zum Status des 

Mittelpersischen im südlich Kaukasus, Proceedings of the conference “Bilingualism 

in Iranian Cultures”, Bamberg 1992). 

qarTul werilobiT ZeglebSi gamovlenilia saSualo 

sparsuli leqsikis mravalricxovani da mravalferovani nimuSebi, 

romlebic SeTvisebuli iKo iranelebTan uSualo da intensiuri 

kontaqtebis Sedegad, wignuri an zepiri gziT. maT sistemur 

gamokvlevas mieZGvna Jer m. andronikaSvilis monografiis 

erT-erTi Tavi (`na 

narkve 

rkveve 

vevi vi iranul 

nul-qar 

qarTu 

Tuli enobri 

rivi 

urTi 

Tier 

erTo 

Tobi 

bidan 

dan~, 1966, gv. 279-417), xolo Semdeg _ i. gipertis 

mTeli naSromi (Iranica Armeno-Iberica.Studien zu den iranischen 

Lehnwörtern im Armenischen und Georgischen, Wien, 1993). 

saSualo sparsul-qarTuli enobrivi interferenciisa da 

zogadad, iran-saqarTvelos kulturul-istoriul urTierTobaTa 

Grma kvlevisaTvis, arsebiTia iranuli onomastikis (sakuTriv 

toponimikis) safuZvliani Seswavla. Zvel qarTul agiografiul 

Zeglebsa da qarTul istoriul wKaroebSi dasturdeba 

saSualo sparsuli geografiuli terminebis saintereso 

nimuSebi. zogierTi maTgani ganxiluli iKo m. andronikaSvilis 

erT-erT adrindel publikaciaSi. 

iranul enaTa istoriuli gramatikisa da dialeqtologiis, 

aseve qarTvelologiuri kvlevebis Tanamedrove done am sakiTxebis 

axleburi gaazrebisa da gansxvavebuli interpretaciis 

saTanado safuZvels qmnis. 

moxsenebaSi warmodgenilia ramdenime saSualo sparsuli 

geografiuli terminis (rogoricaa, arSa 

Sake 

keTi 

Ti, ganZa 

Zaki 

ki, daru 

ruban 

ban- 

di, dari 

riala 

lani 

ni, gurge 

geni 

ni, ialbu 

buzi 

zi, sabas 

basta 

tani 

ni) distribuciuli, 

semantikuri da istoriul-etimologiuri analizi. 

29

g i o r g i g o g o l a S v i l i 

zmniswi 

wini da dro-ki 

kilo 

loTa siste 

tema 

(ramdenime faqti da ramdenime kiTxva) 

*** 

akaki SaniZem gamoKo mKofadis wre, romelSic sami mwkrivi 

Sevida (mKofadi, xolmeobiTi da mKofadis kavSirebiTi). mKofadis 

wris mwkrivebs awmKos wris mwkrivebisagan ZiriTadad 

zmniswini ganasxvavebs. mKofadis wris mwkrivTa niSnad am SemTxvevaSi 

zmniswini cxaddeba. mKofadisa da awmKos SemTxvevaSi 

zmniswini (ZiriTadad) dros ganasxvavebs: 

wer-s (awmKo dro) _ da-wer 

wer-s (momavali dro). 

ra funqcia akisria zmniswins sxva mwkrivTa dapirispirebisas?: 

werd-a _ 

da-werd 

werd-a, 

werde 

de-s _ da-wer 

werde 

de-s... 

am SemTxvevebSi sxvaobs aspeqti; 

aspeqti ki ar aris `mwkrivis kategoria~. aseT SemTxvevaSi 

an mwkrivTa SedgenilobaSi unda SevitanoT koreqtivi, an 

mwkrivis gansazGvraSi (mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs a. SaniZis moZGvreba)... 

*** 

Tu warmodgenil or wKvil mwkrivs Soris sxvaobas qmnis 

zmniswini, zustad iseTive sxvaobis mqone II da III seriis zmniswiniani 

da uzmniswino formebi ratom ar aris damoukidebeli 

mwkrivebi? _ am kiTxvaze pasuxi ar Cans. 

*** 

qmnis Tu ara problemas is, rom erTsa da imave zmnasTan 

mKofadis wreSi gamoiKeneba ramdenime zmniswini? vTqvaT wer 

zmnis `mKofadis `niSania~ a, aG, da, Ca, amo, gada, gamo, ga, 

gadmo, garda, mi, mo, Se, Semo, Camo, wa; Tes zmnisa gamo, gan, 

Se, da, Ca, mi, mo... es variantebi alomorfebia? _ ver vxedavT 

logikas... 

*** 

30 

awmKos mniSvneloba rom aqvs zmniswinian formebs (aGwers 

aGwers, 

waradgens 

gens... 

...), am SemTxvevaSi zmniswini aGar aris mKofadis ni- 

Sani? romeli mwkrivis formebia? alogikuri gveCveneba msJeloba: 

Tu zmniswiniani varianti drois mixedviT awmKoa, awmKos 

mwkrivis formad unda miviCnioT, Tu momavali drois mniSvneloba 

aqvs, mKofadis mwkrivis formaao. aseTive kvalifikacia 

unda mieces maSin uzmniswino formebs, Tu mas erT SemTxvevaSi 

axlandeli drois gageba aqvs (zis da yams), sxva SemTxvevaSi _ 

momavali droisa (mova da yams). ra gamovida: 

awmKos mwkrivi mKofadis mwkrivi 

aGwers aGwers 

yams yams 

es aGaraa morfologia... 

*** 

dialeqtologiur literaturaSi saubaria mTis dialeteb- 

Si I xolmeobiTze (ake 

akeTeb 

Tebdis 

dis...). Tu I seriaSi Tanamedrove qar- 

TulSi ori wrea, ratom ar gamoKofen or mwkrivs am dialeqtebSi 

_ akeTeb 

Tebdis 

dis-ga 

gaake 

keTeb 

Tebdis 

dis? zmniswinian da uzmniswino 

formaTa erTi mwkrivisanebad miCneva xom arGvevs sistemas? 

*** 

awmKo-mKofadis dapirispireba (wers _ dawers) Tu mwkriv- 

Ta dapirispirebaa morfologiurad da zmniswinia mwkrivis ni- 

Sani, ra xdeba saSuali gvaris zmnebSi? TamaSobs _ iTamaSebs, 

daraJobs _ udaraJebs, dgas _ idgeba, Girs _ eGireba da misTanani 

morfologiurad erTi paradigmis wevrebi arian? 

`mwkrivis niSnebad ra unda miviCnioT? 

*** 

arsebuli moZGvrebebiT (a. SaniZe, arn. Ciqobava) awmKos mimarTeba 

mKofadTan iseTivea (mwkrivisa mwkrivTan), rogorc 

awmKosi uwKvetelTan (an I kavSirebiTTan) (erTi paradigmis 

wevrebi arian): 

akeTeb 

Teb-s _ ga-ake 

akeTeb 

Teb-s (Se 

Se-ake 

akeTeb 

Teb-s, gada-ake 

akeTeb 

Teb-s...); 

akeTeb 

Teb-d-a; 

akeTeb 

Teb-d-e-s. 

31

akeTebs 

Tebs, gaake 

keTebs 

Tebs, Seake 

keTebs 

Tebs, gadaake 

keTebs 

da misTanani 

iTvleba damoukidebel saleqsikono erTeulebad. akeTebs 

Tebs, ake- 

Tebda 

da, akeTeb 

Tebdes 

_ ar iTvleba sxvadasxva saleqsikono erTeulebad; 

ratom? Tu sxvadasxva saleqsikono erTeulebia, ratom 

iTvleba erTi da imave zmnis sxvadasxva mwkrivis formebad. 

*** 

ra mniSvnelobasac aniyebs zmniswini zmnas xolmeobiTsa Tu 

mKofadis kavSirebiTSi, igive mniSvneloba aqvs mas saxelzmnur 

formebSic. niSnavs Tu ara es imas, rom zmniswini ar SeiZleba 

CaiTvalos mwkrivis niSnad? 

Cveni azriT, Kvela kiTxvaze pasuxi erTia: gadasa 

sasin 

sinJia 

mwkrivTa raode 

deno 

nobis saki 

kiTxi 

Txi. 

t a r i e l g u r g e n i Z e 

zogi ram inklu 

kluziv 

ziv-eq 

eqsklu 

skluzi 

zivis kate 

tego 

gori 

riis is Sesa 

saxeb 

inkluziv-eqskluzivis kategoriis warmoSobis da ricxvis 

kategoriasTan misi mimarTebis Sesaxeb gansxvavebuli Tvalsazrisebi 

arsebobs. 

q. lomTaTiZe varaudobs, rom in/ex-is garCeva svanuri zmnis 

sistemaSi dakavSirebuli unda iKos saurTierTo kategorias- 

Tan (kerZod, mis saTanao SinaarsTan) (lomTaTiZe 1961:212). 

analogiuri mosazreba in/ex-is da saurTierTo kategoriebis 

mimarT zogadad gamoTqmuli aqvs p. forxhaimers (forxhaimeri 

1953: 132-135). 

g. klimovi Tvlis, rom in/ex-is kategoria principulad gansxvavdeba 

ricxvis kategoriisagan. am debulebas avtori ase asabuTebs: 

Jer erTi, in/ex-is kategoria axdens ricxvis kategoriis 

mimarT diferencirebul formaTa konkretizacias specialur 

planSi (es iqidan gamomdinareobs, rom in/ex-is kategoria 

32 

ganirCeva ara marto mravlobiT ricxvSi, aramed orobiT da samobiT 

ricxvSic); meorec is, rom in/ex-is kategoria saxezea im 

enebSi, romlebsac ar gaaCniaT ricxvis morfologiuri kategoria 

(klimovi 1981:30). CvenTvis miuGebelia am debulebis dasabuTebis 

orive argumenti. 

gansxvavebul kategoriebad miiCneven in/ex-s da ricxvs sxva 

avtorebic: v. Tofuria (Tofuria 1967), a. oniani (oniani 

1978: 96), d. meliqiSvili (meliqiSvili 1977). 

arn. Ciqobavas varaudiT in/ex-isa da mravlobiTobis kategoria 

erTia (Ciqobava 1946: 100). Cven viziarebT am mosazrebas. 

e. benvenists miaCnia, rom ar aris sakmarisi vuwodoT pirveli 

piris mravlobiTi ricxvis gansxvavebul formebs ìnkluziuri~ 

da eqskluziuri~. termini gulisxmobs `Tqven~ elementis 

CarTvas an gamoricxvas, magram ìsini~ elementis mimarT 

aGniSvna swored rom Sebrunebuli iqneboda, Tumca Znelia moiZebnos 

ufro Sesaferisi terminio (benvenisti 1974: 267). 

vfiqrobT, rom TavisTavad saintereso mosazrebaa, magram am SemTxvevaSi 

SeuZlebelia orwevraelementebiani ìnkluziuri~ da 

èqskuluziuri~ formebis miGeba. Tu benvenistis msJelobaSi 

`Tqven~ da ìsini~ elementebs CavanacvlebT Sesabamisad `Sen~ 

da ìs~ elementebiT, maSin orwevraelementebiani simravlis SemTxvevaSi 

benvenistis msJeloba ZalaSi darCeba, magram samwevraelementebiani 

simravlis SemTxvevaSi igi winaaGmdegobaSi mova 

realur enobriv monacemebTan. 

Jon laionzi SesaZleblad miiCnevs gamiJnos erTmaneTisagan 

ìnkluziuri~ da èqskluziuri~ xmareba meore piris mravlobiTi 

ricxvisa (avtorisave sitKvebiT, ìnkluziuri~ vs. eqskluziuri 

terminebis ramdenadme gansxvavebuli azriT, vidre es 

gvaqvs `pirveli piris mravlobiT ricxvTan~). èqskluziuri~ 

ganekuTvneba mxolod msmenels an msmenelebs, xolo ìnkluziuri~ 

miemarTeba erTdroulad msmenels an msmenelebs sxva pir- 

Tan an pirebTan erTianobaSi (laionzi 1978: 293-4). aq sayiroa 

imis dazusteba, rom es sxva piri (an pirebi) ar SeiZleba iKos 

33

pirveli (anu, molaparake) piri, aramed mxolod mesame pirs (an 

pirebs) SeuZlia mogvevlinos am rolSi. 

n. sokolovskaiasTan gamoKenebulia termini ìnkluziuri 

Tqven~ (Sen & is) x≥2 (Tumca amis sapirispirod aqve ar gvxvdeba 

termini èqskluziuri Tqven~). imave avtorTan gvxvdeba termini 

`superinkluziuri Cven~ (me & Sen & is) x≥3 , romelsac upirispirdeba 

terminebi ìnkluziuri Cven~ (me & Sen) x≥2 da èqskluziuri 

Cven~ (me & is) x≥2 (sokolovskaia 1980: 92-94). x≥2 

niSnavs, rom gvaqvs minimum orwevraelementebiani simravle, xolo 

x≥3 niSnavs, rom gvaqvs minimum samwevraelementebiani simravle. 

u. Ceifis gansazGvriT, meore piri aris erTi an ufro meti 

pirisagan Semdgari Jgufi, romelic, sul mcire, msmenels 

mainc Seicavs, magram gamoricxavs molaparakes, xolo pirveli 

piri aris erTi an ufro meti pirisgan Semdgari Jgufi, romelic 

Seicavs, sul mcire, molaparakes mainc. im enebisaTvis, 

romlebSic pirveli piris mravlobiT ricxvSi ganirCeva inkluziuri 

da eqskluziuri formebi, u. Ceifi pirvel pirs ramdenadme 

gansxvavebulad gansazGvravs: pirveli piri aris erTi an 

ufro meti pirisgan Semdgari Jgufi, romelic, sul mcire, molaparakes 

mainc Seicavs, magram gamoricxavs msmenels. es TiTqmis 

sarkiseburi anareklia meore piris gansazGvrisa, romelic 

zemoT iKo moKvanili. am tipis enebSi arsebobs damatebiTi semantikuri 

erTeuli, romelsac u. Ceifi uwodebs inkluzivs da 

mas ase gansazGvravs: inkluzivi aris ori an ufro meti pirisagan 

Semdgari Jgufi, romelic Seicavs, sul cota, molaparakesa 

da msmenels mainc (Ceifi 1975: 315). avtori ar iZleva èqskuluzivis~ 

gansazGvras, magram Tu gaviTvaliswinebT mis mier 

pirveli piris gansxvavebul gansazGvras, maSin gamodis, rom 

pirveli piri da èqskluzivi~ erTi da igivea, roca gvaqvs minimum 

orwevraelementebiani simravle. 

lingvistur terminTa leqsikonSi j. maruzo am terminebs 

ase ganmartavs: inkluziuria mravlobiT ricxvSi mdgari pirveli 

piri, romelsac zog enaSi iseTi gansakuTrebuli forma ga- 

34 

aCnia, romlis arsebobis drosac `Cven~ tipis koleqtivi molaparakesTan 

an molaparakeebTan erTad gulisxmobs mas an maT, 

visac mimarTaven. mravlobiT ricxvSi mdgar pirvel pirs ewodeba 

eqskluziuri im enebSi, sadac `Cven~ tipis nacvalsaxeliT 

aGniSnul pirTa JgufSi ar aris CarTuli mimarTvis adresati: 

`Cven, Tqveni gamoklebiT~ (maruzo 1960: 122, 342). 

o. axmanova lingvistur terminTa leqsikonSi am terminebisTvis 

aseT gansazGvras gvTavazobs: inkluziuri piri aris 

pirveli piris mravlobiTi ricxvis forma, romelic aGniSnavs 

rogorc molaparakes (molaparakeebs), agreTve imaT, visac mimarTaven. 

eqskluziuri piri aris pirveli piris mravlobiTi 

ricxvis iseTi formis gamoKeneba, romelic aGniSnavs mxolod 

molaparakeebs (e. i. gamoricxavs imaT, visac mimarTaven (axmanova 

1966: 220-1, 173). 

am leqsikonebis avtorebi uSveben erTze meti molaparake 

piris (anu, molaparakeebis) arsebobas, rac miuGeblad migvaCnia, 

vinaidan `normalur~ sametKvelo aqtSi erTze meti molaparake 

piris arseboba dauSvebelia. vfiqrobT, aman ganapiroba 

is, rom o. axmanova eqskluziur pirSi mxolod molaparakeebs 

gulisxmobs! anda, molaparake (anu, pirvel) pirTan erTad gaerTianebuli 

mesame piri (pirebi) ganixileba rogorc molaparake, 

rac dauSvebelia. orive avtoris mier inkluzivis gansazGvraSi 

ar rCeba adgili kombinaciebisaTvis, romlebSic pirvel 

da meore pirTan SesaZlebelia mesame piric iKos gaerTianebuli. 

a. SaniZe Semdegnairad ganmartavs am terminebs: `Cven~ 

sitKvis gageba SeiZleba ornairi iKos: a) molaparake adamiani 

amiT aGniSnavs Tavis Tavs da agreTve imas an imaT, visTanac saubari 

aqvs. am SemTxvevaSi `Cven~ sitKva mniSvnelobiT igivea, 

rac `me da Sen~, an `me da Tqven~. es aris inkluziuri `Cven~. 

b) molaparake adamiani amiT aGniSnavs Tavis Tavsa da sxvas (an 

sxvebs) imis gamoklebiT (an imaT gamoklebiT), visac esaubreba. 

am SemTxvevaSi `Cven~ sitKva mniSvnelobiT igivea, rac `me da 

is~, an `me da isini~. es aris eqskluziuri `Cven~. 

35

ìnkluzivis~ a. SaniZiseul gansazGvraSi ar rCeba adgili 

im kombinaciebisTvis, romlebSic pirvel da meore pirTan SesaZlebelia 

mesame piric iKos gaerTianebuli. amas adasturebs 

`Tqven~ sitKvis gansazGvra imave avtorisa: `Tqven~ am sitKviT 

molaparake adamiani Cveulebriv aGniSnavs or pirs an mets, 

romelTac saubris dros Kvelas mimarTavs. TiToeuli maTganisTvis 

cal-calke mimarTvisas `Sen~ sitKva unda ixmaros (SaniZe 

1973: 41-42). mogvianebiT a. SaniZe ganmartavs, rom inkluziur 

formaSi CarTulia me-2 piri da amorTulia me-3, xolo 

eqskluziurSi CarTulia me-3 piri da amorTulia me-2 (SaniZe 

1976: 65). 

r. asaTianis azriT inkluziv-eqskluzivis gramatikuli kategoriis 

arseboba imaze migvaniSnebs, rom gramatikulad gansxvavebulia 

simravle, sadac mxolod komunikaciis aqtSi monawile 

`metKveli~ _ `msmeneli~ (resp. I/II ) pirebi erTiandebian 

(inkluzivi), im simravlisagan, sadac `metKvel~ pirTan erTad 

gamoricxulia, ar erTiandeba msmeneli (II piri) (eqskluzivi) 

(asaTiani 1994: 42). sitKva mxolod 

lod, romelic inkluzivis am 

ganmartebaSia gamoKenebuli, gamoricxavs kombinaciebs, romleb- 

Sic pirvel da meore pirTan SesaZlebelia mesame piric iKos 

gaerTianebuli. 

arn. Ciqobava ase ganmartavs am terminebs: Tu `Cven~ gamoricxavs 

meore pirs, mas ewodeba eqsklu 

skluzi 

zivi 

(laTin. `gamoricxviTi~), 

Tu meore pirs ar gamoricxavs, inklu 

kluzivs 

etKvian 

(ìnkluzivi~ _ `CaricxviTi~). misive azriT ìnkluziuri da 

eqskuluziuri mravlobiTis arseboba kvlav im debulebas asabuTebs, 

rom mxolobiTidan mravlobiTze gadasvla gaSuamavlebuli 

iKo konkretuli saxis mravlobiTebiT; am konkretizaciisagan 

Tavisufali mravlobiTi ganviTarebis Semdgomi safexuria 

(Ciqobava 1939: 140). 

i. melCukis azriT eqskluziurobis kategoria Sedgeba ori 

gramemebisagan: eqskluzivi ∼ inkluzivi. gamoiKeneba mxolod I 

(gacilebiT iSviaTad II) piris mimarT (magram ara mxolod mravlobiT 

ricxvSi, rasac xSirad amtkiceben) (melCuki 1998: 204): 

36 

`me eqskluziuri~ = ùbralod me~; 

`me inkluziuri~ = `me da Sen, da aravin sxva~; 

`Cven eqskluziuri~ = `me da viGac sxva, magram ara 

Sen/Tqven~; 

`Cven inkluziuri~ = `me da Cven da Sen/Tqven~; 

`Sen eqskluziuri~ = ùbralod Sen~; 

`Sen inkluziuri~ = `Sen da is~; 

`Tqven eqskluziuri~ = `Tqven, visac mivmarTav da aravin 

sxva vinme~; 

`Tqven inkluziuri~ = `Tqven da sxvebi~. 

gansaxilvel sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli sakuTari mosazrebebi 

ZiriTadad or naSromSi gvaqvs warmodgenili: (gurgeniZe 

1984: 114-129), (gurgeniZe 1999: 16-20). 

n i n o d o l i Z e 

guru 

ruli dialeq 

leqti sxvadas 

dasxva janris teqsteb 

stebSi 

gurulebi arian èna tkbil-moubareni, umetes wignis 

sitKviT, mesxTa-ebr, aramed qarTulisave enisani da ara sxvisa~ 

(vaxuSti, `geografiuli aGwera saqarTveloisa~, gv.420). maSasadame, 

gurulebi mesxebiviT saliteraturo eniT laparakoben 

umetesado, _ brZanebda batoniSvili XVIII saukuneSi. ra xdeba 

dGes? 

teqstebis adrindeli publikaciebisa da Cven mier ozurge- 

Tis raionSi Cawerili masalebis mixedviT, gurulebi sulac ar 

laparakoben saliteraturo eniT, miT umetes mesxebiviT. SedarebiT 

mkvidrad amgvari qarTuli SemorCenilia saqarTvelos 

sxvadasxva kuTxeebidan gavrcelebuli xalxuri simGerebisa da 

locvebis enaSi, romelebic interdialeqturi xasiaTisaa. 

37

magaliTad: `Cven viKaviT samni Zmani same 

mebi 

bisa Zali 

lisa 

sani 

ni~ 

(jGenti, 1936:218; teqsti Cawerilia CoxataurSi, sofel xidis- 

TavSi). 

dGes arc zemo da arc qvemogurul cocxal metKvelebaSi 

nariani mravlobiTis formebi aGarsad ixmareba, magram 

leqsTwKobis arqiteqtonikam isini aqamde Semogvinaxa. 

igive situaciaa emfatikur xmovnebTan dakavSirebiTac: 

`nurc momyri Tmasa alisa 

sasa 

sa, nurc momtex wivsa 

yiqi 

qisa 

sasa 

sa~ (iqve). 

ùjmuris locvaSi~ iseTi saliteraturo qarTulia fiqsirebuli, 

rom saqarTvelos Kvela kuTxis warmomadgenels Se- 

Surdeba: 

ìm dawKevlilma eSmakma ra saqme qna saZageli! 

JoJoxeTi aaSena, ZnelaT mosabrunebeli~ (iqve, gv.186), 

magram Semdeg am striqonebs mosdevs guruli dialeqtis- 

Tvis damaxasiaTebeli fonetikuri procesebis Semcvleli leqsika 

Tu gramatikuli formebi: èso 

(anlauturi fonemis dakargva) 

qristem SuuT 

uTva 

vala 

(xmovanTa sruli asimilacia), mec 

maqeT var mosas 

sasle 

leli 

li (v Tanxmovnis dakargva inlautSi), ise 

gagixTi (< ga-g-i-xd 

xd-i, d Tanxmovnis daKrueba x-s momdevno 

poziciaSi) JoJoxeTs, aGar qondes (< h-qon 

qon-d-e-s, iribi obieqturi 

piris h- prefiqsis ugulvebelKofa) safuZveli~ (iqve). 

zogierTi locvis teqsti imdenad Zvelia, rom igi ucvlelad 

gadadis saqarTvelos erTi kuTxidan meoreSi an erTi Taobidan-momdevno 

TaobebSi. aqa-iq Tu gamoCndeba adgilobrivi 

dialeqtisTvis damaxasiaTebeli morfonologiuri monacemebi: 

`gulo, gulis alagas! gulo, ram SegaSina! 

gulo, dedam SegaSina! gulo, mamam SegaSina! 

gulo, Sinaurma SegaSina! S…aGame 

aGameze 

Sege 

geSi 

Sina 

na` 

(iqve, `mavneblis locva~) 

kidev ufro arqaulia iseTi teqstebi, sadac sruliad 

ucxoa ama Tu im leqsemis semantika Tanamedrove qarTvelisa- 

Tvis, romlisTvisac SeiZleba mxolod erTi an ori sitKvis 

mniSvneloba iKos gasagebi: 

38 

àwi vari, TaviT, spadu, Sterdi, verTa vacli, 

aubi, katoli, crici, rpoli, cric, zaperi, sva, 

dacva, Cama, Tisa , qezeplu, peru, aqlouni,mawi, 

SoSka, cexli, Kpezeni, paklaniko.~ 

(iqve, ,,moJadoebulis locva~). 

bunebrivia, SemlocvelTa mcdeloba, rac SeiZleba bundovani 

KofiliKo teqsti misi magiurobis xarisxis asamaGleblad, 

raTa Cveulebriv mokvdavTaTvis igi miuwvdomeli (gaugebari) 

gamxdariKo. 

specialuri literaturidan karga xania cnobilia, rom 

xSirad Tanamedrove cocxali metKveleba ufro met siZveles 

warmogvidgens, vidre ramdenime aTasi wlis mwerlobis mqone 

enebi (niko mari). swored am debulebis ilustraciaa gurul 

dialeqtze Cawerili simGerebisa da Selocvebis ena. 

T a m a r v a S a k i Z e 

marti 

tivi wina 

nada 

dade 

debis sintaq 

taqsu 

suri meqa 

qaniz 

nizmi 

misa 

saTvis 

Tana 

named 

medro 

rove qarTul 

TulSi 

Tanamedrove qarTulSi martivi winadadebis sintaqsuri 

meqanizmis axsna sayiroebs ori umTavresi sakiTxis analizs: a) 

rogor imarTvis zmna saxelebis (morfologiuri subieqtisa da 

morfologiuri obieqtebis) mier da b) rogor marTavs Tavad 

zmna masTan dakavSirebul saxelebs (morfologiur subieqtsa 

da morfologiur obieqtebs). 

Tanamedrove qarTulSi (iseve rogorc ZvelSi) gamoiKofa 

saxelisa da zmnis SesitKvebaTa eqvsi tipi: 1. relatiur-gardamavalzmniani 

(roca zmnasTan dakavSirebulia sami saxeli: uSe- 

nebs mama Svils saxls...); 2. relatiur-gardamavalzmniani (roca 

zmnasTan dakavSirebulia ori saxeli: aSenebs kaci saxls 

xls...); 

3. relatiur-medioaqtivzmniani (hpat 

hpatro 

ronobs mama Svils...); 4. 

39

elatiur-gardauvalzmniani (ema 

emale 

leba Svili mamas 

mas...); 5. absolutur-medioaqtivzmniani 

(cxov 

cxovrobs kaci 

ci...) da 6. absolutur-gardauvalzmniani 

(ima 

imale 

leba kaci 

ci...). eqvsive SemTxvevaSi 

zmna marTulia saxelebis mier pirSi da SeTanxmebulia maTTan 

ricxvis mixedviT (realurad an potenciurad). rac Seexeba 

zmnis mier saxelTa marTvas, am mxriv gansxvavebuli viTareba 

gvaqvs: pirvel SemTxvevaSi (uSe 

uSenebs mama Svils saxls...) zmna 

marTavs morfologiur subiqtsa da brunvacvalebad morfologiur 

obieqts sxvadasxva brunvis formiT rogorc erTi seriis 

farglebSi (I seria: MS _ saxelobiT brunvaSi, xolo MO _ 

micemiTSi: uSenebs mama saxls...), aseve _ dro-kiloTa Jgufebis 

mixedviT (Sdr. II seria: MS – moTxrobiTSi, MO _ saxelobiTSi: 

auSe 

Sena mamam saxli 

xli...), brunvaucvleli morfologiuri 

obieqti ki Kvela SemTxvevaSi micemiTi brunvis formiT aris 

warmodgenili (I seria: uSenebs Svils, II seria: auSe 

Sena 

Svils...); meore SemTxvevaSi (aSe 

aSenebs kaci saxls...) zmna orive 

saxels (morfologiur subieqtsa da morfologiur obieqts) 

marTavs sxvadasxva brunvis formiT rogorc erTi seriis, ise 

dro-kiloTa Jgufebis mixedviT (I seria: MS _saxelobiTSi, 

MO _ micemiTSi: aSenebs kaci saxls; II seria: MS _ moTxrobiTSi, 

MO _ saxelobiTSi: aSena kacma saxli 

xli...); mesame SemTxvevaSi 

(hpat 

hpatro 

ronobs mama Svils...) morfologiuri subieqti zmnisagan 

marTulia dro-kiloTa I seriis mwkrivebSi saxelobiTi 

brunvis formiT (hpat 

hpatro 

ronobs mama 

ma...), xolo II seriis nakvTebSi 

_ moTxrobiTiT (upat 

upatro 

rona mamam 

mam...), morfologiuri obieqti 

ki Kvela SemTxvevaSi micemiTi brunvis formiT warmogvidgeba (I 

seria: hpatro 

ronobs Svils..., II seria: upatro 

rona Svils); meoTxe 

SemTxvevaSi (ema 

emale 

leba Svili mamas 

mas...) zmna morfologiur subieqts 

mxolod saxelobiTi brunvis formiT marTavs (I seria: 

emale 

leba Svili 

li..., II seria: daema 

mala Svili 

li...), xolo morfologiur 

obieqts _ micemiTiT (I seria: emale 

leba Svils..., II seria: 

daema 

mala Svils...); mexuTe SemTxvevaSi (cxov 

cxovrobs kaci 

ci...) morfologiuri 

subieqti zmnisagan marTulia dro-kiloTa Jgufebis 

mixedviT (I seria: cxovrobs kaci 

ci..., II seria: icxovra kac- 

40 

ma...), xolo meeqvse SemTxvevaSi (ima 

imale 

leba kaci 

ci...) zmna mxolod 

erTi brunvis formiT (saxelobiTiT) marTavs masTan dakavSirebul 

morfologiur subieqts (I seria: imale 

leba kaci 

ci..., II seria: 

daima 

mala kaci 

ci...). 

zemoTqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT, SeiZleba gamoiKos zmnis 

mier saxelTa marTvis ramdenime tipi: a) Zlieri marTva 

(roca 

saxeli Tu saxelebi zmnisagan marTulia sxvadasxva brunvaSi 

dro-kiloTa Jgufebis mixedviT: aSenebs kaci saxls, aSena kac- 

ma saxli 

xli...); b) susti marTva 

(roca zmna sxvadasxva brunvis 

formiT marTavs masTan dakavSirebul morfologiur subieqtsa 

da morfologiur obieqts, magram es ukanasknelni brunvas ar 

icvlian dro-kiloTa Jgufebis mixedviT: emale 

leba Svili ma- 

mas..., daema 

mala Svili mamas 

mas...); g) nulsa 

safe 

fexu 

xureb 

rebri 

rivi marTva 

(roca zmnasTan dakavSirebuli morfologiuri subieqti saxelobiTi 

brunvis formiT warmogvidgeba Kvela SemTxvevaSi (ima 

ima- 

leba kaci 

ci..., daima 

mala kaci 

ci...). 

r o m a n l o l u a 

alba 

banu 

nuri leqci 

ciona 

naris amoki 

kiTxvi 

Txvisa 

saTvis 

albanuri leqcionaris aGmoCena 1995 wlis noember-dekembriT 

TariGdeba. im droidan moKolebuli dGemde grZeldeba 

muSaoba mis amokiTxvaze. 

2003 wels gamoqveKnda z. aleqsiZis monografia `kavkasiis 

albaneTis damwerloba, ena da mwerloba~, romelic albanuri 

leqcionaris Sesaxeb winaswar SeniSvnebs Seicavs. avtori 

aGniSnavs: `dGeisaTvis met-naklebi sisruliT amokiTxulia albanuri 

`leqcionaris~ 40-mde sakiTxavis saTauri da identificirebulia 

14 sakiTxavi. TiToeuli sakiTxavidan JerJerobiT 

zustad dadgenilia mxolod ramdenime muxlis SesatKvisi qar- 

Tul, somxur, berZnul da sxva enebze~ (aleqsiZe 2003: 126). 

am monografiis gamoqveKnebis Semdeg, albanuri leqcionaris 

amokiTxvis saqmeSi CaerTvnen j._p. mae, i. giperti da v. 

41

Sulce, Tumca aqve unda aGiniSnos, rom dGemde am sakiTxis Sesaxeb 

raime xelSesaxebi Sedegi ar gamoqveKnebula. dGesdGeisobiT 

xelT gvaqvs mxolod aTamde sakiTxavis saTaurTa Targmani 

(aleqsiZe 2003: 132-133) da erTi amokiTxuli teqsti (II korin- 

TelTa 11, $ 24-27; N/Sin 13, 76r- 77v – Sulce, "Toward a History of 

Udi", eleqtronuli versia, 2005). 

wliuri Temis (àlbanuri da udiuri~) farglebSi davamu- 

SaveT arsebuli albanuri masala. met-naklebi sisruliT amoki- 

Txulia albanuri leqcionaris sakiTxavTa Semdegi muxlebi: 

efeselTa 5, $ 25-28 (N/Sin 13, 28v- 27r); I korinTelTa 12, $ 28- 

29 (N/Sin 13, 26r- 31v); saqme mociqulTa 12, $ 1-2 (N/Sin 13, 56v- 

57r); ebraelTa 11, $ 17-18 (N/Sin 13, 5r- 2v); maTe 17, $ 1-5 (N/Sin 

13, 13v- 10r); ebraelTa 3, $ 1-5 (N/Sin 55, 23r- 16v). 

aGsaniSnavia albanuri leqcionaris amokiTxvis sirTule. 

safiqrebelia, rom igi ar aris Targmnili romelime enaze arsebuli 

leqcionaridan, aramed Sedgenilia albanur enaze ukve 

Seqmnili bibliis wignebis safuZvelze, anu identificirebuli 

teqstic ar warmoadgens zust Targmans sxva romelime enaze 

arsebuli sakiTxavisa. sirTules qmnis isic, rom albanuri teqsti 

dafarulia qarTuliT, amasTan erTad albanur-qarTuli 

palimfsestis TiTqmis Kvela furceli defeqturia. 

aGsaniSnavia, rom xelT gvaqvs sakmaod mcire moculobis 

albanuri masala, esaa: z. aleqsiZis mier gamoqveKnebuli albanuri 

leqcionaris 7 nawKveti (daaxl. 500 sitKvis odenobisa _ 

aleqsiZe 2003: 134-150), e. w. mingeCauris warwerebi (daaxl. 50 

sitKva) da albanur-qarTuli palimfsestis is monakveTebi, 

romlis wakiTxva SesaZlebelia specialuri teqnologiebis 

gamoKenebis gareSe (500 sitKvas ar aGemateba). 

warmovadgenT erT-erT amokiTxul sakiTxavs _ ebraelTa 3, 

$ 1-5 (N/Sin 55, 23r- 16v). sakiTxavi identificirebulia z. aleqsiZis 

mier (aleqsiZe 2003: 149). samwuxarod, teqsti KovelTvis 

ar aris adeqvaturad gadmowerili. N/Sin 55, 23r – 16v furclis 

fotosuraTze (aleqsiZe 2003: 150; moipoveba agreTve eleqtronuli 

versiac)␣ uSualo␣ dakvirvebis␣ Sedegad masSi aTiode 

42 

Sesworeba SevitaneT (N/Sin 55 sinas mTaze mdebare wm. ekaterines 

monasterSi momxdari xanZris Sedegad [1975 w.] mTlianad 

erT gaqvavebul masad iKo qceuli, ris gamoc am xelnawerSi 

qveda teqsti SedarebiT kargad moCans). 

SeniS 

niSvne 

vnebi 

bi: albanuri teqsti ibeydeba xelnaweris mixedviT 

(teqsti TiTqmis uwKvetia, aGniSnulia qaragmebi da a. S.). 

bolo striqonSi Sesabamisi qarTuli sakiTxavis monakveTia 

warmodgenili. 

qveda xaziT _ marcvlisa an sitKvis faringalizacias 

aGvniSnavT, mag. huaxun. 

( ) frCxilebiT _ grafemis daudgenel fonemur mniSvnelobas. 

[ ] oTxkuTxedi frCxilebiT _ aGdgenil grafemebs (daqaragmebul 

sitKvebSi, waSlil monakveTebs... aseve, albanur leqcionarSi 

SeiniSneba erTgvari tendencia _ xmovnebi, gansakuTrebiT 

afiqsebSi, xSirad ar aGiniSneba grafikulad. xmovnis nakleboba 

zogJer aGniSnulia qaragmiT, xSirad ki _ara, mag. 

hepesowny␣ hefesun-[o] aGsareba-naT.). 

ebra 

rael 

elTa 

3, § 1-5 (N/Sin 55, 23r- 16v) 

yayoow-␣-␣-␣nk-␣-␣-␣-␣owġoyb-␣-␣-␣-␣-␣-␣-␣-␣ 

ao u [_] nq [_] uG-o b [_] 

? ? ? ?_mr._naT. ? 

-ziarno, ganicadeT mociquli igi da mGvdelT moZGuari 

hepesownybeSiksanysanhAwaxownhe␣ 

hefesun-[o] beS-i q[risto]s-an [esu]s-an huax-un h[ana-o]-ke 

aGsare 

reba 

ba_naT. Cveni 

ni_naT. qriste 

te_naT. ieso 

so_naT. sarwmu 

rwmu- 

no rome 

melic 

: subst. 

aGsarebisa Cvenisa ieso (naT.) qristesi, romelic (subst.) 

sarwmuno 

aGsarebisa Cuenisa, ieso qriste, romeli sarwmuno 

baa␣-␣oyičEmowsEshaine␣ 

ba-a [bixaGuG]-o iC-e muses ha(y)in-ke 

Kofna 

na_awmK. GmerTi 

rTi_naT. Tavi 

visi 

si_naT. mose rogorc 

gorc: 

43

kavS. 

aris Tavisi GmerTisa, rogorc mose 

ars Semoqmedisa T‚sisa, viTarca igi moseca 

44 

lowśowosaoya:␣iXogAxownabAw␣ 

lu(s)u kos-a oa ixo-goxun abu 

Kvela 

saxli 

xli_mic. misi aGm. : didi 

di. qona 

na_mimG. 

Kvela mis saxlsa. meti didebis mqone 

Kovelsa mas saxlsa missa. rameTu umravlessa didebasa 

ih␣-␣anaevamowsEsax␣-␣ih[e]ana-ke 

va muses-ax[o(c)] 

rame 

meTu 

: kavS. Kofna 

na_awmKo. mose 

se_abl. 

rameTu aris moseze (abl). 

ese Girs iKo ufros moseca, 

niowoanbi␣-␣ownef␣ 

niu otan bit [-] une(ƒ) 

? ? ? ? 

viTarca igi ufros 

hamaowneeosaxociXoyoowbaalnen:␣␣ 

hama-tun ke ekos-axo(c) ixo--o ku-baal nen 

eg_naT. ki saxli 

xli_abl. Sene 

neba 

: mimG. : subst. pati 

ti- 

vi?+Kof 

Kofna 

na_mKof. is_erg-inst. 

magis (Cv. nacv.) saxlzeve (abl.) ki mSenebels (sax.) pativi 

eqneba (zedmiw. iKos miT). 

pativi aqun saxlisa mis maSenebelsa mas missa. 

cexosboXoXaanae␣ 

(c)ex kos boxo-xa ana-ke 

Koveli 

saxli 

Sene 

neba 

ba_kategor. rome 

melic 

: kavS. 

Koveli saxli ueyvelad Sendeba, romelic 

rameTu Koveli saxli aGeSenis 

boXoXahamosane:␣ oTeecexbiyayhanac 

boxo-xa hamos-tan-ke: po(‡?)e e-(c)ex bi-a han-a(c) 

Sene 

neba 

ba_kategor. vin_naT : ganusazG. xolo 

lo? kreb : Koveli 

keTe 

Teba 

ba_namK. rome 

meli 

li_abl. 

ueyvelad Sendeba vinmesgan, xolo romlisgan Kovelive gakeTda 

visganme. xolo romelman Kovelive aGaSena, 

oenebġiava:␣mowsEshAwaxownne␣␣ 

oen-ke b[ixaJu]G-[e]n a-va: muses huax-un ne 

isic : kavS. GmerTi 

rTi_erg-instr. Kofna 

: mimG. mose sarwmu 

rwmu- 

no igi : nawevari 

isic GmerTiT arsebulia (mimG.). mose sarwmuno igia 

GmerTi ars. da moseca sarwmuno iKo 

lowśowosaoyanalbowha␣-␣ne␣␣ 

lu(s)u kos-a oa nalbu ha(y)[i]n-ke␣ 

Kvela saxli 

xli-mic. misi 

msaxu 

xuri rogorc 

: kavS. 

Kvela mis (mic.) saxlsa, rogorc msaxuri 

Kovelsave saxlsa missa, viTarca msaxuri 

powyay␣-␣-␣-␣anaxos 

fua [_] an-a-x ost [_] 

Tqma : mimG.? ? eg_mr. ? 

Tqmuli? ? egeni? ? 

mowamed TqmulTa maT. 

a-bu 

`qona~, `Kola~- mimG. _ palimfsestis bu `qona~, 

`Kola~, ud. bu `qona~, `Kola~ (kavkasiis albanurSi dadasturebulia 

agreTve am zmnis arafaringalizebuli variantic _ 

bu). 

a-va 

`Kofna~, àrseboba~ _ mimG. _ ud. baq-es/baq 

baq-sun `Kofna~, 

àrseboba~ (va 

va- I gramatikuli klas-kategoriis formantia. 

safiqrebelia, Kofnisa da qona-Kolis aGmniSvneli zmnebi mxolod 

klas-kategoriis formantebiT ganirCevian _ va, ba/bu 

bu, 

bu; ix. wina _ a-bu 

bu). 

ana-ke 

`romelic~ (`romeli~+~rom~; maqvemdebarebeli kav- 

45

Siria) _ ud. mano 

(varT.) /ma 

manu 

(niJ.) `romeli~, palimfsestis 

ke `rom~, Sdr. ud. ke-na /ge 

ge-na `ki~?. 

ana-x ègeni~? ane+ux 

(mr.) _ palimfsestis ane èg~, mr. - 

ux. 

ba-a `Kofna~_awmKo _ ud. baq-es/baq 

baq-sun `Kofna~, awmKo -a 

(safiqrebelia, ba_ III klas-kategoriis prefiqsia, ix. a-va 

va). 

ba-al 

al `qona~_mKofadi. _ ud. baq-es/baq 

baq-sun `Kofna~ (udiurSi 

qona-Kolis aGmniSvneli zmna bu defeqturia, igi mxolod 

awmKosa da namKo droebs awarmoebs, danarCen paradigmas 

ki baq-es 

es/baq 

baq-sun 

zmnis dro-kiloebi avseben), mKofadi -al 

al. 

beS-i `Cveni~_naT. _ ud. beS `Cveni~, naT. -i. 

bi-a 

`keTeba~_namKo _ ud. b-es/b-esun `keTeba~, namKo -a 

(bi 

bi_ III gramatikuli klas-kategoriis formantia, Ziria , Sdr. 

lezg. ii-z `keTeba~). 

[bi 

bixa 

xaJuG 

JuG]-o 

an [bi 

bixoG 

xoG]-o 

o `GmerTi~ (> `Semoqmedi~)_naT. 

_ ud. bixa 

xaJuG 

/ bixoG 

`GmerTi~ (Pl.tantum), naT. -o 

o. 

b[ixa 

ixaJu 

Ju]G-[e]n an b[ixo 

ixo]G-[e]n `GmerTi~_erg-instr. _ ud. 

bixa 

xaJuG 

JuG/ bixoG 

`GmerTi~ (Pl.tantum), erg. -en 

(instrumentalisis 

funqciiTac ixmareba). 

boxo 

xo-xa 

xa `Seneba~_kategor. (naw-kavS.) (zedmiw. aSendeba 

uTuod, aucileblad, ueyvelad) _ ud. biK-es/biK 

biK-esun `Seneba~, 

naw.-kavS. -Ka 

(bo 

bo- III gramatikuli klas-kategoriis formantia). 

e-kos 

kos-axo 

axo(c) `saxli~_ abl. _ ud. koJ (varT) /koj 

(niJ) 

`saxli~, abl -oxo 

(e- safiqrebelia, qarTulis -ve 

nawilakis 

msgavs semantikas gamoxatavdes; ablativi am SemTxvevaSi SedarebiT 

xarisxs gamoxatavs, Sdr. ud. me xod te xod-axo 

qala-ne 

ès xe im xeze 

(zedmiw. xisgan 

gan) didia; samecniero literatura- 

Si udiuris Sesaxeb miiCneoda, rom niJis dialeqtis forma koj 

dezafrikatizaciis Sedegad unda iKos miGebuli _ fanCviZe 

1974: 44; Talibovi 1980: 183 ... kavkasiis albanuris forma 

kos sapirispiros amtkicebs). 

e-(c)ex 

ex `Koveli~ (gansazGvrebiTi nacvalsaxeli) _ dadgenilia 

konteqstis mixedviT (e- savaraudod, qarTulis -ve 

nawilakis 

msgavs semantikas gamoxatavs). 

46 

va `Kofna~ _ awmKo _ ud. baq-es/baq 

baq-sun `Kofna~, awmKo -a 

(safiqrebelia va

qciiTac gomoiKeneba. safiqrebelia, rom am SemTxvevaSi meSveli 

zmnis funqciasac asrulebs, Sdr. ud. III mx. piris formantis 

_ne 

funqciebs, mag., Gar-ne 

`biyia~). 

ne-n ìs~_erg.-instrument. (Cv. nacvalsaxelia) _ palimfsestis 

ne ìs~, ìgi~, ud. erg. -en 

(Cveulebriv instrumentalisis 

funqciiTac ixmareba), *ne 

ne-en 

en > ne-n. 

48 

[esu 

esu]s-an 

ìeso~-naT. _ berZ. Ιησους, qarT. iesu/esu, 

somx. Յիսուս, ud. naT. -un 

un. 

oen ìs~ (III mx. piris nacvalsaxeli) _ ud. III mx. piris 

formantia -ne 

ne. 

oen-ke 

ìsic~ (ìgi~+~rom~; am SemTxvevaSi maqvemdebarebeli 

kavSiris funqciiT ixmareba, rogorc udiuri mano 

no-Te 

ìgic~). 

oa `misi~ (kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxeli; safiqrebelia, rom 

warmoSobiT o _ naTesaobiTi brunvis formanti unda iKos). 

po(‡?)e `xolo~? _ dadgenilia konteqstis mixedviT. 

un `da~ (maerTebeli kavSiri) _ dadgenilia konteqstis mixedviT. 

fua- `Tqma~_mimG? (namKos) _ ud. f-es/f-esun `Tqma~, 

namKos mimG. -i/. 

q[ris 

risto 

to]s-an 

`qriste~_naT. _ berZ. Χριστος, somx. 

Քրիստոս, ud. naT. -un 

un. 

(c)ex 

`Koveli~ (gansazGvrebiTi nacvalsaxeli) _ dadgenilia 

konteqstis mixedviT. 

hama 

ma-tun 

ìs~ (Cv. nacvalsaxeli)_naT. _ ud. naT. -tun 

(-t 

gasubstantivebuli saxelebis brunebisas ixmareba). 

hamos 

mos-tan 

tan-ke 

`vin~ (kiTx. nacvalsaxeli)_naT. + maq. kavS. _ 

ud. naT. -tun 

(-t gasubstantivebuli saxelebis brunebisas ixmareba), 

kena 

na/ge 

gena 

`ki~ (maqvemdebarebeli kavSiria). 

h[ana 

ana-o]-ke 

`romelic~ (`romeli~ + ~rom~) Sdr. ana-ke 

_ 

dadgenilia konteqstis mixedviT (-o masubstantivebeli sufiqsi, 

Sdr. ud. -o). 

han-a(c) `romeli~_abl. _ ud. abl. _oxo 

oxo, palimfsestis 

abl. o(c)/a(c). 

ha(y)in 

in-ke 

`rogorc~, `viTarc~ (`rogori~ + `rom~; maqvemde- 

barebeli kavSiria) _ dadgenilia konteqstis mixedviT. 

hefe 

fesun 

sun-o 

àGsareba~ (zedmiw. ? + `Tqma~)_ naT. _ ud. 

f-es 

es/f-esun 

esun `Tqma~, naT. -o 

o. 

huaxun 

`sarwmuno~, `yeSmariti~ _ dadgenilia konteqstis 

mixedviT (-un 

derivaciuli afiqsia, xSirad gamoKenebulia zedsarTavi 

saxelis mawarmoeblad, Sdr. igive funqciiT ud. -un 

un, 

warmoSobiT, naTesaobiTi brunvis formantia). 

n o n a m a m i s e i S v i l i 

sizma 

mari da ocne 

neba fuZe 

ZeTa kavSi 

Siri 

risa 

saTvis qarTul 

TulSi 

sizmari fsiqologebis azriT, miCneulia Zilis gansaz- 

Gvrul fazebSi fsiqikuri Sinaarsebisa da TvalsaCino warmodgenebis 

halucinaciuri tipis mimdinareobad (e. aepli, r. bosardi, 

m. Srede...). 

sifxizlis procesebidan Zili Kvelaze monaTesavea ocnebisa. 

orive SemTxvevaSi arsebiTia subieqtis pasiur mdgomareobaSi 

fantaziis Tavisufali moqmedeba. àm naTesaobas sizmrisas 

ocnebasTan, rogorc Cans, xalxic amCnevs, radganac mTel rig 

enebSi sizmars da ocnebas erTdaimave saxels uwodeben~ (r. na- 

TaZe). 

Tanamedrove qarTuli enis monacemebi, am mxriv, TiTqos 

gansxvavdeba sxva enebisvagan, Tumca sakiTxis diaqroniuli ganxilva 

da qarTuli enis dialeqtTa analizi cxadKofs, rom 

sizma 

mari 

da ocne 

neba 

fuZeebi arc qarTulSi warmoadgendnen 

gamonakliss da zogJer enacvlebodnen kidec erTmaneTs, risi 

kvalic dGemde daCndeba dialeqtebSi. 

49

Ø Ä È Ä Å À Í Ì À Ò Â É À Í É - Ó Ö Á À Ò É 

ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉÓ ÓÐÄÝÉ×ÉÊÖÒÉ ÈÖÒÌÄÏÁÉÈÄÁÉÓ À×ÉØÓÀÝÉÉÓÀÈÅÉÓ 

ÓÅÀÍÖÒ ÖÙËÄÁÀÛÉ “ÈÖÒÌÄÓ” ÂÀÂÄÁÉÓ ÏÈá ÌßÊÒÉÅÓ ÂÀÌÏÚÏ×ÄÍ: I 

ÃÀ IIÈÖÒÌÄÏÁÉÈÓ ÐÉÒÅÄË ÓÄÒÉÀÛÉ ÃÀ ÍÀÌÚÏ ÓÒÖËÓÀ ÃÀ ÍÀÌÚÏ 

ßÉÍÀÒÄßÀÒÓÖËÓ (ÒÄÆÖËÔÀÔÉÖÒÉ I ÃÀ II ) ÌÄÓÀÌÄ ÓÄÒÉÀÛÉ. 

ÐÉÒÅÄËÉ ÓÄÒÉÉÓ ÈÖÒÌÄÏÁÉÈÄÁÉ ßÀÒÌÏÄÁÉÈÀÝ ÃÀ ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÉÈÀÝ 

ÓÐÄÝÉ×ÉÊÖÒÉÀ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ; I ÈÖÒÌÄÏÁÉÈÉÓ ×ÏÒÌÀ ÛÄÃÂÄÁÀ ÀßÌÚÏÓ 

ÓÀÆÄÃÀÏ, ÓÀÓáÅÉÓÏ ØÝÄÅÀ + -ÉÍ-À (ÁÆ., ØÅÓ.), -ÖÍ-À (ÁØ.) 

ÓÖ×ÉØÓÄÁÉÓÀÂÀÍ ÃÀ ÉÈÀÒÂÌÍÄÁÀ ÖßÚÅÄÔÄËÉ+ÈÖÒÌÄ: á-ð-ÂÌ-ÉÍ-À /á-ð- 

ÂÌ-ÖÍ-À “ÀÛÄÍÄÁÃÀ (ÆÄÃ), ÖÛÄÍÄÁÃÀ ÈÖÒÌÄ”. 

II ÈÖÒÌÄÏÁÉÈÉ ÀÙßÄÒÉÈÉÀ, ÀáÀÓÉÀÈÄÁÓ ÐÒÄ×ÉØÓ-ÓÖ×ÉØÓÀÝÉÀ ÃÀ 

ÌÄÛÅÄËÆÌÍÉÀÍÏÁÀ: Ëé-ÌÀ+(ÀßÌÚÏÓ ×ÖÞÄ+)-ÖÍ-Ä, ÉÈÀÒÂÌÍÄÁÀ 

ÖßÚÅÄÔÄËÉ + ÈÖÒÌÄ: Ëé-Ì-ÂðÌ-ÉÍ {ËÉ}

ËÉ) “ÃÀÌßÅÀÒÀ”, Ä-Ë-ÓÉÐ-Ä ËÉ (*ÄÓ-Ëé-ÓÉÐ-Ä ËÉ) “ÂÀÃÀØÝÄÖËÀ”; 

ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÅáÄÃÀÅÈ, Ìé- ÐÒÄ×ÉØÓÉ ÀØ ÀÒ ×ÉÂÖÒÉÒÄÁÓ; ÀËÁÀÈ ÉÌÉÔÏÌ, 

ÒÏÌ ÄÓ ×ÏÒÌÄÁÉ ÐÒÏÝÄÓÓ ÊÉ ÀÒÀ, ÛÄÃÄÂÓ ÂÀÃÌÏÓÝÄÌÄÍ, ÀÌÉÔÏÌÀÝ 

ÌÀÀØÔÉÅÄÁÄË À×ÉØÓÓ ÀÒ ÓÀàÉÒÏÄÁÄÍ. 

ÓÀÀÍÀËÉÆÏ ÌßÊÒÉÅÄÁÉÓ -ÖÍ- ÓÖ×ÉØÓÉ (á-À-ÌóÒ-ÉÍ-À (ÁÆ.), á-À-ÌÀÒ- 

ÖÍ-À (ÁØ.) “ÖÌÆÀÃÄÁÃÀ ÈÖÒÌÄ”, Ëé-Ì-ÌÀÒ-ÉÍ {ËÉ} (< Ëé-Ìé-ÌÀÒ-æÉÍ 

ËÉ) (ÁÆ.), Ëé-Ì-ÌÀÒ-æÍ-Ä ËÉ “ÀÌÆÀÃÄÁÃÀ ÈÖÒÌÄ”, Ëé-Ì-ÌêÒ-ÏËÉÍ 

(

ganxiluli, kompoziciis gziT Sedgenili saxelwodebebi afxazuri 

enis gramatikul normaTa dacviTaa nawarmoebi: sazGvruli 

win uswrebs msazGvrels. 

futkris saxelisa da misgan naKari fuZeebis simravle imis 

maCvenebelia, rom afxazebi mefutkreobas ZvelTaganve misdevdnen. 

a-Kany 

Kany/ a-Kany 

Kany-x◦ac 

ac àbreSumis yia~, a-x◦ac `yias~ niSnavs damoukideblad. 

es sitKva nasesxebi Cans afxazurSi. Sdr.: qarTuli 

`Kayis yia~, leqsemis meore nawili kalkirebulic kia. a-KanyZaara 

`meabreSumeoba~, a-Zaara àGzrda~, anu abreSumis 

aGzrda~. meabreSumeoba afxazTaTvis SedarebiT axali saqmianobaa, 

amas isic mowmobs, rom afxazurSi abreSumis yiis aGmniSvneli 

sitKva nasesxebia. 

• mfrinavi, adamianisaTvis esTetikuri siamovnebis momgvrelia 

a-far 

farfalˆk 

falˆk/ a-far 

farfalˆk 

falˆk½/a-xˆCfˆfˆr 

xˆCfˆfˆr(bzif.) `pepela~, 

Sdr.: qarTuli farfali/parpali. 

a-Zˆrk 

Zˆrk◦i/ a-bgarˆmZ 

(bzif.) `cicinaTela~, èlvana~ sitKvis 

pirveli nawili a-bga `mgelia~, mas mosdevs mravlobiTi ricxvis 

kuTvnilebis r- prefiqsi da amZ

) meore Jgufi sitKvebisa ufro damaxasiaTebelia 

adiGeurisaTvis, romelSic xdeba reduplikacia Tanxmovani bgerebis 

SecvliT: 

1) TanxmovanTa substitucia: 

ƒabz–-lÀabz(–) `Zalian sufTa~, Sdr. ƒabza `sufTa~; dˆJˆrˆJ(ˆ) 

`Zalian mware~, Sdr. dˆJˆ `mware~. 

2) Tanxmovnis Secvla z o TanxmovniT, romelsac SeuZlia 

sitKvis dasawKisSi Caanacvlos nebismieri Tanxmovani: 

56 

m–ƒ◦ˆ-z o –ƒ◦ˆ `Tiva da rame~, Sdr. m–ƒ◦ˆ `Tiva~; 

Sams–T-z o ams–T `Samseti da rame~, Sdr. Sams–T (anTroponimi). 

Tu gaorkecebisas pirveli komponenti –, ˆ, …–, …a dif- 

TongebiT iwKeba, maSin meore komponentSi z o 

difTongebis pirvel 

elements enacvleba. 

–bzˆ-z o –bzˆ `nakeli da rame~; …â–-z o –– `wvima da rame~. 

Tu sitKva iwKeba a xmovniT, am SemTxvevaSi z o 

sitKvas TavSi daerTvis Senacvlebis gareSe: 

bgera 

mag.: arƒ-z o arƒ àraKi da rame~ 

3) Tanxmovnis Senacvleba TanxmovanTa kompleqsiT: dˆJˆ- 

fsˆJ(ˆ) `Zalian mware~, Sdr. dˆJˆ `mware~. 

4) TanxmovanTa kompleqsis Canacvleba TanxmovniT: 

fx–S´–-naS´(–) `Zalian didi~; 

fs–…-ma… `mTeli da uvnebeli~, Sdr. fs–…(ˆ) `mTliani, 

JanmrTeli~. 

reduplikaciis gziT miGebuli sitKvebisTvis agreTve damaxasiaTebelia 

ara mxolod calkeuli bgerebis, aramed marcvlebis 

Senacvlebac. 

d–G◦-fsˆG◦ `sruliad Kru~, Sdr. d–G◦ˆ `Kru~ 

ƒabz–-‡◦ˆbz(–) `Zalian sufTa~, Sdr. ƒabz– `sufTa~. 

amgvarad, reduplikaciis gziT miGebul kompozitebSi 

pirveli komponentis pirvel Tanxmovans an TanxmovanTa kompleqss, 

rogorc wesi, sitKvis meore komponentSi Seenacvlebian 

Semdegi Tanxmovnebi da TanxmovanTa kompleqsebi: s, S, fs, py, ƒ, 

w, n, z o . 

reduplikaciis gziT miGebuli sitKvebiT aGiniSneba: krebiToba, 

distribuciuloba, niSanTvisebis gaZliereba. 

n i k o o T i n a S v i l i 

sofel wirqo 

qolis onomas 

masti 

tika 

sofeli mdebareobs mdinare qsnis Sua welze, mis marJvena 

mxares sadac aGmarTulia didebuli wirqolis cixe, romelTanac 

araerTi sabrZolo epizodia dakavSirebuli saistorio masalebis 

mixedviT. 

sofeli moxseniebulia wirqvalis formiT vaxuSti da ioane 

bagrationebis SromebSi. igi datanialia vaxuStis rukebze 

mdinare qsnis marJvena mxares da dGesac iq lokalizdeba. mdidar 

masalas Seicavs soflis onomastikonis Sesaxeb `1774 da 

1781 wlebis qsnis xeobis statistikuri~ aGweriloba. 

xeoba ZvelTaganve dasaxlebuli iKo qarTuli tomebiT, 

romelTa Sesaxeb cnobebs gvawvdis toponimebi da anTroponimebi. 

toponimikuri saxelwodebebis mdgradoba saSualebas gvaZlevs 

xeobaSi da xsenebul sofelSi gamovavlinoT is elementebi, 

romlebic Tanamedrove leqsikidan gaqra. aseve gamovavlinoT 

Zveli dialeqturi niSnebi, avxsnaT movlenebi leqsikaSi, 

fonetikaSi, sintaqsSi. 

soflis onomastikuri masala Sekrebili gvaqvs daaxloebiT 

Cvidmeti wlis win da mis gadamowmebas vawarmoebdiT periodulad. 

sul Sekrebili gvaqvs asze meti toponimi. gvarebidan 

maSin davadastureT ocdaxuTi gvari, romelTa nawili dGes 

sofelSi aGar cxovrobs, magram toponimiaSi darCa. dGeisa- 

Tvis sofelSi gansaxlebulia: qutaSvili, Sermadini, morbeda- 

57

Ze, TaTriSvili, fsuturi, yarxalaSvili, gabrielaSvili, xrikuli, 

gamxitaSvili, ficxelauri, megreliSvili, basikaSvili, 

odiSvili, xalbegaSvili, ZerKoraSvili. 

toponimebidan _ wKaroebis, xevebis, wKlebis kompozitur 

saxelTa meore komponentad gvxvdeba: wKali, wKaro, xevi, Gele: 

dampal wKali, dampali wKaroebi, qowKobilis wKali, didGele, 

verZa wKaro, didi wKaro, TeTri wKaro, osas morevi, Kudrebis 

wKaro, darbaxevi, gorTamaanT wKaro, xevi da sxv. 

adgilebis, mTebis, qedebis kompozitur saxelTa meore 

komponentad gvaqvs: miwa, mTa, qedi, axo, mzvare, Cirdili: iases 

miwa, batonis miwa, qedis miwa, fSareuli mTa, didi mTa, samgle 

qedi, cixis qedi, zanguraanT qedebi, fSavliaanT axo, vanes 

axo, goglas axo, GvTiSobli mzvare, zebaKuris mzvare, 

Txilvanis Cirdili, lomisis Cirdili, saKdris Cirdili. 

toponimuri punqtebis kompozitur saxelTa meore komponentad 

gvxvdeba ubani, an win erTvis zemo qvemo. mag. ficxelaanT 

ubani (ficxelaurebi), JambuaanT ubani (qutaSvilebi), xrikulT 

ubani (xrikulebi), ZerKoraanT ubani (ZerKoraSvilebi), 

zemo ubani (axali dasaxleba), qvemo ubani (morbedaZeebi). 

toponimur saxelTa erTi Jgufi Seicavs adamianis gvars 

an saxels, romelsac Tan erTvis mawarmoebeli sufiqsi -an || 

anT: gorTamaani (wasuli gvari milaZeebi), Jambriaani (wasuli 

gvari JambriSvilebi), bejiaani (wasuli gvari kobaurebi), morbedaanTi 

(morbedaZeebis), myedliaanTi (myedliZeebi), odiaan- 

Ti (odiSvilebi), gamxitaanTi (gamxitaSvilebi). 

qarTluri kilos qsnur metKvelebaSi _ ur || ul sufiqsebs 

aqvT potencia aGniSnon sxvadasxva funqcia. sofelSi Sinaarsis 

mixedviT dasturdeba toponimuri saxelebi, romlebic 

warmoqmnilia sakuTari saxelisgan da TviT toponimidan, mag.: 

zamTareuli (qedi), kowaxurebi (buCqnari), saxizuri (saxnavi), 

cauri (axo), baramuli (qutaSvilis axo), kurdGelauri (cxovrobdnen 

kurdGelaSvilebi), pantnauri (klde), saqasuri (Kofili 

saxnavi), zebaKuri (saZovari) da sxva. 

mravlobiTSi gvxvdeba toponimebi, romlebic ZiriTadad 

58 

adgilis sidides gaxazavs, mag.: kowaxurebi (buCqnari), sabadurebi 

(qedi), bagebi (saxnavebi), didvelebi (saTibebi), naxizanrebi 

(saTibebi), Jvarmiwebi (niSi), Gvinarebi (veli), veZaT qedebi 

(wKaroebi), fSavlianT axo (koburis gvari), GituraanT kldeebi 

(Sermadinis gvari), bejiaanT wKaro (TaTriSvili). 

gvxvdeba na-, sa- prefiqsebiT nawarmoebi geografiuli saxelebi: 

na-darbazevi, na-fuZari an na-fuZrebi, na-walkotevi, natusebi, 

sa-batono, sa-mgle, sa-JinJlo da sxva. 

religiuri mniSvnelobebis dasaxelebebi dakavSirebulia 

GmerTebis, wmindanebis saxelebTan, mag.: kviracxoveli (eklesia) 

wminda giorgi (eklesia), GvTismSobeli (eklesia), Jvarmiwebi 

(muxis niSi), lomisas niSi, xatis venaxi (Kofili venaxi). 

moxsenebaSi warmodgenili meTvramete saukunis aGwerebis 

toponomastika friad sainteresoa, rogorc warsulis ise, 

dGevandelobis TvalsazrisiT. 

T a m a r p a p i a S v i l i 

samSe 

mSeneb 

neblo nage 

gebo 

boba 

baTa aGmniSvne 

vneli 

termi 

mine 

nebi afxazur enaSi 

Tanamedrove afxazeTis teritoriis mkvidrni soflis meurneobas 

uZvelesi droidan, neoliTis epoqidan misdevdnen. 

xelsaKreli geografiuli pirobebis arsebobam ganapiroba meurneobis 

sxvadasxva dargebis: mecxoveleobis, mevenaxeobis, mebaGeobis, 

memarcvleobis da sxvaTa ganviTareba. Sesabamisad, 

CamoKalibda sxvadasxva daniSnulebis sameurneo nagebobaTa mSeneblobis 

tradiciac. 

xuroTmoZGvruli TvalsazrisiT, sameurneo nagebobebi wnuli 

an Zeluri tipis, mrgvali an oTxkuTxa formis nagebobebi 

iKo. 

afxazur enaSi arsebuli sameurneo nagebobebis aGmniSvne- 

59

li terminebi SeiZleba ramdenime Jgufad daiKos. am diferenciacias 

safuZvlad udevs terminTa gramatikuli agebulebis, 

warmomavlobisa da etimologiuri analizis Sedegad gamovlenili 

zogadi kanonzomierebani. 

1. sameurneo nagebobaTa aGmniSvneli terminebis mniSvnelovani 

nawili Sedgeba sakuTriv afxazuri leqsikisagan, Tumca morfologiuri 

agebulebis mixedviT igi identobas amjGavnebs 

qarTvelur ena-kiloebSi arsebul saTanado terminologias- 

Tan, mag.: qarT.: sa-cxen 

cxen-e / megr.: o-cxen 

cxen-e / afx.: aCàTra 

_ 

mocemuli sami termini Sedgeba Sinauri cxovelebis aGmniSvneli 

saxelebis fuZeebisa da adgilis mawarmoebeli afiqsebisagan: 

qar.: sa-e / megr.: o-e /afx.: _ Tra; qarT.: sa-mza 

mzare 

re- 

ul-o / sa-mzad 

mzad-i / afx.: ax°àKawar 

KawarTa 

/ aCHsKaw 

sKawar 

arTa 

_ am damxmare 

nagebobis qarTuli da afxazuri saxelwodebebi Sedgeba 

mzareulobis, kerZis mzadebis aGmniSvneli zmnuri fu- 

Zisa da adgilis aGmniSvneli afiqsebisgan: qarT.: sa-o//sa 

/ 

afx.: rTa leqsikuri Semadgenlobis mixedviT identuria 

wisqvilis aGmniSvneli qarTuli da afxazuri terminebic, 

romlebic kompozitur saxelebs warmoadgens da Sedgeba semantikurad 

msgavsi erTeulebisagan: qarT.: wisqvi 

qvili 

< 

wKlis fqvili 

< wKal-i + fqvil-i / afx.: aZàla 

laga 

gara 

< aZà 

,,wKali” + alaga 

gara 

,,fqva~. 

2. sameurneo nagebobaTa aGmniSvneli terminebis nawili afxazur 

enaSi megrulidan Sesuli leqsikis saxiTaa warmodgenili, 

mag.: Txebis sadgomi _ mara 

raka 

< megr. mara 

raka 

/ qabar 

barka 

ka, 

saGore _ osqà < megr.: osqà / osqu 

qu. megrulidan Sesul 

terminologiaSi dasturdeba sesxebis kanonzomierebaTa ga- 

TvaliswinebiT mosalodneli fonetikuri cvlilebebi, iSvia- 

Tad ki aGiniSneba semantikuri varirebac, mag.: ayày momdinareobs 

momcro zomis aGmniSvneli megruli zedsarTavi saxelisgan 

yiye 

ye. 

3. sameurneo nagebobaTa aGmniSvneli terminebis garkveuli nawili 

sakuTriv afxazuri warmomavlobis leqsikiTaa warmodgenili, 

mag.: gomuri _ abora 

/ aboura 

ra, sasiminde _ aca, 

60

axaldaqorwinebulTa saxli – amha 

hara 

da sxv. 

4. afxazurSi arsebul sameurneo nagebobaTa aGmniSvnel terminebSi 

gamoiKofa saerTokavkasiuri fuZec gval / gvar. iberiul-kavkasiur 

enebSi igi sxvadasxva semantikiT gamoiKeneba, 

kerZod.: sv.: gval fuZes sacxovrebeli farTis saqonlisTvis 

gamoKofili nawilis mniSvneloba aqvs; imave fuZis varianti 

gamoiKofa qarTul sitKvaSic gomu 

muri 

ri. adiGeurSi guar 

artei 

naxiria; afxazurSi ag°ar 

arTa 

naxirs aGniSnavs, xolo bzifur 

dialeqtSi ki ag°°arp 

arp // ag°°arf 

arf mTliani kar-midamos mniSvnelobiT 

dasturdeba. warmodgenili terminebis etimologiis 

axsna SesaZloa moxdes adiGuri fuZis _ agus safuZvelze, 

romelsac kar-midamos semantika aqvs. ufro Grma kvlevis 

Sedegad ki mivdivarT Zvel berZnulSi arsebul terminamde 

agro 

roinia 

nia, romelic qalaqgareT mdebare mamuls niSnavda. 

lingvisturi analizis Sedegad unda iTqvas, rom miuxedavad 

afxazur enaSi arsebuli sameurneo nagebobebis aGmniSvneli 

terminebis sxvadasxva kriteriumebis safuZvelze diferencirebisa, 

qarTuli da afxazuri enebis myidro kontaqti da 

naTesaoba ganxilul semantikur velSic naTlad Cans. 

m e r a b r o b a q i Z e 

`sitKvis 

sitKvis~ Sina 

naar 

arsob 

sobri 

rivi aspeq 

peqte 

tebis Sesa 

saxeb 

Zvel qarTul da Zvel somxur enebSi 

adamianis, rogorc moazrovne arsebis, buneba ,,sitKvas~ 

ukavSirdeba. samKaros sxva danarCen arsebaTagan igi swored 

`sitKviT~ gansxvavdeba. adamianis Kovelgvar gamovlinebas azrovnebisa 

da praqtikuli moGvawe- obis sferoebSi safuZvlad 

udevs `sitKva~ (logosi). `sitKva~ Zvel qarTul enaSi gansxvavebuli 

mniSvnelobebiT warmogvidgeba. 1V s-is berZeni fsiqolog-anTropologi 

nemesios emeseli Tavis naSromSi `bunebisa- 

61 

Tvis kacisa~ gamoKofs ori saxis `sitKvas~_`Soris mdebares~ 

(`logos endiaTetos~) da `garemosils~ (`logos proforikos~); 

pirveli warmouTqmelia, meore ki _ warmoTqmuli, rac 

imas niSnavs, rom pirvel SemTxvevaSi `sitKvas aqvs saazrovno 

semantika, meore SemTxvevaSi ki niSnavs gaxmovnebul azrs, danawevrebuli 

metKvelebiT warmoCenils. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, 

`sitKva~ mowodebulia ori mniSvnelobiT: `Sinagani~ da `gacxadebuli~ 

azris mniSvnelobiT. sulxan-saba orbelianis leqsi 

konSi `warmouTqmeli~ da `warmoTqmuli~ sitKva iwodeba rogorc 

`Sinagan mdebare~ da `warmoCenili~. pirveli uxmoa, meore 

_ xmovani. sabas ganmartebiT, `warmoCenilsa sitKvasa xmasa 

Sina sitKvis-gebaTa aqvs moqmedeba~. amgvari `sitKva~ leqsikografis 

mier daxasiaTebulia rogorc `qadagi mogonebisa~ (=gacxadebuli 

azri). `sitKvis sabaseul definicias safuZvlad 

udevs nemesios emeselis interpretacia, romlis mixedviTac 

`nawevaroiani mimorquma (=danawevrebuli metKveleba) Seexo ra 

`gagonebasa~ (=gonebasa) da `gulis-sitKuasa~ (=cnobasa), qadagadca 

Seiqmna igi gonebiTsa mimodrekaTaisa~ (ìoane petriwis 

Targmani~), anu danawevrebuli metKveleba azrovnebiTi aqtis 

da `cnobis~ (=mixvedris, gacnobierebis) warmomCenia (`qadagia~). 

`warmo 

warmoCe 

Ceni 

nili da warmouCe 

Cene 

neli sitKva~ SegviZlia davaxasiaToT 

agreTve rogorc `ga 

gacxa 

cxade 

debu 

buli 

li~ da `ga 

gaucxa 

cxade 

debe 

beli 

li~. 

garda saazrovno semantikisa, warmoTqmuli sitKvis mniSvneloba 

Zvel qarTulSi aqvs agreTve `zraxva~-s: èna zraxavs 

mas, romelsa miscems guli da goneba~ (mam. sw.,171,13). 

saKuradGeboa agreTve Zvel qarTul enaSi `sitKvis~ 

gamoKeneba saazrovno cnebis mniSvnelobiT (=warmouCeneli, gaucxadebuli 

sitKva) rogorc saxeluri (`sitKva~), ise zmnuri 

(ìsitKunes~) formebiT. `sitKva~, rogorc saazrovno cneba, 

gvxvdeba zmnur konstruqciaSi `gulsa itKvis~ (=fiqrobs). amave 

Sinaarss warmoaCens agreTve kompoziti `gulis-sitKva~ (fiqri, 

azri). nemesios emeselis Txzulebis petriwiseul Targman- 

Si dasturdeba `sitKva~ rogorc saazrovno cneba. 

`sitKva 

sitKva~-s Zvel qarTul enaSi qmedi 

diTi 

Ti, praqti 

tiku 

kuli saqmi 

qmi- 

62

ano 

nobis 

mniSvnelobac aqvs. `Sinagani sitKvis~ (`gulis-sitKvis~, 

azris) gacxadeba xdeba ara mxolod danawevrebuli metKvelebiT, 

sitKvieri warmoTqmiT, aramed moqmede 

debi 

biTac 

Tac; azrebis realizacia 

xdeba saqmiT 

da esec `sitKvaa~. Zvel qarTul teqsteb- 

Si `sitKva~ am mniSvnelobiTac (=saqme, qmedeba, qceva) dasturdeba: 

`romelman dauteos coli Tvinierad sitKvisa 

sa (=saqcielisa) 

siZvisa, amruSos igi~ (mT. 5.32). mTel rig SemTxvevebSi 

bibliis teqstis variantul ikiTxvisebSi `sitKvis 

sitKvis~ nacvlad 

mowodebulia `sa 

saqme 

qme~. 

`sitKva 

sitKva~, romelic, Zvel anTropologTa TqmiT, aris adamianis 

ùrCeulesi nawili~, Tavisi Sinaarsobrivi mravalferovnebiT 

warmoaCens mas, rogorc moaz 

azrov 

rovne 

ne, xmiT metKvel da 

aqti 

tiur 

ur, saqmis Semsrulebel (= `saqmiT metKvel~) pirovnebas. 

aseTsave mniSvnelobebs gviCvenebs qarTuli `sitKvis~ SesatKvisi 

leqsikuri erTeuli `ban~ Zvel somxur enaSi (agreTve 

axalSi). es sitKva somxurSi, iseve rogorc qarTulSi, warmoa- 

Cens logo 

gosur 

semantikas, romelSic kargad aisaxeba adamianis 

bunebis arsebiTi niSan-Tvisebebi, Sinagani mamoZravebeli Zalebi 

da maTi qmediTi realizacia. 

bacburSi -w(

variantad, radgan formaSi ar aris mareducirebuli elementi 

(-an dgas -d savrcobis win). 

3. ganxilul formebSi -n S 3 -is funqciadakarguli niSania; 

Sdr. Zv. qarTulis aqu-n, erTi mxriT, da, meore mxriT, 

aqu-n-s (m.15,32cmr.8,2c). analogiuri viTarebaa megrul-lazur- 

Si: miGunia-miGunan. arn. Ciqobava -n-s miGunan `gvKavs~ formaSi 

moqmed sufiqsad miiCnevs (miGu-n-an), i. KifSiZe ki mas fuZes 

akuTvnebda (miGun-an). 

Cven viziarebT g. kartozias Tvalsazriss: -nan (miGu-nan) 

sinqroniaSi dauSlelia _ èrTian sufiqsad ganixileba~. 

radgan subieqturi wKobis zmnebSi -an S 3 p -s gamoxatavda 

(yarun-an > yaruna), obieqturi wKobis zmnebSi -nan simravlis 

gamoxatvis funqcias iGebs. 

xevsuruli dialeqtis xKon `hKvanan~, xqon `hqonan~ (Zv. 

qarT.) arqaulia TviT Zveli qarTulisTvisac: x-Kon (< x-Ku-an / 

< x-Kv+an), x-qon (< x-qu-an). -an, romelic Zireul [E]-sTan 

SerwKmiT on-s iZleva, S 3 p -is niSania. es formebi am zmnaTa Tavdapirvel 

viTarebas asaxaven. subieqturi mesame piris niSani 

mxolobiT ricxvSi aq arsad Cans. 

S u S a n a f u t k a r a Z e 

zedsar 

sarTav saxe 

xeleb 

lebTan dakav 

kavSi 

Sire 

rebu 

buli 

Tavi 

vise 

sebu 

bure 

reba 

bani imerxe 

xeul 

ulSi 

imerxeuli kilo qarTuli enis dedamdinaris erTi Zlieri 

Senakadia. igi imerxeveli qarTvelebis mSobliuri 

metKvelebaa. imerxevi, istoriuli saqarTvelos uZvelesi miwa, 

tao-klarJeTis erT-erTi mxarea, samxreT saqarTvelos Semadgeneli 

nawili. amjamad moqceulia TurqeTis respublikis farglebSi. 

kerZod, imerxevi warmoadgens arTvinis vilaeTis SavSe- 

Tis raionis erT lamaz mxares _ mdinare fafarTis xeobas. 

imerxeveli qarTvelebi orenovanni arian. maTi oficialu- 

65 

ri, saxelmwifo ena Turqulia, saoJaxo (Sinauri) ena ki qarTuli. 

imerxevelTa qarTuli, 450 wlis manZilze dedaenis damqvemdebarebel 

kontrols moklebuli, Turqul enobriv garemoSi 

moqceuli, enis ganviTarebis Sinagani kanonebis moqmedebis 

Sesabamisad ganviTarda da damoukidebel kilod CamoKalibda. 

Turqulis enis KoveldGiuri gavlenis miuxedavad, man Seinar- 

Cuna Tavisi fonetikuri sistema, gramatikuli wKoba da Ziri- 

Tadi leqsikuri fondi. imerxeul kiloSi erTxel kidev gancxadda 

qarTuli enis siZliere, gamZleoba da ukvdaveba. 

imerxeulma kilom dGemde Semoinaxa zedsarTav saxeleb- 

Tan dakavSirebuli Zveli qarTuli formebi, saintereso dialeqtizmebi 

da Turqulis gavleniT SeZenili ucxo leqsikuri 

erTeulebi. Taviseburi leqsikur-gramatikuli elferis matarebelia 

imerxeulis zogierTi zedsarTavi saxeli. kerZod: 

zedsarTavi saxelis _ didi 

_ Sinaarsi, gamoKenebis are gafarToebulia. 

Cveulebrivi mniSvnelobis garda, igi aGniSnavs 

asakiT an TanamdebobiT ufros pirovnebas, gvevlineba arsebiT 

saxelad. magaliTad: CÍeni didi 

(oJaxis ufrosi) haJi meqasa da 

medinas momlocveli) gamƒdara; nuri-begi ximSiaSvili imaTi 

didi 

(ufrosi) iKo... did-fuZes erTvis ovan-sufiqsi, CaerTvis 

r-Tanxmovani (Sdr. saba _ didro 

roani 

_did-didebi), da warmoqmnilia 

mimarTebiTi zedsarTavi _ didro 

rova 

vani 

(mozrdili, 

did-didebi). es sitKva imerxevelTa metKvelebaSi Segvxvda ramdenime 

variantiT _ didro 

rova 

vani 

ni, didro 

roani 

ni, didr…ani, did- 

rvani 

ni, didvra 

vrani 

ni. igi simravlis gagebas iZleva da martooden 

mravlobiT ricxvSi mdgari sazGvrulis msazGvrelad gvevlineba 

(Sdr. didi saxli, didruani saxlebi). 

ovan-sufiqss, didro 

rova 

vanis 

msgavsad, dairTavs, agreTve, 

zedsarTavebi _ patara patina, pawa, maGali, dabali, grZeli, 

kargi, lamazi–da simravleze migvaniSnebs: patar…ani 

tar…ani, pa- 

tit…ani, pawaw…ani 

waw…ani, maGal…ani, dabal…ani 

bal…ani, gzel…ani (Z-s 

imerxeulSi enacvleba z-Tanxmovani), karg…ani, 

lama 

mazu 

zuani 

(ovan→oan→uan→ …an): patit…ani 

ƒbiebi 

(ƒbovrebi) cxeniT 

avasxiT ÉaÉlaSi; sxli zirSi pawaw…ani namSle 

mSlebia 

(nergebia); 

66

gzel…ani klave 

vebi 

gaSala; karg…ani vaSle 

lebi 

avarCieT... 

mravlobiTobis gadmosacemad gamoiKeneba, agreTve, fuZis 

gaorkeceba, rogoricaa: patar-patara, patina-patina, pawawa 

(←pawa-pawa), gzel-gzeli, wore–wore, ƒmel-ƒmeli, gonJ-gonJi... 

magaliTad: maGal-maGali 

maGali kacebi be…ri arian sxloban (sxlo 

sxlo- 

bani 

sofelia SavSeTSi); mokle 

kle-mo 

mokle 

gziebiT davalT; gonJ- 

gonJma 

sitKvebma damaberes... 

imerxeulSi zedsarTav saxels _ pata 

tara 

enacvleba amave 

mniSvnelobis sitKvebi _ pati 

tina 

da pawa 

wa, romlebic saxelobiT 

brunvaSi warmodgenilia sruli brunvis niSniT: pata 

tarai 

baƒala uer oqulSi (skolaSi) ar dava (dadis); pati 

tinai 

ƒobo 

(xbo) baxCaSi zovs; pawai 

Toƒi goukeTa Garysa (biysa)... 

mimarTebiTi zedsarTavi _ Zvelan 

lande 

deli 

gvxvdeba z…elan- 

duri 

ri-formiT (del→ dur): CÍenma didrovanebma z…elandu 

duri 

naTq…amebi Sigvinaxes; z…elandur 

urubasa (tansacmels) genJebi 

(axalgazrdebi) aGar wonilooben (iwoneben)... 

aq, iq-zmnizedebisagan eur-bolosarTiT nawarmoebia zedsarTavebi 

_ aqe…ri, iqe…ri (eur→eÍr): aqe…ri laparaki cota 

ar erigeba Tq…ensas; iqe…ri saTibebi C…ensa darCa... zog- 

Jer gvxvdeba aqevri 

ri, iqevri 

ri-formiTac. 

formiTa da SinaarsiT saKuradGeboa imerxeulisaTvis 

damaxasiaTebeli warmoqmnili da Txzuli zedsarTavebi, rogoricaa: 

saga 

gare 

reTo 

(gareT Casacmeli), saSi 

Sina 

naTo 

(Sin, oJaxur garemoSi 

Casacmeli), sagu 

gulev 

levlo 

lo (saguldagulo), sana 

namet 

metro 

(zedmeti), sana 

namu 

muso 

(warmosaCen adgilas Casacmeli), safe 

feri 

(Sesadari), saSe 

Seno 

(SenTvis gamosadegi), saCe 

Cemo 

(CemTvis gamosadegi), 

foTe 

Telai 

(merKevi, oryofi), Sina 

naTai 

(Sin, oJaxSi gamosadegi 

mxolod)... axalpi 

piri 

(axalgazrda dedali pirutKvi, romelmac 

pirvelad imSobiara), gulga 

garai 

(ugulo), guler 

lerTi 

(erTguli), feƒC…ili (msubuqi Kofaqcevis qali), fisimw…ra 

simw…ravi 

(Zunwi), ƒelmar 

marto 

(martoxela), ƒelwa 

wamo 

mosak 

sakra 

ravi 

(advilad dasamorCilebeli), 

Sori 

riax 

axlo 

(axlosa da Soris saSuali)... 

zogierTi mimarTebiTi zedsarTavi nawarmoebia Turquli 

enidan Semosuli sitKva-Zirebis gamoKenebiT: uraha 

haTo 

(arab. ra- 

67 

hat _ simSvide, dasveneba) _ mousvenari, uima 

mano 

(arab. iman 

_ rwmena) _ urwmuno, sabri 

briani 

(arab. sabir _ moTmena, gaZleba) 

_ damTmobi, momTmeni, hersi 

siani 

(arab. hirs _ brazi, risxva) 

_ mrisxane, braziani... 

xarisxis warmoeba umTavresad aGweriTia. rogorc mSobliur, 

ise nasesxeb zedsarTavebs emateba Turqul-arabuli 

warmoSobis nawilakebi, damxmare sitKvebi, rogoricaa: en (Kvelaze 

metad), fena (Zlier), daha (kidev ufro): en maali 

(umaGlesi) mTa karCxalia; fena lama 

mazi 

(ulamazesi) baƒala (qaliSvili) 

hKavs; daha gemri 

rieli 

(ugemrielesi) saymeli boloSi 

iymeva... ufroobiTi xarisxis u-s-mawarmoebliT mxolod erTi 

sitKva _ ukeTe 

Tesi 

_ Segvxvda, isic mxolod moxucTa metKvelebaSi. 

imerxeulSi odnaobiTi xarisxis formebi iSviaTad gvxvdeba, 

rogoricaa: modi 

dido 

do, momaGlo 

maGlo, mopa 

pawao 

wao, modab 

dablo 

lo, mosuf 

suf- 

To, mowmin 

mindo 

do, mokar 

kargo 

go, moTxe 

Txelo 

lo, mosqe 

sqelo 

lo, moSa 

Savo 

vo, moTeT 

TeT- 

ro, mona 

narin 

rinJo 

Jo, moKirmi 

mizo 

zo... odnaobiTi xarisxis formaa _ mo- 

dgmo (wvrilisa da msxvildis saSuali): windiTvin modgmo 

zafi 

davarTi... 

Turqulidan Semosula da damkvidrebula feris aGmniSvneli 

zedsarTavebi: mori 

(iis feri), mavi 

(lurJi), ÉeSi 

eSili 

(mwvane), Kirmi 

mizi 

(wiTeli), sari 

(KviTeli), saKizren 

rengi 

(vardisferi). 

Savi 

vi, TeTri 

ri, breSi 

(Sdr. saba–mreSi) _ ruxi jer kidev 

aqtiuri leqsikis erTeulebia imerxeulSi. 

zedsarTavebi _ axalgaz 

gazrda 

rda, moxu 

xuci 

ar Segvxvedria. 

axalgaz 

gazrda 

rda-s enacvleba an Turquli genJ-i (genç _ axalgazrda) 

an qarTuli mozde 

zde; moxuc 

xuc-is magivrad ki gamoiKeneba 

Turquli ÉaS 

aSli 

(yaşli _ moxuci) an qarTuli bebe 

beri 

ri: erTi 

mozde 

Garyi (biyi) gamogzavnes; genJe 

Jebi 

isameben amasa; ÉaS 

aSli 

var, Tirfani (celi) veGar momiwevnia; CÍeni bebe 

beri 

zor (ZaliT) 

goumuslimanebian... 

Turqulis gavleniT imerxeulSi ukve damkvidrebuli Cans 

zogierTi ucxoenovani zedsarTavi, rogoricaa: beqa 

qari 

(arab. 

bekar _ dauqorwinebeli), boSi 

(Turq. boş _ carieli), beTi 

68

(spar. bet _ cudi, saZageli), Taza 

(spar. taze _ axali, norCi), 

saGlami (Turq. sağlam _ JanmrTeli, saGi) sade 

(spar. sade _ 

sufTa, martivi, ubralo), qiba 

bari 

(arab. kibar _keTilSobili, 

Tavmomwone), SiSma 

mani 

(Turq. şişman _ msuqani), xira 

(Turq. hıra 

_ susti, myle), Jesu 

suri 

(arab. cesur _ gambedavi, uSiSari)... 

ucxoenovani zedsarTavebis erTi nawili Jer kidev mtkiced 

ar aris fexmokidebuli: C…eni eski 

(Zveli) g…aria gorgaze; 

z…eli 

(Zveli) naTq…amebi g…iKÍars; uzun (grZeli) zam- 

TarSi maƒuela; gzeli 

gargani gamaazro dedaberma; C…ena sade 

(sufTa) gurJebi varTa; sufTa 

laparaki aGar viciT, TurqCa 

wagvrevs iSta (ise)... 

imerxeulisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli zedsarTavebia aƒsi 

(Tavneba, mousvenari), balxi 

(susti, uGono), balxa 

xami 

(Kamiri 

miwa), dida 

dari 

(darbaiseli, warmosaCeni adamiani), Tuƒi (muqi), 

lursi 

(iribi), luƒi (binZuri, usufTao), simsxa 

sxami 

(umciresi), 

ulumeSa (uGrani, miuvali), fuKi (fuGuroiani), Glanai 

(uZluri), 

Kumra 

ralai 

(muqi wiTeli), KuCi (nelTbili), Sola 

larai 

(tanadi), ConCo 

(moSvebuli, dune), wkipi 

(wvrili Zafi), wore 

(sufTa, saGi, marTali) yknari 

(myle), xoSo 

Sori 

(mouridebeli, 

ukulturo), x…adi (mamaci, uSiSari, Seupovari)... 

imerxeulSi cocxalia Zveli qarTuli zedsarTavebi, rogoricaa: 

balan 

langa 

gari 

(uwvrTneli), bele 

leSa 

(rqadadrekili cxoveli), 

beCi 

(uykuo), dolia 

(urqo pirutKvi), durbe 

bela 

(Tbili, 

ugemuri wKali), Terzu 

zuli 

(daxnuli miwa), kanTa 

Tala 

(uwiTlesi), 

keSi 

(uxeSi), kermux 

muxti 

(myle) kipru 

ruyi 

(Zalian xmeli, magari), 

leKeci (umi), luti 

(ugemuri), mure 

reSai 

(wiTel–Savi), saGirai 

(SublTeTri pirutKvi), ubari 

(gamouKenebeli), ugvi 

(berwi), 

ugva 

vani 

(mitovebuli adgili), ugla 

lagar 

garJi 

(tlanqi), urge 

gebi 

(gamousadegari), ura (uwvrTneli), uƒmari 

(gamouKenebeli), 

ferde 

dela 

(SavTeTrad yreli pirutKvi), faSa 

Sari 

(uxeSi), finTi 

(avi, boroti), Gurka 

kani 

(mxrebSi waxrili; ukuGmarTi), Kafarai 

(TavSiSveli), KaKvi (metad Savi; yuyKiani), Kinto 

tori 

(Zalian civi), 

Colfo 

foti 

(ugemovno), Clongi 

(blagvi), Cubi 

bini 

(kargad, 

Sors mxedveli), yoye 

ye (wKliani, dayaobebuli adgili), xrilai 

69 

(msxvilad dafquli), xvere 

refi 

(fxvieri miwa), JinJi 

Jixi 

(cxelisa 

da Tbilis saSuali), Jixma 

maku 

kuri 

(daufiqreblad naTqvami)... 

imerxeulis safuZvliani Seswavla qarTuli enis lingvistur 

suraTs bevr saintereso masalas SesZens enaTa kontaqtebisa 

da Zveli qarTuli leqsikis ukeT warmoCenis TvalsazrisiT. 

n a T e l a q u T e l i a 

diaq 

aqro 

roni 

niuli fono 

notaq 

taqti 

tika da siste 

temis element 

mentTa 

transfor 

sforma 

macia 

harmoniul kompleqsTa A da B sistemis Jgufebi markirebulia 

saerTo qarTveluri fonologiuri sistemis TvalsazrisiT 

(g. mayavariani). amave dros kanonikuria zanuri (resp. megrullazuri) 

fonotaqtikis gaTvaliswinebiT, radgan savsebiT Seesabameba 

fonemaTa SeerTebis struqturul kanonzomierebas: 

70 

megruli 

A B 

bg fq pk bG fx pK 

dg Tq tk dG Tx tK 

Zg cq wk ZG cx wK 

Jg Cq yk JG Cx yK 

lazuri 

A B 

bg; fq; bG; fx; pK; 

bg>mbg>mg fq>mfq>mq; pk mbG>mG; fx>mfx; pK>pk 

bg//mg fq>mq>q bG>mG; bG>mG>G fx>mx pK>pk>k; pK>p 

dg Tq tk dG Tx tK 

Zg cq wk ZG cx wK 

Jg Cq yk JG Cx yK

sistemis modelis CamoKalibeba eqvemdebareba fonotaqtikis 

wesebs, magram fonetikuri substancia SeiZleba daemorCilos 

cvlilebebs. amitom gaugebaria ratom ar mogvepoveba sakmarisi 

safuZveli harmoniul JgufTa labialuri rigis postulirebisaTvis 

megrulSi da ratom unda davtovoT isini sqemis 

gareSe, rogorc arakanonikuri Jgufebi. 

zanuri fonologiuri sistemis TvalsazrisiT sistemis 

wevrebi ganicdian transformacias, magram fonotaqtikuri modeli 

stabiluri rCeba qarTulis mimarT, rac uflebas gvaZlevs 

vivaraudoT, rom harmoniul kompleqsTa Jgufebi 

CamoKalibda qarTvelur dialeqtTa erTianobis epoqaSi. 

harmoniul JgufTa A da B sistemebi mKaria da dadasturebuli 

arian Kvela qarTvelur enebSi da erTnairi paradigmatuli 

sixSiriT ar xasiaTdebian. amave dros fonotaqtikis 

TvalsazrisiT maTi fonetikuri substanciis gardaqmnebi kanonikuri 

struqturis farglebs ar scildeba. 

m i x e i l q u r d i a n i 

uZve 

vele 

lesi iranu 

nuli soci 

ciolin 

lingvis 

gvistu 

turi mode 

deli 

da misi mniSvne 

vnelo 

loba mezo 

zobe 

beli qveKnebis enobri 

rivi 

poli 

liti 

tikis formi 

mire 

reba 

baze 

(saqarTvelos magaliTze) 

aqemenidTa patara monoeTnikuri da monolingvuri qveKnis 

did polieTnikur da multilingvur iranis imperiad gadaqcevis 

procesSi mraval uprecedento socialur da kulturul 

tradicias CaeKara safuZveli. am faqtorebma gadamwKveti 

gavlena moaxdines iranis msoflio imperiis mezobeli saxelmwifoebis 

ganviTarebaze da iqcnen iranuli saxelmwifos ucvlel 

markerebad. 

erTi aseTi unikaluri tradicia binaruli struqturis 

71 

saxiT CamoKalibda. es aris iranuli administraciuli da sociolingvisturi 

modelebi, romelTa saTavec aqemenidTa imperiis 

epoqaSia povnieri da romlebic garkveuli modifikaciebiT 

dGemde funqcionireben. 

rogor paradoqsuladac ar unda jGerdes, aqemenidTa 

(mogvianebiT ki arSakidTa da sasanidTa) irani warmoadgenda 

feodalur federacias, Tu sulac konfederacias ara _ ucnobs 

msoflios politikur istoriaSi. axali iranuli Tu 

ucxoenovani qveKnis (resp. saxelmwifos) daKrobisas irani, rogorc 

wesi, cvlida mxolod maTi saxelmwifoebriobis da damoukideblobis 

xarisxs, magram ar cvlida SemoerTebuli teritoriis 

saxelwodebas, sazGvrebs da mmarTvel samefo dinastiasac 

ki. iranis mefeTa tituli iKo `Sahin-Sahi~ anu mefeT-mefe, 

radgan iranis imperiaSi Semaval qveKnebs sakuTari Sahebi anu 

mefeebi hKavdaT. 

Kvela am qveKnis, romelTa erTi nawili arairanulenovani 

iKo, erT saxelmwifod integraciisa da sxvadasxva enaze metKvel 

eTnosTa erT erad formirebisaTvis, aucilebeli iKo 

sagangebo sociolingvisturi modelis CamoKalibeba da iranma 

Seqmna aseTi modeli _ sruliad unikaluri da uprecedento: 

enaTa funqciebi gaiKo, gaimiJna anu moxda maTi ranjireba _ saxelmwifo 

enam (elamurma, arameulma, Zvelma sparsulma, saSualma 

sparsulma, axalma sparsulma) aiGo Tavze polivalenturi 

funqcia (kancelariis, religiis, mecnierebis, ganaTlebis, 

mxatvruli literaturis, eTnosTaSorisi urTierTobis ena da 

sxv.), magram Kvela danarCen umwerlobo enas SeunarCunda SidaeTnikur 

urTierTobaTa enis funqcia (oJaxisa da folkloris 

ena da sxv.) da saxelmwifo ena ar cdilobda maT am funqciaSi 

Carevas. 

enebi, romlebsac damwerlobis xangrZlivi, didi da 

uwKveti tradicia hqondaT, romlebic manamde an odesme 

aGyurvili iKvnen saxelmwifo enis funqciiT, cxadia SeZlebisdagvarad 

cdilobdnen konkurencia gaewiaT axali saxelmwifo 

enisaTvis. amitom es enebi Sediodnen saxelmwifo enasTan kon- 

72

fliqtSi da rogorc wesi eqvemdebarebodnen represiebs saxelmwifos 

mxridan. sruliad sxva situacia iKo umwerlobo enebis 

SemTxvevaSi: isini ar warmoadgendnen saxelmwifo enis opozicias, 

ar acxadebdnen pretenzias romelime oficialur sferoSi 

saxelmwifo enis Canacvlebaze da, Sesabamisad, arc represirdebodnen. 

sociolingvisturi modeli, romelic CamoKalibda iranSi, 

SeiZleba daxasiaTebuli iqnes rogorc diglosiuri bilingvizmi 

(sadac diglosia gagebul unda iqnes rogorc enaTa ierarqia 

prestijulobis mixedviT, xolo bilingvizmi _ rogorc savaldebulo 

codna an Tundac gamoKeneba ori enisa). 

am modelma: a) moaxdina konsolidacia (resp. integracia) 

iranis saxelmwifoSi mcxovrebi Kvela eTnosisa erT erad; 

b) daicva, gnebavT, gadaarCina umwerlobo enebi, raki moixsna 

enaTa konkurencia, radgan kompetenciebi saxelmwifo da patua 

enebs Soris mkacrad iKo ganawilebuli funqcionirebis sfero- 

Ta mixedviT. irani aGmoCnda erTaderTi imperia, romelSic SenarCunebul 

iqna TiTqmis Kvela umwerlobo ena, romlebic sasanidebis 

epoqidan moKolebuli, CvenTvis cnobil wKaroebSi 

isKvnen moxseniebulni (qurTuli, gilanuri, TaliSuri, TaTuri, 

beluJuri da sxv.) 

elinistur epoqaSi (Zv. w. 303-302 wlebSi) CamoKalibebuli 

qarTuli (resp. sruliad qarTuli) saxelmwifos Semqmnelma 

mefe farnavazma qarTuli matianeebis Tanaxmad saxelmwifos administraciuli 

mowKobis modeli iranisgan aiGo: ~esreT ganawesa 

ese soveli farnavaz mimsgavsebulad samefosa sparsTasa~ 

(`qarTlis cxovreba~, I, 1955: 25). misganve gadmoiGo sociolingvisturi 

modelic. 

saqarTvelos samefo, iseve, rogorc mis nimuSad aGebuli 

aqemeniduri irani, feodalur federacias warmoadgenda da Sesabamisad 

saqarTvelos mefeTa, iseve, rogorc iranis mefeTa 

tituli iKo mefeT-mefe, radgan saqarTvelos gaerTianebul samefoSi 

Semaval qveKnebs sakuTari mefeebic hKavdaT. 

farnavazma mis gaerTianebul samefoSi Semaval Kvela er- 

Teuls SeunarCuna saxeli, administraciuli sazGvrebi, mmar- 

Tveli dinastia, saSinao saqmeebSi TviTmmarTveloba da a.S. sainteresoa 

rom am teritoriebma Tavisi administraciuli sazGvrebiTa 

da saxelwodebebiT dGemde moaGwies da rodesac mefeT-mefe 

daviT aGmaSenebelma (1089-1125) saqarTvelo imperiad 

aqcia da mis sazGvrebSi moaqcia bevri sxva qarTveluri da 

araqarTveluri tomebiT dasaxlebuli qveKnebi, man Caatara reforma, 

darios I-is reformis tipisa, gaamsxvila administraciuli 

erTeulebi da daniSna maTSi araadgilobrivi gubernatorebi, 

magram am gamsxvilebul erTeulebSi SeKvanili qveKnebis 

tradiciuli sazGvrebi ar Seucvlia. 

mefeT-mefe farnavazis mier Zv.w. 284 wels saxelmwifo 

enad gamocxadebuli qarTuli _ gaxda saxelmwifo ena ara mxolod 

am sitKvis viwro mniSvnelobiT, anu samefo kancelariis 

ena, aramed is aGiyurva polivalenturi funqciiT da gaxda 

ganaTlebis, mecnierebis, literaturis, kulturisa da religiis 

erTaderTi ena qarTul saxelmwifoSi da asea dGemde (afxazeTis 

avtonomiaSi qarTul enasTan erTad saxelmwifo enis 

funqciiT aGyurvilia afxazuri enac). 

imjamindel saqarTvelos saxelmwifoSi gaerTianebuli 

mcire qveKnebis Kvela enam (da dialeqtma) gaiTavisa saxelmwifo 

enis sociolingvisturi dialeqtis (patua enis) statusi 

da Kvela maTganma ugamonaklisod moaGwia dGemde (qarTveluri 

enebidan: svanurma da zanurma anu megrul-lazurma, bacburma, 

romelic iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa oJaxis naxur-daGestnuri 

Jgufis naxuri qveJgufis erT-erTi enaa da sxv.) xolo Kvela 

es tomebi erTian da ganuKofel qarTvel ers Seadgenen. 

interess moklebuli ar unda iKos is faqtic, rom arcTu 

Soreul warsulSi, XIX saukunis 30-an wlebSi am, ukve 

iranul-qarTuli, sociolingvisturi modelis realizacia kidev 

erTxel moxda kavkasiaSi, kerZod daGestanSi sadac xunZurandiur-didour 

enebze metKveli xalxebis erT erad konsolidacia 

daiwKo xunZuri koines `bol maw~-is anu `Jaris enis~ safuZvelze 

da minimum 14, komparativistuli TvalsazrisiT 

73 

74

ueyveli ena, romlebic umwerloboa, ganarZobs arsebobas xun- 

Zuri oficialuri (resp. saliteraturo) enis sociolingvisturi 

dialeqtis statusiT, xolo am patua-enebze metKveli tomebi 

xunZi eris warmomadgenlebad aGiricxebian. 

m e d e a G l o n t i 

wuTis seman 

manti 

tiku 

kuri funqci 

qciisa 

saTvis qarTul 

TulSi 

sulxan-saba orbelianis `leqsikon qarTulSi~ Semonaxulia 

leqsikur-kalendaruli metaTezisis erTi ucnauri faqti: 

`wu 

wuTi 

(1 mef. 14, 9) _ wamTan naxe. erTi wami sameoci wuTia. 

erTi wami sameoc wuTad ganiKofvebian~. `wa 

wami 

_ aqvs Jamsa er- 

Tsa wami samoci; xolo erTsa wamsa _ wuTi samoci; wuTsa er- 

Tsa _ kesi...~ 

rogorc vxedavT, XVIII saukunis damdegisTvis qarTulSi 

wuTiT 

aGiniSneboda dGevandeli wami 

mi, da winaukmod _ wami 

dGevandeli wuTis 

aGmniSvneli iKo. amave saleqsikono uwKebas 

gvawvdis daviT CubinaSvili. 

KuradGebas iqcevs wuTi 

Tisa 

da wamis 

semantikur funqcia- 

Ta gadanawileba, viTarca motivireba wuT- da wam- fuZeTa Semcveli 

ramdenime leqsikuri erTeulis saxeldebisa. 

wami 

mi: g. rogava ar miiCnevs sarwmunod qarT. wam- `wamis~ 

da megr. wum-/wun 

wun- (meore komponenti kompozitisa aka-wunTs 

èrT-wuTs~) `wamis~ SesatKvisobas (al. cagareli, i. KifSiZe), 

da gamoavlens kanonzomier SesatKvisebs: qarT. wam- `wami, drois 

umciresi erTeuli~, romelic amosavalia zanurisaTvis 

yum-e, yum-an-i `dila~, o-yum 

yum-ar-e `xval~ da svanurisaTvis ham- 

`dila~, hams `dilas~ (zanuris kanonzomieri svanuri korelati 

daadgina k. Smidtma). qarTuli wamis 

`drois umciresi monakve- 

Ti~ tipologiur paralelad saxeldeba laT. secunda `meore~; 

moZv. `wami~. 

75 

wami 

Zvel qarTulSi polisemantikuria da aGniSnavs: er- 

Ti mxriv _ `Tvalis quTuToT niSnebas~ (sulxan-saba), `wamwams~, 

`daxamxamebas~, `Tvals~, meore mxriv _ `sasworis uGlis 

Suaze aGmarTul isars~ da mesame mxriv _ dGevandel `wuTs~. 

swored wami 

`wamwami; daxamxameba~ aris amosavali kalendaruli 

terminisaTvis wami 

(Sdr. Zveli qarTuli wam-wam 

`drodadro~). 

Zvelsave qarTulSi wami 

mi-sgan momdinarea zmnebi: wamis 

mis- 

Kofa `TvaliT niSneba; Sexedva~, wamwa 

wame 

meba 

`Tvalis Cakvra, 

(mi)niSneba~); aseve wame 

meba 

ba, mowa 

wame 

me-Kofa 

`damowmeba; dasturi; 

martviloba~ (i. abulaZe, z. sarJvelaZe). 

wuTi 

Ti: g. rogava miuTiTebs, rom wuTis 

(rogorc wamis 

mis) 

amosavali semantika ufro konkretuli sagnis aGmniSvnelTan 

aris dakavSirebuli, kerZod: qarT. wuTi 

`drois umciresi monakveTi~ 

momdinareobs wueTa 

`wveTavs~, wueT 

eT-i `wveTi~-dan 

(Sdr. laT. minutes `mcire, patara, wvrili~). 

qarTuli wueT 

eT-is megrul SesatKviss yvaT-i/yveT 

yveT- `wveTi~ 

da lazur yveT-/yuT 

yuT-s (o-yuT 

yuT-u-a `sawveTuri~) ar miuGia wu- 

Tis mniSvneloba. lazuris semantika nawilobriv sxvaobs: -yvaT 

yvaTal-a/o-yuT 

yuT-a-ra `sanagve~ (qarTuli da megruli enebis masalis 

SesatKvisoba daadgina al. cagarelma; *wu 

wueT 

eT-/wuT 

wuT- arqetipebi 

qarTul-lazuri erTianobis xanisaTvis aGadgina g. klimovma). 

i. KifSiZis miTiTebiT, megruli wunTi 

`wuTi~ qarTuli warmomavlobisaa 

( wuTi 

_ n-s ganviTarebiT). 

meore mxriv, variantebi wueT 

eT-/wuT 

wuT- (umarcvlo u-Ti) 

amosavalSi zmnur Zirad aris miCneuli (Zv. qarT. wueT 

eT-/wuT 

wuT-: 

wueT 

eT-i; wueT 

eT-av-s; s-wuT 

wuT-i-s). igi qarTulSi daedo safuZvlad 

axal kalendarul leqsikur erTeuls wuT-i `wuTi~, romlis 

SesatKvisi qarTvelur enebSi ar dasturdeba. amasTan, wuTi 

Ti, 

Tavisi Tavdapirveli semantikiT, gamoxatavda ara drois konkretul 

monakveTs, aramed drouli monakveTis simcires _ 

`mcire xniT, droebiT~: wuT(Ga 

Ga) `cotaGa~; wuTerT 

`cota, 

mcired; male, droebiT~ (a. arabuli). 

am mxriv sagulisxmoa wmida ioanes saxarebis mTawmidise- 

76

ul redaqciaSi dafiqsirebuli mcired jam, romliTac Senacvlebulia 

wuTerT 

(ioane 13, 33). mcired jam zedmiwevniTi 

Targmania Zveli berZnuli mikros 

ros, mikron 

`mcire, mcired~-isa. 

wuTi da wami 

mi: am ori kalendaruli terminis amosavali 

semantika marTlac konkretul saganTa aGmniSvnelebTan aris 

dakavSirebuli (wu 

wuTi 

`drois umciresi erTeuli~ wueTi 

`wveTi~, wueTa 

`wveTva~; wami 

`drois mcire erTeuli~ wami 

`wamwami; daxamxameba~). magram wuT-isa da wam-is, aseve am fuZe- 

Tagan nawarmoeb leqsikur erTeulTa semantikis ganviTarebis 

(mniSvnelobis gadawevis da semantikuri funqciis gafarToebis) 

analizma cxadKo, rom ukve Zvel qarTulSi wuTiT 

TiT, aseve wuTis 

Semcveli leqsikuri erTeulebiT, umTavresad gadmoicema mKi- 

siero 

roba 

ba, merKe 

rKeoba 

ba, xanmok 

mokle 

leoba 

ba, droebi 

biTo 

Toba 

ba, warmav 

mavlo 

loba 

_ 

saaqaosi, wuTisoflisa, Sdr.: 

Zv. qarT. wuTi 

`wuTieri; warmavali~, wuTa 

Tadi 

`wuTieri, 

droebiTi~, wuTer 

TerTo 

Toba 

`warmavloba~, wuTis 

TisSi 

Sina 

naga 

gani 

`wuTieri; 

xanmokle~, wuTja 

jami 

`wuTieri~, wuTja 

jamo 

moba 

`xanmokleoba~, wu- 

TerT `cota; mcired; male; droebiT~, wuT-wuT 

`xSirad~, sa- 

wuTro 

ro, sawu 

wuTo 

`droebiTi, warmavali; saaqao, wuTisofeli~. 

wuTis 

Tisgan 

gansxvavebiT, wami 

mi, miuxedavad Tavisi polisemantikurobisa, 

ar ukavSirdeba warmav 

mavlo 

lobas 

da arc msgavs semantikur 

funqcias itvirTavs. 

wuT-isa da wam-is semantikur funqciaTa amgvari gadanawilebis 

utyuar mowmed gvesaxeba SesaniSnavi qarTuli sityva 

_ wuTi 

Tiso 

sofe 

feli 

li, Zveli qarTuli sofe 

feli 

li, igive sawuT 

wuTro 

ro, sa- 

wuTo 

To. Zveli qarTuli zedsarTavi saxeli sawuT 

wuTro 

ro, sawu 

wuTo 

`wuTieri, droebiTi, warmavali~ imavdroulad aGmniSvnelia 

`saaqaosi, wuTisoflisa~ (Sdr. Zveli qarTuli grZel-sa 

sawuT 

wuT- 

ro `xnieri; dGegrZeli~): `nu iKofin Senda GmerT sawuT 

wuTro 

[=warmavali]~ (fsalmunni 80, 10); `SegcodeT, viTarca kacTa 

sawuT 

wuTro 

roÁsa 

saTa 

[=wuTisoflisa] da soflis-moKuareTa~ (`wmida 

SuSanikis martviloba~). 

Zveli qarTuli sofe 

feli 

aGniSnavda `samKaros; qveKanas; 

mxares; samTavros; mamuls; dabas~. sulxan-sabasTvis sawuT 

wuTro 

ès sofelia~, anu saaqaoa. igi miuTiTebs wKaros wmida pavles 

epistoledan 2 korinTelTa mimarT (4, 17): `rameTu sawu 

wuTo 

ToÁ 

ese mcire yiri Cueni gardametebulsa da gardareulsa didsa 

didebasa saukunesa Seiqms CuenT‚s~. sakuTriv sofels 

qarTveli 

leqsikografi amgvarad ganmartavs: `so 

sofe 

feli 

sam saxed iTqmis: 

sukuno igi sofeli da wuTisofeli da kacis bunebac 

soflad iTqmis. sofe 

feli 

ewodebis sruliad sawuTrosa~. sawu 

wu- 

To-s gaswvriv ki `leqsikon qarTulSi~ sagulisxmodaa Cawerili: 

`wuTis xnisa, gina es sofeli~. 

axla ukve gasagebi xdeba, Tu ra mizeziT ar mogvepoveba 

saaqaos, ama soflis, qveKnis aGmniSvnelad leqsikuri erTeulebi 

_ wami-sofeli an sawamo! da sawu 

wuTos 

(sa 

sawuT 

wuTros 

ros), wuTi 

Ti- 

soflis 

saxeldebisas ratom SeCerda qarTveli sitKvaTSemoqmedis 

arCevani ara wamze 

ze, aramed swored wuTze 

_ saaTobrivkalendaruli 

sistemis mcire sazomi erTeulis aGmniSvnel im 

terminze, romelmac itvirTa semantikuri funqcia xanmok 

mokle 

leo- 

bisa 

sa, droebi 

biTo 

Tobi 

bisa 

da warmav 

mavlo 

lobi 

bisa 

sa, anu ama soflis, saaqaos 

bunebis gamomxatveli umTavresi maxasiaTeblisa. 

v a j a S e n g e l i a 

fragmen 

mente 

tebi mogo 

gone 

nebi 

bidan akade 

demi 

mikos 

arnold Ciqo 

qoba 

bava 

vaze 

ze. XXIX-XXXVI 

XXXIX. arn. Ciqobava specialistebis mier gamoTqmul 

axal da argumentirebul mosazrebebs interesiT da gagebiT 

xvdeboda, miesalmeboda, magram dausabuTebel Tvalsazriss ver 

egueboda. erTxel (70-ian wlebSi) Cvens institutSi sakavSiro 

samecniero konferencia gaimarTa dialeqtologiisa da enis istoriis 

sakiTxebze. konferenciaSi, qarTvel mecnierebTan er- 

Tad, monawileobas iGebdnen kolegebi kavkasiis sxvadasxva regi- 

77 

78

onidan, moskovidan, leningradidan, kievidan, kiSinovidan... ramdenime 

axalgazrda gamovida moxsenebebiT, romlebSic, rbilad 

rom vTqvaT, Tamami, magram dausabuTebeli Tvalsazrisebi iKo 

gamoTqmuli, Tanac ise, rom sxva mecnierTa azri ganxilul sakiTxze 

ar iKo saTanadod gaTvaliswinebuli. b-ma arnoldma SemaJamebel 

sitKvaSi, romelSic konferenciaze wakiTxul moxsenebaTa 

av-kargze iKo msJeloba, aGniSna: В науке нужна смелость, а не 

храбрость... Кавалерийские наскоки тут могут иметь только временные 

успехи... bunebrivia, Kvela mixvda, visi misamarTiTac iKo naTqvami 

es sitKvebi... 

XXX. enaTmecnierul muSaobas arn. Ciqobava udarebda memaGaroisa 

da metalurgis Sromas; aGniSnavda, rom enaTmecniers 

enobrivi madnis mopovebac uxdeba (memaGarois msgavsad) da 

misi gadamuSavebac (metalurgis msgavsad). yeSmariti enaTmecnieri 

am ori saxis samuSaos organulad unda uxamebdeso... 

XXXI. cnobili saenaTmecniero diskusiis wina periodSi 

erT-erTi Sexvedrisas stalins ukiTxavs: moskovis universitetis 

filologiis fakultetis dekani vin ariso? 

arn. Ciqobava: profesori Cemodanovi. 

stalini: ra kacia es Cemodanovi? 

arn. Ciqobava: piradad ar vicnob, magram erTi wigni aqvs 

enaTmecnierebaSi sxvasTan TanaavtorobiT... 

Semdeg, politbiuros wevrebis Sekrebaze stalins ganucxadebia: 

Cemodanovi moskovis universitetSi dekanad muSaobs, 

vinogradovi ki zis (gadasaxlebulia), es rogor SeiZlebao... 

ramdenime dGeSi v. vinogradovi moskovSi daabrunes da 

filologiis fakultetis dekanad da enaTmecnierebis institutis 

direqtorad daniSnes, ssrk mecnierebaTa akademiis akademikos-mdivanic 

gaxda... 

akad. v. vinogradovi xSirad umeorebda b-n arnolds: 

Tqven gadamarCineT, kacad maqcieTo... moskovSi Casvlisas sadgurSi 

xvdeboda, Sinac epatijeboda, gamomgzavrebisas acileb- 

79 

da... eubneboda: akademikosad unda wargadginoTo... imdenJer gaumeorebia, 

rom b-n arnolds erTxelac ironiiT miugia: me er- 

Ti ubralo glexis Svili var da Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis 

profesorad rom viTvlebi, CemTvis esec zedmetiao... 

b-n arnoldis komentari: etKoba, eloda Cemgan, rom 

vetKodi, oGond Tqven es gaakeTeT da Tqveni survilis amsrulebeli 

viqnebio. 

XXXI. arn. Ciqobavas ramdenJerme SesTavazes ssrk mecnierebaTa 

akademiis wevr-korespondentad wardgena, magram man 

mtkice uari ganucxada... me saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis 

akademikosi var da amaze rom davTanxmde, Cveni akademiis SeuracxKofa 

iqnebao... 

XXXII. saenaTmecniero diskusiamde arn. Ciqobavas enaTmecnierTa 

garkveuli Jgufi imis gamo ebrZoda, rom n. maris 

àxal saenaTmecniero moZGvrebas~ _ èrTaderT marqsistul 

moZGvrebas~, ar iziarebda da sakmaod mwvaved akritikebda. diskusiis 

Semdeg aGniSnuli adamianebis nawili saKvedurs gamo- 

Tqvamda: mars arasakmaod akritikebso. maT Sesaxeb b-ni arnoldi 

sinanulnarevi ironiiT ambobda: iumoris grZnoba akliaTo... 

XXXIII. politbiuros zemoaGniSnul Sekrebaze molotovi, 

sanam stalini Semovidoda, GimiliT imeorebda n. maris 

oTxi elementis saxelebs: sal, ber, on, roS... sal, ber, on, 

roS... sal, ber, on, roS (arn. Ciqobavas sadiskusio werili 

hqonda wakiTxuli). sxvebi mdumared isxdnen. stalinis Semosvlis 

Semdeg isic dadumda... 

XXXIV. arn. Ciqobavas mraval did mecnierTan akavSirebda 

megobruli urTierToba, maT Soris _ did qarTvel mecnierTan, 

fiziolog iv. beritaSvilTan. erTxel iv. beritaSvili 

meuGlesTan erTad swvevia b-n arnolds oqroKanaSi. sakmaod 

xangrZlivi saubris Semdeg b-n ivanes winadadebiT mTawmindis 

80

parkisken gauseirniaT (b-ni arnoldi, b-ni ivane da maTi 

meuGleebi). karuselebTan rom misulan, b-n ivanes SeuTavazebia: 

karuselze davsxdeTo _ laparakia e. w. èSmakis borbalze~. 

didxans uarobda b-ni arnoldi, magram bolos daTanxmebula 

(qalbatonebi dabla darCnen)... saubarSi garTulebs daviwKebiT 

Turme Camosvla da meore wreze wasulan... q-ni T. KiasaSvili 

amas rom miambobda, b-ni arnoldi CaerTo da TiTqos 

moibodiSa: ucnauri kaci iKo ivane, mTxova da uari ver vuTxario... 

XXXV. b-ni arnoldi quTaisSi sadalaqos ewvia erTxel 

dalaqi Tan parsavs erT moqalaqes, Tan iqve mJdom pirs xmamaGla 

elaparakeba. amasobaSi ramdenime adgilas kanic gauyra... 

klienti aGSfoTebiT uKviris: Tqven, batono, etKoba ordenis 

miGeba gindaT Cemi Kelis gamoyraSio... 

dalaqi: biZia, me Tqveni ganaTlebisaTvis vzrunav, Tvara 

am bikentias KoveldGe vxvdebi, karis mezobelia Cemio... 

b-ni arnoldi: enakvimati xalxia quTaiselebio. 

XXXVI. mamaCemi _ grigol Sengelia, romelmac 1930 

wels daamTavra Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti, TxuTmeti 

wlis ganmavlobaSi (gardacvalebamde) aswavlida qarTul enasa 

da literaturas erwo-TianeTSi, manglisSi, TbilisSi... amas- 

Tan, samecniero muSaobasac eweoda; ekuTvnis werilebi qarTuli 

enisa da literaturis swavlebis sakiTxebze; ori wignis 

Tanaavtoric aris (gr. Sengelias Sesaxeb patara statia qarTuli 

enciklopediis me-10 tomSi daibeyda _ arn. Ciqobavas winadadebiT). 

xSirad stumrobda Tavis maswavlebels _ arn. Ciqobavas 

erTi suraTic SemomrCa, sadac b-n arnoldis binaSi magidas 

usxedan: b-ni arnoldi, q-ni Tamari, b-ni arnoldis da _ 

ivlita da mamaCemi (suraTi q-n q. lomTaTiZes gadauGia). 

1938 wels mamaCems daumTavrebia wigni `metKvelebis ganviTarebisaTvis 

saSualo skolaSi~ (Tanaavtori _ p. xubutia) 

gamocemamde wigni sarecenziod gadauciaT ramdenime pirisa- 

81 

Tvis, maT Soris _ arn. CiqobavasaTvisac. mamaCemis arqivSi 

Semonaxulia es recenzia... b-ni arnoldi mokled axasiaTebs 

wigns, laparakobs mis naklovanebaTa Sesaxeb, xolo daskvnis saxiT 

aGniSnavs: `wignSi ganxilulia Kvela is sakiTxi, romelsac 

miznad aqvs moswavlis metKvelebis ganviTareba. amdenadve wigni 

aqtualur sakiTxebs exeba. wigni damuSavebulia keTilsindisierad 

da Cveni saSualo skolisaTvis sargeblobis motana SeuZlia... 

saTanado SesworebaTa Setanis Semdeg wigni SeiZleba daibeydos: 

igi sasargeblo damxmare wigni iqneba saSualo skolisaTvis~. 

r e v a z S e r o z i a 

`ve 

vefxistKaos 

fxistKaosnis leqsi 

siki 

kidan 

dan~ II 

1. poemaSi sakmaod xSirad gvxvdeba dia sitKva. sxvadasxva 

konteqstSi mas ramdenime mniSvneloba aqvs: diaG, diaGac, ra 

Tqma unda, oGondac, gacilebiT; Zalian, Zlier; bevri; bevrad 

(ix. n. naTaZis `vefxistKaosnis~ saskolo gamocema, 1986): 

dia gasca saboZvari 123.3 (bevri) 

viTa Smagi SevkrTi dia 356.3 (Zalian, Zlier) 

yirni, misgan unaxavni, dia, vismca garduxdian?! 754,4 (dialeqtur) 

movaxsene: `dia, GmerTo, brZaneba vqmna meca Tqveni~ 435.3 (diaG) 

dia, GmerTo, brZanebaa ege Tqveni 1172.4 (diaG, ra Tqma unda) 

dia, GmerTo, winaSe var, ese Cemgan dadasturda 1534.4 

(diaG, oGondac) 

Tvara me Cemda, ig misda, dia sJobs kidis–kidoba 1496.4 

(gacilebiT, diaGac) . . . 

gamomcemel-komentatoris ganmartebebi (frCxilebSi Ca- 

82

smuli sitKvebi) SeiZleba rig SemTxvevaSi dasazustebeli iKos. 

2. `vefxistKaosnis~ garda dia Zvel qarTvelur mwerlobaSi 

dadasturebuli aqvs z. sarJvelaZes: `dia 

Zlier. dia msuroda 

SenTvis~. igive forma Setanilia `sitKvis konaSi~. aq 

`diaG~ da `bevri~ mniSvnelobiT dia or sxvadasxva erTeulad 

aris warmodgenili. aqvea diadi 

di, idiada 

da, diaG, diamc 

. . . 

formebi. es ukanaskneli sulxan-sabas ganmartebiT aris 

`mKofobis sacilebeli~, xolo xevsurulSi igi `did-didis~ 

aGmniSvnelia (xevs. leqsikoni). diaG (`friadsaviT~, saba), a. 

SaniZis mosazrebiT, momdinareobs `dia GmerTosagan~, Tavad 

dia ki _ diadi sitKvidan. Tu am mosazrebas gaviziarebT, gaurkveveli 

rCeba, erTi mxriv, G-s warmomavloba da funqcia, meore 

mxriv, diad 

Ziria Tu fuZe. 

3. a. SaniZis mixedviT, diadi 

← did-ad-i) g. klimovis 

TvalsazrisiT did reduplicirebuli fuZea. aseTi segmentacia 

Zirad di-s gamogvaKofinebs, rasac mxars dauyerda megrulis 

di (gakvirvebis gamomxatveli Sorisdebuli) dia, diTa 

Ta, didu 

du; 

dioJer 

er), diode 

de//di 

diode 

de... formebi. amaTgan dia igive Cans, rac 

`vefxistKaosnis~ dia: 

dia, GoronT(i), neba sqani!: `dia, GmerTo, neba Senia. . .~ 

amgvarad, dia forma identuria saliteraturo variantsa da 

megrul metKvelebaSi. msgavsi viTareba gvaqvs di Zirisagan 

warmoqmnil didi 

fuZis SemTxvevaSic. rac Seexeba megrulis 

`dio 

dio~ da misgan nawarmoeb diode 

de//dior 

orde 

formebs, sarwmuno 

ar unda iKos specialur literaturaSi fiqsirebuli mosazrebebi: 

diorde 

dua/doa>dio (S. lomaia). 

83 

i z a C a n t l a Z e, g u b a z v a n i l i S i 

lazur tipo 

ponim 

nimTa siste 

tema 

,,di 

didi nena 

nafo 

fonas 

nas~ 

mixed 

xedviT 

2000 wels qalaq froidenStatSi kavkasiis gamomcemlobam 

dabeyda oTxenovani (lazur-germanul-Turqul-qarTuli) leqsikono, 

romelsac ,,didi lazuri leqsikoni~ hqvia, Tumca 148 

gverds moicavs. wignis momzadebaSi monawileoba miiGo rva pirovnebam 

(tine amse-de iongi, yeme Cupina, volfgang foierStaini, 

fahri kahramani, Jemal karadenizli, selma koCiva, ciala narakiZe) 

germaniis, TurqeTisa da saqarTvelos respublikebidan. 

maT Soris zogi enaTmecnieria, zogic _ biznesmeni. leqsikonis 

publikacia ekuTvnis golfgang foierStains, xolo naSromi mieZGvna 

,,lazuri enisa da kulturis ostats~ fahri kahramans, 

romelmac Kvelaze meti gaakeTa am wignis arsebobisaTvis, magram, 

samwuxarod mis gamocemamde gardaicvala. 

leqsikoni iwKeba fahri kahramanis daxasiaTebiT, romelsac 

Tan axlavs didi lazi swavlulis fotoc da misi cnobili 

gamonaTqvamic: laziSeni oxenon dido dulafe qoren (,,lazisaTvis 

gasakeTebeli didi saqmeebi aris~); da marTlac asea! 

upirveles Kovlisa, Cven SevexebiT ,,didi nenafona~-Si 

warmodgenil lazur toponimebs. wigns axlavs germanulenovani 

winasitKvaoba, romlis mixedviTac lazuri nawilia samxreTkavkasiur 

enaTa Jgufisa, romelsac ganekuTneba, agreTve, qarTuli, 

megruli da svanuri. masSi oTxi didi dialeqti 

gamoiKofa. esenia: aTinuri, arTaSenuli, arqabul-viwuri (an 

Sualzuri) da xofuri. leqsemebs miwerili aqvT Sesabamisi dialeqturi 

formebi, maT Soris toponimebsac, Tumca, rasakvirvelia, 

Kvela SemTxvevaSi oTxive monacemi miTiTebuli araa. 

zogJer gamotovebulia qarTuli SesatKvisebic. 

samwuxarod, lazuri toponimebi dGemde srulKofilad 

ar aris Seswavlili. mxolod i. sixaruliZis monografia, romelSic 

aGwerilia eTnografiul-istoriuli lazeTis toponi- 

84

mika sofel kvariaTidan mdinare kalaSamde, sakmarisi ar gaxlavT. 

amJerad Cven SevecdebiT vimsJeloT ,,did lazur leqsikonSi~ 

Setanil toponimTa sistemis Sesaxeb: 

rogorc cnobilia, Kvela qarTvelur enaSi aSkarad igrZnoba 

brunvaSi marTulmsazGvrelian toponimTa simravle _ 

igive viTarebaa lazurSic; amasTanave naTesaobiTi brunvis morfema 

xan daculia, xanac mokvecili (srulad an nawilobriv): 

burbu 

bu-S-ox 

oxva 

vame 

(,,Gamuras salocavi~), azoT-iS 

iS-Gali 

(,,azotis 

rele), bad-iS 

iS-Kona 

(`bebris Kana~), bard-iS 

iS-Gali 

(,,zvinis

yaGan-e ewodeba (,,sa-kiboCxal-e~) Sdr. analogiuri o-Cxo 

Cxomur 

mur-e 

o-Cxam-ur-e qobuleTis raionSi. sarfeli ar itKvis JaGans-s 

(,,kiborCxala~) an oJaGane-s, romelic gvxvdeba saanalizo leqsikonSi 

(gv. 102), Tumca specialur liratraturaSi dadasturebulia 

rogorc oJaGane ise oyaGane-c (i. sixaruliZe). 

arqabsa da ardasenSi gamoiKeneba toponimebi si-der 

der-i, si-der 

dere 

(Sdr. Turq. dare ,,xeoba, mdinare~ da svanuri dere (,,naprali 

KinulSi~); si- prefiqsis funqcia CvenTvis mTlad naTeli araa). 

Cven xelT gvaqvs agreTve 2007 wels stambulSi gamocemuli 

1160 gverdis ,,didi lazuri nenapuna~, Sedgenili Turqi 

mkvlevarebis _ ismail buJakliSis, hasan uzunhasanoGlus da 

irfan aleqsivas _ mier. vapirebT gavagrZeloT muSaoba toponimTa 

Seswavlis TvalsazrisiT ara mxolod leqsikonebis mixedviT, 

aramed adgilze (rogorc saqarTvelos, ise TurqeTis 

teritoriaze dasaxlebul lazTa Soris) moviZioT Kvela makro 

da mikrotoponimebi, raTa SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetTan 

arsebuli qarTvelologiis institutis Tanam- 

SromlebTan erTad gamovceT lazur toponimTa vrceli akademiuri 

leqsikoni. 

m a n a n a C a C a n i Z e 

deno 

nota 

tacia 

cia-ko 

kono 

nota 

taci 

ciis is dialeq 

leqti 

tika da Tana 

named 

medro 

rove 

leqsi 

sikog 

kogra 

rafi 

fiis is tenden 

denci 

ciebi 

sitKvis denotaciur da konotaciur mxareTa leqsikografiuli 

deskrifcia, rogorc upirvelesi amocana leqsikografiuli 

damuSavebisa, umniSvnelovanesia lingvistikisaTvis. faqtobrivad, 

es aris `leqsikografiis leqsikologia~, ZiriTadi 

Sinaarsi leqsikografiuli mecnierebisa. 

Tanamedrove leqsikografiuli industria, intensiurad 

mzardi leqsikografiuli reestri, samwuxarod, `leqsikogra- 

87 

fiis leqsikologiis~ gverdis avliT aGwevs da inarCunebs Tavis 

masStaburobas. erTi SexedviT, amgvar viTarebas martivi 

gamarTlebac SeiZleba moeZebnos imis gaxsenebiT, rom iKo dro, 

roca leqsikografia `leqsikologiis gerad~ iTvleboda, axla 

ki `leqsikografiis droa~. arada àxali leqsikografiuli situacia~, 

isev samwuxarod, arc saxumaroa da arc revanSistuli. 

opozi 

zici 

ciuri wKvili 

`leq 

leqsi 

sikog 

kogra 

rafi 

fiis is leqsi 

siko 

kolo 

logia 

gia~ da 

`leq 

leqsi 

sikog 

kogra 

rafi 

fiuli 

(Tu leqsi 

sikog 

kogra 

rafi 

fiis 

is?!) indus 

dustria 

tria~ na- 

mdvilad arasa 

saxar 

xarbi 

bielo mdgoma 

mare 

reoba 

baSia 

Sia. amis gaTvaliswinebiT, 

zogadad lingvistikis da konkretulad leqsikologiisa 

da leqsikografiis mizanmimarTulebebidan gamomdinare logikuria 

daisvas kiTxva: iqneb 

leqsi 

siko 

kolo 

logi 

giuri uzrun 

runvelKofa 

leqsi 

sikog 

kogra 

rafi 

fiuli samu 

muSa 

Saoebi 

bisa aGar aris upirve 

vele 

lesi 

si? sainteresoa, 

ras gveubneba aGniSnul problemasTan mimarTebiT 

sitKvis denotacia-konotaciis dialeqtika, bolosdabolos es 

aris lingvistikis komptencia Tavisi leqsikologiiTa da leqsikografiiT?! 

TvalsaCinoebisaTvis moxsenebaSi am kuTxiT mimovixilavT 

qeglis axal saredaqcio samuSaoebs da axladredaqtirebul 

masalebs. 

saanalizo masala mowmobs, rom swored denotaciisa da 

konotaciis dialeqtika, misTvis niSandoblivi urTierTqmedebiTa 

da urTierTgavleniT, warmodgenili saTanado leqsikografiuli 

aparatiT, aris is bazisi, romelic ganapirobebs Tanamedrove 

leqsikografias, rogorc mecnierebis dargs da ara 

zogadad mis mecnierul formats. Tumca es ukanaskneli misive 

prezentabelurobidan gamomdinare dGes, rogorc arasdros, 

uaGresad aqtualuria. calsaxad unda iTqvas, rom denotaciisa 

da konotaciis dialeqtika mimarTulia leqsikografiis instrumentulobis 

winaaGmdeg amjamad iseve, rogorc SedarebiT 

adre igi warmatebiT upirispirdeboda leqsikografiis xelosnobas. 

88

h a r u n C i m q e 

odna 

naobis seman 

manti 

tikis Se- zmniswi 

wini 

nian forma 

maTa 

gadmoce 

cemis saSu 

Suale 

leba 

bani Turqul 

qulSi 

1. qarTuli enisagan gansxvavebiT, TurqulSi ar moipoveba 

zmniswinebi, rac zmniswinian formaTa qarTulidan Turqulze 

gadatanis dros qmnis garkveul problemebs. winaaGmdegobrivia 

saleqsikono masalac. magaliTad, qarTul-Turquli da 

Turqul-qarTuli leqsikonis mixedviT Sezid 

zidva 

Turqulad 

asea Targmnili: raGacis SigniT zidva. Turquli enis ganmartebiT 

leqsikonSi ki pirdapir sitKva Sezid 

zidvas 

ver vxvdebiT. 

esec SeiZleba imiT aixsnas, rom Turqul enaSi mimarTulebis 

gamosaxatavad ixmareba mimarTulebis aGmniSvneli zmnisarTebi, 

xolo zogadi moqmedeba gadmoicema masdariT. magaliTad: zid- 

va Turqulad asea ganmartebuli: Taşımak: 1. Bir şeyi bir yerden 

başka bir yere götürmek. 2. Üstünde bulundurmak, romlis Targmania: 

raGacis erTi adgilidan sxva adgilze waGeba, 2. Tan qona. 

2. Se- zmniswinis erT-erTi funqcia aris odnaobis gamoxatva. 

am semantikuri velis farglebSi gamoiKofa ramdenime saqcevi: 

òdnav~, `cota, cotaTi~, `mcire/raGac xniT, erTgzis~, 

`nawilobriv~, `zereled, Zlivs, TiTqmis~, àqa-iq, alag-alag, 

mcired~, `dawKebiToba, inxoativi~ (moqmedeba-procesis fazis 

partitiuloba)... qarTulis Se- zmniswinian formaTa Sesabamisi 

saqcevebis mixedviT Turqul masalasTan Sepirispirebas movaxdenT 

qegl-is masalaze daKrdnobiT. magaliTad: saqcevi òd 

od- 

nav~: Sesveldeba (biraz ıslanacak _ odnav dasveldeba), Sexuxavs 

(biraz ısıtacak _ odnav gaaTbobs), Seteniandeba (bıraz nemlenecek _ 

odnav nestiani gaxdeba), Serbildeba (bıraz yumuşayacak _ odnav 

darbildeba), Seykneba (biraz solaacak _ odnav daykneba); saqcevi 

`co 

cota 

ta, cota 

taTi 

Ti~: Seagviandeba (biraz gec kalacak _ cota xans daagviandeba), 

SearTmevs (Biraz azaltacak _ cotas Seaclis), Seasvenebs 

(biraz dınlenecek _ cota xans daasvenebs), Secotavdeba (biraz 

azalacak _ cota gaxdeba)... 

89 

3. odnaobis semantikis gamomxatvel Se- zmniswinian formaTa 

Turqulis masalasTan Sepirispirebis Sedegebis gaTvaliswineba 

saintereso iqneba rogorc erTi enidan meore enaze 

Targmnisas, aseve TargmniTi leqsikonebis Sedgenisas. 

90 

Seniavdeba /Seaniavebs (igivea, rac aaniavebs), SemSraldeba 

(bıraz kuyacak) 2) saKrdeni 

Seswmends(mowmends, mousufTavebs, 

moumSralebs, Suxocavs (pirsaxociT, xelsaxociT))... (35 erT.); 

3) saqce 

qcevi 

vi: `dawKebiToba, inxoativi~ (moqmedeba-procesis fazis 

partitiuloba): SefrTxialdeba (kanatlanmaya başlayacak), Setokdeba 

(erTbaSad Seirxeva, SeinZreva), Serokdeba (oynamaya 

başlayacak, Sekuntrucdeba, SeSindeba (SiSiT ganimsyvaleba, _ 

dafrTxeba, dafeTdeba; daSindeba), Semxiaruldeba (cotaTi gamxiardeba)... 

(60 erT.); 4) saqce 

qcevi 

vi: àqa-iq, alag-alag, mcired~: 

Sebandavs (ustunkörü saracak), Sesxeps (Seayris, Seakafavs (totebs)), 

Seayris (mosyris rameze, _ Sesyris), SeatKavebs (zogan 

tKavs Seaclis), Seferaddeba (feradi gaxdeba, sxva feri miecema, 

_ SeiGebeba)... (8 erT); 5) saqce 

qcevi 

vi: `mcire/raGac xniT, er- 

Tgzis~: SeaCerebs (moZraobas droebiT SeuwKvets, cota xniT 

gaaCerebs, SeaKenebs, SeaKovnebs) /SeCerdeba (kısa muddet duracak), 

SeKovndeba (mcire xniT daKovndeba, _SeCerdeba, Sedgeba) 

SewKvets (aGar ganagrZobs, _ SeaCerebs; gaaTavebs, daasrulebs, 

gawKvets) /SeawKvetinebs (aiZulebs an saSualebas miscems 

SewKvitos, _ SeaCerebinebs; ar daamTavrebinebs; gaawKvetinebs), 

SeaKenebs (1. svlas siaruls an moZraobas SeawKvetinebs, _ gaa- 

Cerebs, daaKenebs)... (5 erT.); 6) saqce 

qcevi 

vi: `nawilobriv~: Seasworebs 

((mcdars) gaasworebs, gamarTavs; SeakeTebs), Seasrulebs, 

Sesxlavs(Seayris, Sekreys (totebs)), Seremontdeba (remonti 

gaukeTdeba, _ garemontdeba, SekeTdeba) /Searemontebs (remonts 

gaukeTebs, _ SeakeTebs), Sebelavs (qveda totebs), Se- 

Tvlis (informaciis nawils), SegleJs, Senaxevrdeba/Seanaxevrebs 

(TiTqmis gaanaxevrebs; naxevramde daiKvasn)... (15 erT.); 7) sa- 

qcevi 

vi: `zereled, Zlivs, TiTqmis~: Sebaravs, Sepotindeba (zorla 

çıkacak), SemTavrdeba (SeTavdeba, damTavrdeba)... (4 erT.).

m e r a b C u x u a 

proto 

tokav 

kavka 

kasi 

siuri fuZe 

Ze-enis enis leqsi 

siku 

kuri 

Sedge 

dgeni 

nilo 

lobi 

bisa 

saTvis 

(dro 

dro, ca, mnaTo 

Tobe 

bebi 

bi, 

bune 

nebis movle 

vlene 

nebi 

bi) 

s.-qarTv. *Gon 

Gon- `dGeoba, dGesaswauli~ (Zv. qarT. Gon-i 

`kerpi~, zan. -xu ←*Gun, dGa-xu `dGesaswauli, uqme dGe~, svan. 

Gˆn `dGesaswauli~) ~ s.-sind. *„an 

„an- `dro, sezoni~ (afx. ‰n 

←*a-„an, abaz. a„a, ad. G–, Kab. Ga, ubix. Ga `dro, sezoni~) ~ 

s.-daG. *„a 

„ar…- `dro, saukeTeso periodi~ (yam. Ká…, tind. 

Káru, God. Káru `dro~, lak. arG `cxovrebis saukeTeso wlebi~, 

darg. arG àsaki; amindi~, arC. oƒ, xin. enG (erg. inK-i) 

`qorwili~); 

s.-qarTv. *xan 

xan- `xani; daxaneba~ (qarT. xan-i `dro, jami~, 

xan-da-xan, da-xan-eb-a, zan. (megr.) xon-af-a = xan-eb-a, xon-eb-a 

`marxva; daxaneba~, xon-en-s `marxulobs~) ~ s.-nax. *xan 

xan- `dro, 

asaki, jami~ (iCq. xan, ing. x–, erg. xan-uo, bacb. xa n `dro, jami~) 

~ s.-daG. *meƒ 

meƒ- `dro, sezoni~ (xunZ. mex´ `dro~, kar. muƒé `qorwili~.., 

darg. meƒ´ º miƒ´ `qorwineba~.., lezg. meƒ-er `daqorwineba~); 

s.-qarTv. *deG 

deG-e `dGe; amindi~ (qarT. dGe, zan. (n)dGa 

`dGe; amindi~, svan. la-deG `dGe~) ~ s.-sind. *dˆG 

dˆG-a `mze~ (ad. 

TˆG–, Kab. dˆG–, ubix. ndGa `mze~, Sdr. ad. TˆG…a-s, Kab. 

dˆG…‰-sa `guSin~: zan. go-Ga ←*go-dGa `guSin~) ~ s.-nax. *daG 

daG-u 

`wvima~ (iCq. daGu º duoGa, ing. doaG–, bacb. {daGš}) ~ s.-daG. 

*G…ed 

G…ed-e `dro, dGe; wvima~ (did. Gudi, hin. G…ede, xvarS. 

G…ade, bej. …odo, hunz. …ˆdˆ `dGe, wvima, varskvlavi~, lak. 

hanTá ←*Ganda `dGe-Game (24 saaTi)~, arC. hanTí ←*Gandi `garkveuli 

drois monakveTi~); 

s.-qarTv. *ser 

ser- `Game; saGamo~ (qarT. ser-oba, ser-is kud-i, 

zan. ser-i `Game~) ~ s.-sind. *Sˆ…-a `Game~ (ubix. Sˆ…a `Game~) ~ 

s.-nax. *fsar 

fsar-← w.-nax. *s…ar 

s…ar- `saGamo~ (iCq. sar-ah ٨ , ing. sar-ah ٨ , 

bacb. fsar-eh ٨ `saGamos~, Sdr.: iCq. s‹-sar-a, ing. si-sar-a, bacb. 

si-fsr-eh ٨ `guSinwin~) ~ hur.-urart. *S…er 

S…er- (hurit. SŠrˆ 

`saGamo; dasavleTi~) ~ s.-daG. *s…ar 

s…ar- `Game~ (xunZ. sor-do º 

Sor-do (yad.) `Game~); 

s.-qarTv. *bG…ar 

bG…ar- `mziani; samxreTi~ (Zv. qarT. bGuar-i 

`samxreTi~) ~ s.-sind. *ba„a 

`mze~ (afx. a-mra, abaz. mara `mze~) 

~ s.-nax. *b„ar- `naTeli~ (iCq. b„r-lanig `kaSkaSa~, b„r-la 

`naTeli~, ing. b„r- `naTeli~, bacb. {b„ar-}) ~ s.-daG. *bar„ 

bar„- 

`mze; dGe~ (xunZ. baK `mze~.., did., hin., xvarS. buƒ, bej. boƒ, 

hunz. boƒ, lak. barG `mze~, darg. barh ٨ i º berh ٨ i `mze, dGe~, 

lezg. raG, Tab. riG, aG. raG, ruT. …irˆG, kriw. …iraG, wax. 

…irˆG, bud. …iraG, arC. barƒ, ud. be´G, xin. ˆnK `mze~); 

s.-qarTv. *d-usT 

usT-e `mTvare, Tve~ (Zv. qarT. TTue º T‚Te, 

zan. TuTa º mTuTa `Tve, mTvare~, TuTa-Sxa òrSabaTi~, svan. 

doSd-ul `mTvare~, d…eSd-iS òrSabaTi~) ~ s.-sind. *m-ˆZ 

ˆZ-a 

`mTvare, Tve~ (afx. ц-mza, abaz. mzˆ, ad. maz–, Kab. maz–, ubix. 

mˆZц `Tve, mTvare~) ~ s.-nax. *b-uT 

uT´- `mTvare, Tve~ (iCq. buT´, 

ing. buT´, bacb. buT´) ~ s.-daG. *b-uZ 

uZ-i º *b-uw 

uw´-i `mTvare, Tve~ 

(xunZ. mow´, and. borwí, axv. bowó, yam. bo¬, tind. bocú, kar. 

borwó, boTl. furwú, bagv. bow´, God. furcú, did. buci, 

hin. buce, xvarS. buca, inx. bucu, bej., hunz. boco `mTvare~, 

lak. barz `Tve, mTvare~, darg. baZ º baw º bac´, lezg. …arz, 

Tab., aG., ruT., wax. …az, kriw. …’z, bud. …ˆz, arC. bac, xin. 

…aw `mTvare~); 

s.-qarTv. *zG…el 

zG…el- `didi wvima~ (qarT. (imer.) zGvel-a 

`didi, kokispiruli wvima~, zan. (megr.) zGvar-zGval-i `kokispiruli 

wvima~, svan. jGer ←*jG…er `Tavsxma, didi wvima, TqeSi~) 

~ s.-nax. *zaG 

zaG- `wvima~ (naxuri ekvivalenti nasesxobis saxiT 

osurma enam Semogvinaxa, Sdr. os. zG `wvima~) ~ s.-daG. *zang 

zang- 

91 

92

el- `wvima; setKva~ (did. zigolu, xvarS. zangeru, bej. holo- 

Sigi, hunz. belu-Sige `setKva~.., lak. zig `wvima~); 

s.-qarTv. *Kel 

Kel- `wvima; wvimianoba~ (qarT. Kel-oba- `wvima-ƒSiroba; 

wvim(r)ian-oba~ (saba), yia-Kel 

Kel-a `wvimis yia (?)~, 

zan. (megr.) go-‡al-af-a `wvimisgan ruebis adideba~) ~ s.-nax. 

*Kar 

Kar-u `wvima; setKva~ (iCq. Kuora, iTumK. Kor, yeb. Karu, ing. 

Koara º Kora `setKva~, bacb. Kar `wvima~, Kar-ol-en `wvimiani~, 

Kar-o n n„an `wvimis yia~) ~ s.-daG. *Kil 

Kil-u `wvima; zafxuli~ 

(and. Kínu, axv. Kíno º Kínu, yam. Kín…, tind. Kínu, kar. Kíno, 

God. Kínu, aG. Gul, ruT. Gˆ´l-d, wax. Gˆ´l, arC. ƒi´T´-iƒ `zafxuli~, 

xin. Kula `wvima~); 

s.-qarTv. *zem 

zem- `dro, xani~ (qarT. zm-, xan-da-zm-ul-i, 

zan. jam-i `dro~, mu-jam-s `ra dros~, miTa-jam-i `Zveli dro~) ~ 

s.-sind. j…-a `ca~ (afx. ц-jº-„…an, abaz. j…-„…and `ca~, ad. jºa- 

G…a `varskvlavi~, ubix. j…a `ca~) ~ s.-daG. *zab-u `ca, dGe, 

varskvlavi~ (xunZ. zob º job `ca~, and. zubu, tind. zebu, bagv. 

zeb, kar. zebu, boTl. zi…u, God. zibu `dGe~ lak. sá… `ca~, 

darg. zab º Za… º cáb `wvima, ca~, lezg. cá…, Tab. za…, aG. 

za…, kriw. za…, beud. zˆ…, xin. c´…a `ca~); 

s.-qarTv. *mxar 

mxar- `sadili; samxari; samxreTi~ (qarT. sa-mxar-i 

`samxreTi~, `sadili~, svan. mˆxr `xval~) ~ s.-sind. *maxÀ…-a 

`dGe~ (afx. ц-mS, abaz mSˆ, ad. ma†– ←*maxÀ…–, Kab. maxÀ…a, ubix. 

mˆs…a `dGe~) ~ s.-nax. *malx 

malx- `mze~ (iCq. malx, ing. malx, bacb. 

maTx `mze~) ~ s.-daG. *mil 

▼ -e `mze, dGe; samxreTi~ (and. mil ▼ i, 

axv. mil ▼ i, kar. mile, tind. mili, boTl. mi¹hi, bagv. mil ▼ , God. 

mil ▼ i, yam. mil ▼ `mze, dGe~, Sdr. tind. mil ▼ -a `mTis (mziani) 

samxreTuli daqaneba~); 

s.-qarTv. *m(a)ze 

`mze~ (qarT. mze, zan. mja º bja `mze~, 

bja-Sxa `kvira, mzis dGe~, svan. mˆj º mij `mze~, mij-ladeG `kvira~) 

~ s.-sind. *mˆza 

`sxivi, naTura, CiraGdani~ (afx. a-Cº¥-mza 

`sanTeli~, bzif. a-mza `maSxala~, abaz. mza `naTura~, ad. bzˆ, 

93 

Kab. bzi `sxivi, Suqi~, ubix. mˆZa ←*mˆza `naTura, Suqi, sanTeli~) 

~ s.-nax. *maj 

maj-un `KviTeli~ (iCq. muoja º moja `KviTeli~, 

ing. moaj– `vardisferi~, bacb. {maju¹}) ~ s.-daG. *marz 

marz-u àli~ 

(lezg. murz, Tab. murz `cecxlis mnaTi nawili~); 

94 

s.-qarTv. *yaq 

yaq- `yeq-a/i~ (qarT. yeq-a-quxili, el-yeqi, dayeq-eb-a, 

zan. yuq-af-i `yeqeba~, svan. li-yˆq-un-e `dayeqeba~) ~ 

s.-sind. *w(…)ak 

ak- `naperwkali; mnaTobi~ (ad. fxa-waya, Kab. fxa- 

Zaya `muguzali~ = fxe `xe~ + waka `naperwkali~, ubix. w…ank 

`mnaTobi~) ~ s.-daG. *w…aq 

w…aq- `ca, mnaTobi; naperwkali~ (xunZ. 

w´…aqi, axv. w´…aqa, yam. waqa, tind. waq…a `naperwkali, elvare; 

mnaTobi~ (Sdr. xunZ. zmnuri fuZe w´…aq- `brwKinva~), lak. wuq 

`mnaTobi~, darg. waq º Zaq º cáq `ca~, lezg. wuk, kriw. wuk `naperwkali; 

muguzali~); 

s.-qarTv. *S…a… 

S…a…- `Svavi, wKliani Tovli~ (qarT. Svav-i, 

imer. Sval-v-a `Tovl-yKapi~, gur. Svan-v-a `Tovlis fifqis 

wKliT damZimeba~, zan. (megr.) svim-on-i ←*sqvim-on-i `Svavi~, et. 

`Svaviani~) ~ s.-nax. *h ٨ u…- `sineste~ (iCq. h ٨ î ←*h ٨ u…, ing. h ٨ u… 

`sinestisgan gamowveuli anTeba~, bacb. {h ٨ uv}) ~ s.-daG. *S…ib 

S…ib- 

`TrTvili~ (xunZ. Súb, and. Síb, axv. síbi, yam. síb, tind. 

Síbi, kar. Síbe, boTl. Síbi, God. Síbi, did. xebi, hin. xebi, 

xvarS. xeba, inx. x•bo, lak. x´…i´m, ud. xo `TrTvili, yirxli~); 

s.-qarTv. *z…a… 

z…a…- ← w.-qarTv. *za… 

za…- `zvavi~ (qarT. zvav-i, 

svan. j º ja º jh ←*ja… `zvavi~, ja-baba `zvav-qari~, Sdr. 

megr. Sum-on-i ←*jum-on-i `zvavi~) ~ s.-sind. *a-zˆ 

zˆ- `TrTvili; 

Tova~ (afx. a-Za-Za º a-Z ▼ a-Z ▼ a, abaz. aZ `cvari, TrTvili~, ubix. 

z…a-Zˆ `Tovli~, ma-Z¥ `TrTvili~, Zˆ `Tova~) ~ s.-nax. *a-zir 

zir- 

`TrTvili~ (iCq. -is, yeb. mr. sir-eS, ing. -is, mr. asar-aS, 

bacb. {-iz}) ~ s.-daG. *a(n)zu 

zu- `Tovli~ (xunZ. „azu, and. anji, 

axv. a¹ji, yam. anz, tind. anzi, kar. „anze, boTl. anzi, bagv. anz, 

God. anzi, did. isi, hin. iSe, xvarS. i¹sa, inx. e¹so, bej. o¹z, 

hunz. ˆ¹z, ruT. iz, wax., kriw., bud. iz, ud. i´j `Tovli~); 

s.-qarTv. *w…ed 

w…ed- `wveTi, cvari~ (qarT. w…eT-i, wveT-av-s,

sa-wveT-ur-i, zan. yvaT-i `wveTi~, o-la-yvaT-ir-e `sawveTuri, 

oyvaTo~, svan. …ed ← *y…ed `cvari~) ~ s.-nax. *darw 

darw- `wvima, 

uamindoba~ (iCq. derZ º derz, ing. darZ º darc´ `qarbuqi~, 

bacb. darw-ol `wvimianoba~) ~ s.-daG. *w(…)ad 

ad- `wvima, wveTi~ 

(xunZ. wád, and. wá, axv. wári, yam. ¬‰, tind. c´‰, kar. wá, 

boTl. wá, God. cái `wvima~, lezg. stal ←*wdal `wveTi~, 

Tab. wadal, aG. war º waral `cvari, nami~, kriw. wadi `Txevadi, 

wKal-wKala~, xin. wu `wveTi~); 

s.-qarTv. *w…im 

w…im- `wvima~ (qarT. wvim-a, wvim-s, zan. yvim-a `wvima~, 

yvin-s `wvims~, svan. mˆ-ym-in-l `varskvlavTmricxveli~) ~ s.-nax. 

*w…ib 

w…ib- `GvTaeba~ (iCq. wî, qist. wi…, ing. wu… `warmarTuli 

GvTaeba~, bacb. wib `kerpi~) ~ s.-daG. *w…ib 

w…ib- `wKaloba, GmerTi~ 

(xunZ. wób `wKaloba~, and. wób `GmerTi~.., lak. wimi 

`gracia; TanagrZnoba~, darg. wum `mowKaleba, TanagrZnoba~). 

p a a t a c x a d a i a 

sami kolxu 

xuri mikro 

rohid 

hidro 

roni 

nimis struqtu 

turul 

rul- 

seman 

manti 

tiku 

kuri 

anali 

lizi 

(mi 

mion 

onCu 

Cura 

rafu 

fu, dudiS 

diS 

owKvita 

tafu 

fu, saor 

orgio 

gio) 

1. mion 

onCu 

Cura 

rafu 

istoriuli cixe-goJis qvemoT, texurze, xidia gadebulia 

(masze gadadis senaki-martvilis saavt. gza). xids samxreTiT, e. 

i. mdinaris marJv. napirze, esazGvreba sofeli kotianeTi (Zv. 

senakis Temis sakrebulo), xolo CrdiloeTiT, e.i. mdinaris 

marcx. napirze _ sofeli Jixa (naqalaqevis Temis sakrebulos 

centri). xids zemoT mdinare farTod da mdored miedineba. 

swored aq ewodeba mionCurafu. 

ras niSnavs menCurafa? 

95 

cnobilia: qarT. cur- (curavs) : megr. Cur- (nCuruns 

`curavs~). magram es informacia araa sakmarisi toponimuri 

amocanis amosaxsnelad. aGmoCnda, rom menCu 

nCurua 

(qarTuli `micurva~) 

erT-erTi tradiciuli (samwuxarod, ukve TiTqmis miviwKebuli) 

xalxuri sawKlosno asparezobaa. igi Seiswavla, 

aGwera da aGadgina cnobilma jurnalistma, mogzaurma da mxareTmcodnem 

gvanJi maniam (ix. misi werilebi da interviuebi 

`leloSi~, àsaval-dasavalSi~ da sxv.). gairkva, rom xobiswKlis, 

yaniswKlisa da enguris napirebze mdebare soflebSi 

(muxuri, zumi, yaqvinJi, Jgali, Jvari) gasuli saukunis Sua 

wlebSic ki imarTeboda individualuri Tu Jgufuri SeJibreba 

menCuruaSi. saamisod SerCeuli iKo mdinaris Grma da mdore 

dineba. msaJis niSanze gaGma-gamoGma napirebidan erTdroulad 

aiGebdnen starts asparezobis monawileni da Sua wKalSi Seerkinebodnen 

erTmaneTs. mizani iKo metoqis wKalSi CaZirva Tav- 

Si, kiserSi an mxrebSi xelis (xelebis) CavlebiT. Cveulebriv, 

dasaSvebi iKo xuTJer Serkineba wKlidan amousvlelad. gamar- 

Jvebulad is iTvleboda, vinc metJer CaZiravda mowinaaGmdeges. 

sofel kotianeTis mkvidrma, 84 wels miGweulma yiyiko 

yubabriam gaixsena (1984 wels): àmjamad rom texurze xidia 

gadebuli, imis zemoT wKlis dineba mdore, farTo da ufro 

Grma iKo. axalgazrdebi saGamoobiT iq CaviKrebodiT salaGobod, 

saTamaSod, erTmaneTs vecilebodiT gaGma-gamoGma 

swraf curvaSi, agreTve menCurafaSi da sxv. menCurafa erqva 

metoqesTan Serkinebas Sua mdinareSi. mizani iKo metoqis wKal- 

Si CaZirva Tavze an qedze xelis dayeriT. ramdenime falavani 

gvKavda iseTi, rom masTan yidils gavurbodiT. maTi saxelebi 

dGesac gvaxsovs~. 

rogorc vxedavT, texurispira soflebSi gavrcelebuli 

menCu 

nCura 

rafa 

igivea, rac xobiswKlis, yaniswKlis, enguris napirebze 

mdebare soflebSi aGwerili menCu 

nCurua 

rua: menCuruns `micuravs~ 

(zogadad) mionCurans `micuravs~ (raime garkveuli 

obieqtisaken) mionCurafu `misacuri; adgili, romliskenac 

micuraven~ (momavali drois mimGeoba) mionCurafu (mikro- 

96

hidronimi): is adgili, sadac imarTeboda menCurafa//menCuruas 

asparezoba. 

2. dudiS diS owKvita 

tafu 

texuris marJv. serze mdebare sofel beTlemis (leZaZames 

Temis sakrebulo) mkvidris _ kali berZemiSvilis _ (dabad. 

1894 w.) naambobidan: `Kmawvilobis jams (`boSalobas~) texurze 

CavdiodiT sabanaod da gasagrileblad. marTalia, mionCurafusac 

vewveodiT, magram ufro axlos, gurZemia-texuris SesarTavsa 

da abanos Sua, sagangebod gvqonda amorCeuli erTi toba 

(`Grma wKali~). roca Tavis gamoCena gvindoda, Sig CavKridiT 

saSualo zomis qvebs da vinc mets amoiGebda, `mangari boSic~ 

is iKo. am tobas erqva dudiS diS owKvita 

tafu 

fu. zmnuri fuZe wKvit- 

(JerJerobiT araa dafiqsirebuli leqsikonebSi) aGniSnavs raimeSi 

(siTxe, adamianTa Jgufi) Tavis CaKofas, Cakvras: `baGanaq 

duGa wKars xe qowKvitu~ (bavSvma mduGare wKalSi xeli Cahkra); 

ùqvinJe wKars dudi qowKvitu do mele gekonCuru~ (uZiro 

wKalSi CaKvinTa da gaGma gacura); `qiana xalxi gerdˆnˆ, 

eTeqi qowKvitu dudi do iSo qimSadin~ (sadac qveKana xalxi 

idga, iq Sergo Tavi da Caikarga). 

maSasadame: dudiS diS wKvita 

tafa 

`(wKalSi) CaKvinTva~ (sitKvasitKviT: 

`wKalSi Tavis CaKofa, Cakvra~) dudiS owKvitafu 

`CasaKvinTi (adgili)~. 

3. saor 

orgio 

saorgio ewodeba rionis dinebas rion-texuris SesarTav- 

Tan. 

sof. isulis (axalsoflis Temis sakrebulo) mxcovani 

mcxovrebi, 1894 wels dabadebuli serapion JamleTis Ze xoferias 

naambobi (1984 wels): `Cveni soflis samxreTi nawili rionamde 

dausaxlebeli iKo. axal droSi iq daarsda texuris mecxoveleobis 

sabyoTa meurneoba. texur-rionis SesarTavTan, 

farTo mindoris (rionis marJv. napirze) gverdiT, wKlis dineba 

1 km-ze mainc iKo farTo da Grma, magram ara mdore, aramed 

erTgvarad Cqari. swored aq erqva saorgio. texurze sabanaod 

vargisi toba aGarcaa. saorgio ki sakmaod Sors iKo, ramdenime 

97 

km-ze. magram mainc iqiT gavwevdiT, raTa Tavi gamogvecada mdinaris 

gadacurva-gadmocurvaSi, risTvisac sayiro iKo orgi 

giaS 

geSqu 

quma 

mala 

(mxaruli curva. sitKvasitKviT: òrgiis dartKma~). 

gamarJvebulad is iTvleboda, vinc wKlis dinebas gaumklavdeboda, 

mxaruliT gacuravda gaGma napirze, iqidanve gamocuravda 

da curvis sawKisi adgilidan rac SeiZleba axlos amovidoda~. 

orgiaS geSqumala igivea, rac `mxaruliT curva~, magram 

es ganmarteba ara sakmarisi aGniSnuli sitKvaTSexamebis warmomavlobis 

dasadgenad. 

orgia 

Zveli qarTulis leqsikonebsa (il. abulaZisa, z. 

sarJvelaZisa) da qarTul kilo-TqmaTa sitKvis konaSi (al. 

Glonti) ar Cans. qegl-Si ki (t. VI) naTqvamia: òrgia [berZn. 

orgia saidumlo seroba]: 1. ist. Zvel saberZneTSi _ Gvinisa da 

mxiarulebis GmerTis _ baxusis _ dGesaswauli. 2. gadat. `TavaSvebuli, 

wresgadasuli drostareba, qeifi~. a. veismanis mier 

Sedgenil berZnul-rusul leqsikonSi (С.-Петербург, 1899) orgia 

asea ganmartebuli: `таиные обряды, таинства (ос. Деметры и Вакха); 

вооб. священнодействие, жертвоприношение~. magram orgia sitKvas 

megrulSi sxva mniSvnelobac aqvs: orgia _ sigrZis sazomi, mxari; 

manZili ori gaSlili xelis SuaTiTebis boloebs Soris; 

curvis saxeoba _ gaSlili mklavebis morigeobiTi mosma 

(dartKma) wKlis zedapirze; mxaruli curva (Sdr. o. qaJaia). 

saqme isaa, rom orgia sitKvis es semantika dakavSirebulia 

berZnul orgu 

guva 

(da ara orgia) sitKvasTan, romelic a. 

veismanis zemoaGniSnul leqsikonSi asea ganmartebuli: `сажень 

(пространство между двумя распростертими руками)~. rogorc Cans, 

aGniSnuli sitKva megrulma uSualod berZnulidan SeiTvisa 

swored im aswleulebSi, roca kolxeTis SavizGvispireTSi ber- 

Znuli axalSenebi iKo momravlebuli, xolo Semdeg, romaelTa 

legionebis batonobis periodSi, qristianoba vrceldeboda... 

maSasadame, mikrohidronim saorgiosaTvis amosavalia ber- 

Znuli orguva, romlis mniSvnelobam `gaSlili xelis TiTebis 

boloebs Soris manZili~ megrulSi miiGo semantikuri datvir- 

98

Tva `curva gaSlili mklavebis wKalze monacvleobiTi mosmiT~ 

(e.i. mxaruli curva). 

daskvna: mikrohidronimebi mionCurafu da dudiS owKvitafu 

enobriv-semantikuri aspeqtiT zmnuri warmonaqmnebia (momavali 

drois mimGeobebia), xolo saorgio _ saxeluri derivati 

(daniSnulebis gamomxatveli). da rac mTavaria: samive am 

mikrohidronims garkveuli eqstralingvisturi datvirTva aqvs: 

mogviTxrobs kolxTa garToba-dasvenebisa da sportiT gatacebis 

erT aspeqtze _ sawKlosno asparezobaze. 

r o e n a y k a d u a 

a- prefiq 

fiqsis adgi 

gili 

lisa da funqci 

qciisa 

saTvis 

svanu 

nuri enis zmnur formeb 

mebSi 

zmnur xmovanprefiqsTa Sesaxeb sakmaod didi samecniero 

literatura arsebobs. anton kaTalikosidan dGemde enaTmecnierebi 

gamoKofdnen da sxvadasxvagvar kvalifikacias aZlevdnen 

a-, i-, u-, e- formantebs. 

gansakuTrebiT TvalSisacemia a- prefiqsis nairgvari gramatikuli 

mniSvneloba. igi sxvadasxva morfologiur modeleb- 

Si fiqsirdeba da amitomac, rogorc arn. Ciqobavac aGniSnavs, 

prefiqsebidan Kvelaze bundovani swored a-s funqcia Cans. 

sxvadasxva avtorTa mier a- prefiqsi miCneulia gardamavlobis, 

moqmedebiTi gvaris, neitraluri versiis, sazedao situaciis, 

kauzatiurobis, iribi obieqtisadmi mimarTebis, 

gardamaval zmnebSi uaxloesi obieqtis aGmniSvnel formantad. 

svanur enaSi a- prefiqsi gvxvdeba rogorc gardamaval, 

ise gardauval zmnebSi. kerZod: 

1. orpiriani, moqmedebiTi (resp. gardamavali) neitraluri 

versiis formebSi (garda fuZedrekadebisa). martivfuZianeb- 

Si, magaliTad, bz. a-k’f-i, lSx. a-k‰f-e lnt. a-kaf-e `{wa}aqcevs~; 

bz., lSx. a-t‰b-e, bq., lnt. a-tab-e `Tlis~; zs., lSx. a-qCe, 

lnt. a-qaC-e `yris. sxvadasxva saxisa da daniSnulebis sufiqsebiT 

garTulebul zmnebSi. mag. zs., lSx. a-qˆnTr-in-e, lnt. a- 

qˆrT-in-e àcxelebs~; bz., lSx. a-K…C-r-e, bq., lnt. a-K…C-ur-e 

àmtvrevs~. 

2. orpiriani moqmedebiTi gvaris fuZedrekad zmnaTagan 

nawarmoeb sampirian formebSi, mag. tKic-e º tKˆc-e `gleJs~ 

bz., lSx. x-a-tKc-e, bq., lnt. x--tKc-e àgleJs, axleCs~. tix-eº 

tˆx-e àbrunebs~. zs., lnt. x--tx-e, lSx. x-a-tx-e ùbrunebs, 

uxdis~. 

3. kauzativebSi: zs. x-a-k…r-un-e, lSx. x-a-k…r-an-n-e, lnt. 

x-a-k…ar-n-e àgdebinebs~; zs., lnt. x--ƒd-un-e, lSx. x-a-ƒd-un-e 

`moataninebs, moaKvaninebs~. 

4. gardauval rogorc absolutur, ise relatiur zmneb- 

Si: zs., lSx. x-a-lfar-a, lnt. x-a-lafar-a àfaria~; zs. x-a-pij, 

qs. x-a-pij… damalulia~, zs., lnt. x-a-lt, lSx. x-a-lat 

ùKvars~; bz., lSx. x-a-fs…n-a, bq. x-a-fs…d-a, lnt. x-a-fst…-a 

`dauflebulia, dapatronebulia~. 

sainteresod gveCveneba svanur dialeqtur masalaSi arsebuli 

paraleluri (uprefiqso da prefiqsiani) formebi. ker- 

Zod, bz., SnSx…-e º a-SnSx…-e, bq., lnt. SunSx…-e º a-SunSx…-e 

`qsutunebs~. 

bq. goT-e º a-goT-e `gauTaveblad laparakobs~; bz. p-‰-lte 

º a-p‰lt-e, `bardnis~; bz., lSx. wŠq…-e º a-weq…-e º a-wq-un-e 

`wveTavs~ da sxv. 

amrigad, svanuri enis zmnur formebSi a- prefiqsi gvxvdeba 

rogorc gardamaval, moqmedebiTi gvaris orpirian da sampirian 

zmnebSi, aseve gardauval absolutur da relatiur formebSic; 

dialeqtur masalaSi kargad Cans zmnuri modelebis 

CamoKalibebis procesi. 

99 

100

n i n e l i y o x o n e l i Z e 

mimar 

marTvis forme 

mebi r. r 

inaniS 

niSvi 

vilis enaSi 

r. inaniSvilis mxatvrul enaSi personajTa metKvelebis 

gadmocemis erT-erTi saintereso xerxia -- `mimarTva~. mwerali 

mimarTvis formebis saSualebiT misTvis damaxasiaTebeli enobrivi 

lakoniurobiTa da azris sicxadiT axerxebs dagvixatos 

personajTa urTierTdamokidebuleba, maTi garegnuli mxare Tu 

Sinagani samKaro, gadmogvces adgilobrivi koloritis specifika. 

mwerlis enaSi, garekaxurisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli iseTi mimarTvis 

formebis garda, rogoricaa, saxli 

xlika 

kaco 

co, kaco 

co, deda 

daka 

ka- 

co, qalo 

lo, gogo 

go, biyo 

yo, biJo 

Jo, Svilo 

lo, gena 

na, qa..., dasturdeba 

litotesebic e. w. damamcirebeli epiTetebi, iSviaTad hiperbolebic. 

karg damokidebulebas ki gamoxataven sitKvebiT: lama 

ma- 

zo, Cemo oqro 

ro, ykviano 

no, daxa 

xatu 

tulo 

lo, Jiga 

garo 

ro... 

mimarTva SeiZleba iKos 1. erTsitKviani, martivi fuZiT 

an kompozitis saxiT warmodgenili: ai, futu 

turov 

rov, neta rami 

Sno mainca gqondes (barisaken mofrinavs Jafara, Tb., 1974); -- 

kargad usune, bziko 

ko-bzikica xar da maimunic (mTvaris asuli, 

Tb., 1987); Tqvenc CaqriT, aha, Sarax 

raxve 

veti 

tiebo 

(Sori TeTri 

mwvervali, Tb., 1976). 

2. or an met sitKviani SesitKveba: hai, muclis 

mone 

neboo 

boo!— 

tkbilad Tqva gogiam (alersi SiSianobis dros, Tb; 1986); wadi, 

Se uzmos mata 

taoco 

co, Sen (mTvaris asuli, Tb., 1987); xma CaiwKvite, 

ZaGlis lekvo 

vo, ras ratrateb! (megobrisadmi minaweri 

werilebidan, Tb., 1958). 

mimarTvis emociurobis gaZlierebisaTvis, `mimarTvis sagnis 

romelime Tvisebaze KuradGebis gasamaxvileblad~ (a. kiziria) 

winadadebaSi xSirad ramdenime mimarTvis forma iKris Tavs er- 

Tad: gzis maimu 

mune 

nebo 

bo, soflis 

masxa 

xare 

rebo 

bo-meTqi (alersi SiSianobis 

dros, Tb., 1986); amiT gagixeTqav Tavsa, Se damblav, Se kolmeurneobis 

CrCilo! (Sori, TeTri mwvervali, Tb., 1976); devo! 

uZirov! gardanqeSano! (Citebis gamomzamTrebeli, Tb., 1979). 

101 

gvxvdeba mimarTvis gameorebis SemTxvevebic: boGmav! 

biGmav! raGac Taviseburi alersiT eubneba bejanas (barisken 

mofrinavs Jafara, Tb; 1974); ai, finTo 

To, finTo 

To, damxa 

mxasi 

siaTe 

Tebe 

be- 

lo! (alersi SiSianobis dros, Tb.,1986). 

mimarTvas SeiZleba axldes Sesabamisi nacvalsaxelic, 

romelic, rogorc TviTon mimarTva winadadebis agebulebisa 

da Sinaarsis mixedviT SeiZleba sxvadasxva adgilze aGmoCndes. 

Sena, Se KruCe 

CeCav 

Cav, Sena, wiwmatobda bebia efemia (megobrisadmi 

minaweri werilebidan, Tb.,1958); Sen samoc vedro Gvinos 

amoiGeb, KiKviano 

(patara biyi golgoTaze, Tb., 1989); dakre 

kre- 

yilo 

lo, Sen ki Kvelaze meti geqneba gamomuSavebuli ai! (wveTebi 

foTlebze, Tb., 1962). 

mimarTvis formebad gamoKenebuli sitKvaTa umetesoba 

qeglSi dasturdeba. gvxvdeba sakuTriv dialeqturi warmoSobis 

mimarTvis formebic. mag. ZalaT 

laTkne 

kneina 

na, ukuGma daye 

yedi 

dilo 

lo, 

qarix 

rixve 

vetia 

tia, TxisTa 

Tavo 

vo, qala 

laqe 

qeli kintua 

tua, Klunwe 

nwe, aCaku 

kune 

ne, da- 

fTxvine 

da sxv. abrZandi, ZalaT 

laTkne 

kneinav 

nav? (mTvaris asuli, Tb., 

1987); eg svelebi mainc gaixade, ukuGma daye 

yedi 

dilo 

(Sori TeTri 

mwvervali, Tb., 1976); nela, e, dafTxvi 

fTxvine 

ne, boZs ar wamosdo 

(mTvaris asuli, Tb., 1987). 

n i n o x a r C i l a v a 

qalis qone 

nebis aGmniS 

iSvne 

vneli erTi termi 

minis 

Sesa 

saxeb samur 

murzaKano 

zaKanoSi 

saqarTveloSi damowmebulia qalis qonebis aGmniSvneli 

ramdenime termini. Kvelaze gavrcelebuli iKo mziTvi 

da sa- 

Tavno 

no. TiToeuli maTgani sxvadasxva kuTxeSi sxvadasxva mniSvnelobiT 

ixmareboda. n. CubinaSvilis ganmartebiT, mziTvi 

aris 

,,gasaTxovari qalisaTvis micemuli qoneba samSoblos saxlidan~ 

(CubinaSvili, 1946:103). k. kekeliZis azriT, VIII da IX saukune- 

102

ebSi mSoblebi umzadebdnen qals mziTvs: mziTvis cnebaSi 

Kovelgvari qoneba Sedioda, TviT mamulic ki (kekeliZe, 

1941:14). saTavnosa da mziTvis sakiTxis Seswavlas sagangebo 

adgili dauTmo r. xaraZem, romelmac pirveli maTgani mziTvis 

institutis adreul formad miiCnia (xaraZe, 1961:54). igi 

warmoadgenda qmris oJaxSi qalis pirad naSroms. saTavno ar 

ekuTvnoda qmarsa da mis oJaxs. 

mziTvi gulisxmobda iseT qonebas, romelic marto qalis- 

Tvis ki ar iKo gankuTvnili, aramed, umTavresad, qmrisa da 

oJaxisaTvis. mziTvis amgvari forma Tavisi warmoSobiT gviandelia 

da ufro Seesabameba individualur oJaxs (Харадзе, 

1962:28). val. iToniSvilis azriT, mziTevi piradi moxmarebis 

sagania, xolo pirutKvi warmoadgenda saTavnos (iToniSvili, 

1960:232), romelsac dovlaTis matebis SesaZlebloba hqonda. 

amitom misi gaKidvisa an saoJaxo sakuTrebaSi SerwKmis Sedegad 

qali male kargavda namatze sakuTrebis uflebas (iToniSvili, 

1960:120). 

samurzaKanoSi qalis qonebis aGmniSvneli termini iKo o- 

yKud-ur 

ur-i//yKud 

yKud-a (,,mziTvi~). T. saxokia miuTiTebda, rom 

mziTvs megrulad oyKuduri 

ewodeboda, rac ,,amowKvetas~ niSnavso 

(saxokia, 1956:89), k. samuSias mixedviT, es sitKva gulisxmobs 

,,mowKvetas mamis oJaxidan~. o. qaJaias ganmartebiT, 

oyKuduri 

sapatarZlos mziTvia (qaJaia, 2002:466), romelic 

gino 

no-yKvid 

yKvid-u-a’dan (,,gadawKveta~) aris nawarmoebi. rac Seexeba 

mo-yKv 

yKvid 

id-u-a’s, is ,,mowKvetaa~. samurzaKanoSic patarZlis 

aGmniSvneli termini aris mo-yKud 

yKud-u da niSnavs ,,mamis oJaxidan 

mowKvetils~. albaT aqedan warmodga termini oyKuduri 

ri, rac 

,,mowKvetilis gasamziTv nivTs~ aGniSnavda, romelsac qaliSvils 

mamiseuli oJaxi aZlevda. 

mziTvis momzadeba qalis ded-mamis movaleobas warmoadgenda. 

Tu gasaTxovar qals mSoblebi ar hKavda, misi gamziTveba 

Zmebs an biZebs evalebodaT, e.i. mamis sagvareulos. amas adastureben 

werilobiTi wKaroebic (zsiem, dok. 7452; Аверкиев, 

1869:338; Дубровин, 1871:43). Tu oJaxSi ramdenime qaliSvili 

103 

izrdeboda, maSin mSoblebi Jer ufross umzadebdnen mziTvs, 

Semdeg ki _ momdevnoebs. 

mziTvSi Sedioda: qalis tansacmeli, sabani, leibi, bali- 

Si, saTanado TeTreuli, xis sawoli, karada, sasadilo magida, 

skamebi, kidobani, sarke, spilenZis qvabebi, maT Soris araKis 

gamosaxdelic, Suacecxlze Camosakidebeli Jayvi (lan 

lanya 

ya), rac 

mniSvnelovani atributi iKo. Tu patarZalma kerva icoda, gaatandnen 

sakerav manqanas, zog SemTxvevaSi fulsac ki. 

SeZlebuli oJaxi, garda zemoT CamoTvlilisa, siZes unagirian 

cxensac aCuqebda, rac pirvel rigSi momavali sasiZos 

oJaxis ekonomikur moTxovnilebas akmaKofilebda. aseTi situacia 

bevrad gansxvavdeboda glexis mziTvisagan. 

mziTvs Caabarebdnen maKrebs, maTve gadascemdnen sias, romelSic 

aGnusxuli iKo masSi Semavali Kvela nivTi, raodenoba 

da Girebuleba. mas xels awerdnen maKrebi da mdade 

de//da 

dade 

de. zogadad 

mziTvis micema formdeboda xelSekrulebiT (Хрестоматия 

по истории древного востока, 1950:210). 

mziTvis micema wesi iKo Kvela wodebisa da mdgomareobis 

qalisaTvis. amitomacaa, rom mefisa da erisTavebis asulebis 

specialuri wignebis gverdiT gvxvdeba dabali socialuri wridan 

gamosuli qalebis mziTvis wignebic (Акти, 1885:262). mSoblebi 

KovelTvis cdilobdnen, rac SeiZleba kargi mziTviT gaestumrebinaT 

Svili, rom misTvis qmris oJaxSi cxovrebis Sesabamisi 

pirobebi SeeqmnaT. 

iKo SemTxvevebi, rom qalis gamziTveba Zirs scemda oJaxis 

ekonomikas _ albaT swored am moments gulisxmobda T. saxokia, 

rodesac oyKudursa da ,,amowKvetas~ erTmaneTTan aigivebda. 

mziTvi oJaxSi patarZlis miKvanamde mihqondaT, qorwilamde. 

misi gadatana xdeboda urmiT, miudgomel adgilebSi ki _ cxeniT 

an xeliT. 

garda saoJaxo nivTebisa, tansacmlisa da samkaulebisa, 

batoniSvils mziTvSi xSirad moJa 

Jala 

labe 

besac 

gaatandnen. 

gamonaklis SemTxvevaSi mziTvis Semadgenel nawils miwac 

warmoadgenda, rac ar iKo saKovelTao movlena; igi mxolod 

104

SeZlebuli oJaxebisTvis iKo niSandoblivi. 

rogorc aGvniSneT, mziTvis SemadgenlobaSi Sedioda saqonelic, 

romlis namati da rZis produqtebi rZals SeeZlo 

gaeKida da Tavisi qmar-Svilis finansuri moTxovnilebebi daekmaKofilebina. 

gaKris SemTxvevaSi Tavni mis sakuTrebas warmoadgenda, 

namatze ki pretenziebi ar hqonda. samurzaKanoSi sa- 

Tavnos _ saqonels qals zogJer bavSvis dabadebis Semdeg 

miuKvandnen. am SemTxvevaSi Zroxa mewveli unda KofiliKo. Tu 

axlad daqorwinebul oJaxs calke unda ecxovra, garda saqonlisa, 

qalis mxare mas wvrilfexa saqonels da frinvelsac aZlevda. 

ra Tqma unda, vajis mSoblebic imaves akeTebdnen. 

mziTvis erT-erTi savaldebulo elementi iKo keriis 

Jayvi-lan 

lanya 

ya: xalxuri rwmeniT, keria saoJaxo Kofis ZiriTad adgils 

warmoadgenda. misi patronoba qals evaleboda. Jayvi zeciuri 

da adamianuri samKaros damakavSirebel saSualebad miiCneoda 

(kiknaZe, 1996:10). oJaxis wevrad sapatarZlos inkorporaciis 

dros keriasTan sruldeboda zogierTi sawesCveulebo rituali. 

sagulisxmoa, rom Jayvi dasaxelebulia, agreTve, svaneT- 

Si eklesiisTvis sulis mosaxsenebel SesawiravTa nusxaSi (silogava, 

1986:269). samziTvo kompleqsSi iseTi elementis moqceva, 

rogoric iKo keriis Jayvi, miuTiTebs mziTvis sakralur bunebaze. 

mziTvis mirTmeva qorwilis dGes xdeboda. vajis oJaxSi 

mziTvs patarZali gaxsnida, romelsac qmris oJaxis wevrebis- 

Tvis gankuTvnili saCuqaric mihqonda. zogJer qals qorwilis 

mere gaatandnen mziTvs. qalis mxare mziTvis momzadebis Sesaxeb 

atKobinebda vajis oJaxs da mas axloblebis xeliT ugzavnida. 

es axloblebi iKvnen: da-Zma, biZa, mamida, deida, bicola da a. 

S., magram araviTar SemTxvevaSi mama da deda. siZis oJaxs mzi- 

Tvis mimtanebi aucileblad unda daesaCuqrebina. rodesac 

mziTvi mcire iKo, qalis oJaxi winaswar ar atKobinebda vajis 

mxares da igi Tavad mihqonda. am dros mziTvs ori-sami kaci 

gahKveboda, romlebsac siZis oJaxi asaCuqrebda (kacebs _ peran- 

105 

giT, xolo qalebs _ oqros samkauliT) Tavisi ekonomikuri SesaZleblobis 

Sesabamisad. 

106 

ganqorwinebis SemTxvevaSi, cols mziTvi Tan mihqonda, 

romelic qalis xeluxlebeli qoneba iKo. misi Tanxmobis gareSe 

aravis SeeZlo am qonebis gamoKeneba. mziTvis saxeobas, ZiriTadad, 

oJaxis ekonomikuri SesaZlebloba ganapirobebda. eTnografiuli 

masalebisa da werilobiTi wKaroebis Seswavlis Sedegad 

irkveva, rom qalis mziTvis Sedgeniloba qveKnis kulturul-ekonomikuri 

donis ganviTarebasTan erTad ganicdida 

cvlilebebs. 

c i r a J a n J G a v a 

pirve 

veli piris subi 

bieq 

eqtis orma 

magi 

aGniSvna megrul 

grulSi 

samecniero literaturaSi dadgenilia megrul-lazuri 

enis pirveli subieqturi piris v niSnis funqcionirebis pirobebi 

da is poziciebi, romlebSic misi poziciuri variantebi _ 

b f p m gvxvdeba (n. mari, i. KifSiZe, arn. Ciqobava, t. gudava, 

T. gamKreliZe...). megruli dialeqtis senakur kilokavSi TanxmovanTa 

win, mosalodneli b f p m variantebis nacvlad, v-s 

gamovlena qarTuli saliteraturo enis gavlenas miewereba 

(arn. Ciqobava). 

unda aGiniSnos, rom Kvela im poziciaSi, romlebSic pirveli 

piris niSnad f p an m gvevlineba, b-c SeiZleba gvqondes, 

magram _ ara piriqiT: f p da m ar gvxvdeba Cqamieri mjGerebis 

win (isini mxolod maTTvis Sesafer poziciaSi gvaqvs _ homogenurobis 

wesis dacviT). 

cnobilia, rom, Tu zmnas megrulSi vnebiTi gvarisa da 

qcevis i- prefiqsi daerTvis, piris niSanma SeiZleba mis momdev-

no poziciaSi gadainacvlos (da momdevno Tanxmovnis Sesabamisad 

gardaiqmnas (mag., vigarq º ibgarq `vTxri~, viTxorunq º if- 

Txorunq `vTxri~, vitaxunq º iptaxunq `vitex~). 

KuradGebas iqcevs is SemTxvevebi, rodesac piris niSnis 

gadasmis SemTxvevaSi zmnas i- prefiqsis win kvlav daerTvis 

pirveli piris formanti da viGebT pirveli piris ormag ni- 

Sans: i-s win _ v-s da mis momdevnod _ p-s: 

vi‡vilˆnq º ip‡vilˆnq º vip‡ilˆnq → º vipilˆnq `Tavs viklav~, 

vi‡iq º ip‡iq º vip‡iq → º vipiq `viqnebi~, 

vi‡idi º ip‡idi º vip‡idi → º vipidi `viKide~, 

vi‡denq º ip‡idenq º vip‡idenq → º vipidenq `viKidi~, 

vi‡oTanq º ip‡oTanq º vip‡oTanq → º vipoTanq `Cem Tavs 

vesvri~ da sxv. 

ormagi afiqsacia SeiZleba gvqondes maSinac, rodesac bagismieri 

TanxmovniT dawKebul zmnur fuZeebSi pirveli piris 

niSani fuZis SigniT gadaismis (infiqsad iqceva) da momdevno 

Tanxmovans mjGeroba-siKruis mixedviT SeewKoba; gveqneba paraleluri 

formebi: 

vbarˆnq º babrˆnq º vbabrˆq `vbarav; vberav~, 

vmanˆnq º mamnˆnq º vmamnˆnq `vtrusa~, 

vfiqrenq º fifqrenq º vfifqrenq `vficulob~, 

vputorˆnq º puptorˆq º vpuptorˆnq `vgleJ; vputav~ 

da sxv. 

pirveli piris subieqtis ormagi aGniSvna, rasakvirvelia, axali 

movlenaa da imis mimaniSnebelia, rom gadasmuli niSnis funqcia 

erTgvarad daCrdilula da amitom xdeba piris prefiqsisaTvis 

bunebriv adgils (xmnis Tavkidur poziciaSi) v-s xeldaxel 

darTva. 

107 

n i n o J o r b e n a Z e 

`jur 

jurna 

nalis 

listis orTog 

Togra 

rafi 

fiul 

ul-sti 

stilis 

listi 

tiku 

kuri 

leqsi 

siko 

koni 

ni~ 

bolo periodSi saqarTveloSi mimdinare politikur-socialurma 

procesebma da amis Sedegad axali, ucxouri leqsikis 

Semosvla-damkvidrebam; Tanamedrove, axali terminologiis 

Seqmnis aucileblobam mwvaved dasva marTlwerisa da mar- 

TlmetKvelebis mogvarebis sakiTxebi. swored amitom enaTmecnierebis 

institutis qarTuli metKvelebis kulturis ganKofilebam 

sayirod miiCnia `jur 

jurna 

nalis 

listis orTog 

Togra 

rafi 

fiul 

ul-sti 

stilis 

lis- 

tiku 

kuri leqsi 

siko 

konis 

nis~ Seqmna, sadac òr 

orTog 

Togra 

rafi 

fiul leqsi 

sikon 

kon- 

Si~ ukve dafiqsirebul Kvelaze xSirad xmarebul sitKvebTan 

erTad Setanil iqna axlad Semosuli leqsikac. 

garda amisa, `jur 

jurna 

nalis 

listis orTog 

Togra 

rafi 

fiul 

ul-sti 

stilis 

listi 

tiku 

ku- 

ri leqsi 

siko 

koni 

ni~ mTel rig siaxleebs gvTavazobs (romelTagan 

zogierTi nawilobriv asaxulia 2002 wels gamocemul `jur 

jurna 

na- 

listis stilis 

listi 

tikur cnobar 

barSi 

Si~). mag.: 

1. garda orTografiul-morfologiurisa, leqsikonSi asaxulia 

sintaqsur-stilistikuri xasiaTis Secdomebic; mag.: 

ganlag 

lagde 

deba 

- zepir metKvelebaSi xSirad ismis... am poziciaze 

ganlag 

lagde 

deba 

sxva fexburTeli... unda iKos: ... 

daika 

kavebs adgils 

gils... 

2. ucxour, gansakuTrebiT, axlad Semosul sitKvebTan, 

romelTa Sinaarsic bundovania da romelTa gamoKenebac 

xSirad konteqsturad arasworad xdeba, mocemulia ganmartebebic. 

leqsikons ara aqvs pretenzia, ganmartebiTi 

xasiaTisa iKos - aGniSnuli siaxle xels SeuwKobs 

sitKvis marTebul konteqstSi gamoKenebas (ganmarteba 

miwerilia maSinac, rodesac sitKvis mxolod erT-erTi 

mniSvnelobaa ucnobi); mag.: 

preis 

isku 

kuran 

ranti 

ti: gasaKidi saqonlis fasebis cnobari 

3. sayiroebis SemTxvevaSi saleqsikono erTeulTan mocemulia 

mokle komentaric; mag.: 

Jdeba 

(is), magram: sxdebi 

bian 

(isini): subieqtis ricxvis 

mixedviT fuZemonacvle zmnebia 

108

4. leqsikonis mniSvnelovani nawili uyiravs paronimebs Sesabamisi 

ganmartebebiTa da konteqstebis gaTvaliswinebiT; 

mag.: 

saco 

cole 

(vinc colad unda iTxovon) - saco 

colo 

(visac 

colis SerTva Sehferis) 

siaxleebia teqnikuri mxrivac. ukve arsebul da farTod 

aprobirebul niSnebTan erTad ([...ki ara], [da ara...] da a. S.) 

gamoKenebulia Semdegi pirobiTi niSnebic: 

1. naTesaobiTi brunvis forma mocemulia i (aseve, a) daboloebiT, 

romelic kavebSia Casmuli. aman saSualeba mogvca, 

Tavidan agveridebina brunvis saxelwodebis miTiTebis 

aucilebloba da sitKvis naTesaobiTi brunvis orive 

SesaZlo variantic (savrcobiT Tu mis gareSe) naCvenebia; 

2. i-ze daboloebuli saxelebis bolokiduri xmovani gaxazulia, 

rac mis fuZiseulobaze migviTiTebs. amavdroulad, 

igulisxmeba (da aris kidec miwerili frCxileb- 

Si), rom es i brunvisas ar unda SevkvecoT; 

3. leqsikoni rom ar gadatvirTuliKo, komentari mocemulia 

Kvelaze gavrcelebul (an anbanis mixedviT pirvel adgilas 

mKof) sitKvasTan. danarCen formebTan miTiTebulia 

erTeuli, romelTanac komentaria damatebuli; mag.: 

mrava 

vali saqme 

qme, weri 

rili 

li... [da ara mravali saqmeebi, werilebi...]; 

ix. bevri 

4. im formebTan, romelTa paronimebad miCnevac gayirda, 

magram romelTa arevis albaTobac arsebobs, gamoKenebulia 

pirobiTi niSani Sdr.: mag.: 

salte 

lte...: liTonis rkali... Sdr.: salto 

lto: 1. akrobatuli 

naxtomi... 2. ... saxifaTo nabiJi 

Kovelive zemoCamoTvlili leqsikonis moxmarebis gaadvilebisa 

da srulKofisaken iKo mimarTuli. imedia, `jur 

jurna 

nalis 

listis or- 

Togra 

rafi 

fiul 

ul-sti 

stilis 

listi 

tiku 

kuri leqsi 

siko 

koni 

ni~ daxmarebas gauwevs rogorc 

jurnalistebs, aseve, enis siwmindiT dainteresebul Kvela 

sxva pirs. ivaraudeba wignis meore nawilis gamocemac. 

109

Tez-2009.-XX _Chikob. Sakitx._

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