Checklist of Baltic Sea Macro-species - IOW

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Denmark Germany Sweden may differ but the general information is the same in all checklists. It is important to remember that the Baltic Sea is not a uniform body of water providing the same living environment but rather a combination of several different types of habitats. As a result, and for the purposes of this study, the Baltic Sea was divided into sub-basins on the basis of seabed shape. For each sub-basin, abiotic factors such as depth and water exchange differ and create subbasin specific environments based on chemical and physical properties. To make the checklist more exact, the distribution data are presented by sub-basin (Figure 1). For each sub-basin, the reference for the observation in that area is available through the experts named Bothnian Bay The Quark Bothnian Sea Archipelago Sea Åland Sea Northern Baltic Proper Western Gotland Basin Little Belt Great Belt Kattegat The Sound Bornholm Basin Arkona Basin Bay of Mecklenburg Kiel Bay Poland Russia Finland Gulf of Finland Estonia Latvia Gulf of Riga Eastern Gotland Basin Lithuania Gulf of Gdańsk at the start of Chapters 2 to 6. The aim has also been to separate recent and older records. In some cases, amendments have been made to the information in the checklist. For example, more specific information can be found in some checklists (such as the nature of the species’ occurrence in a specific area; breeding, occasionally breeding etc.) or the extent of the area used to supply distribution data may differ (as is the case for birds). More information on such amendments is given in the relevant documentation section. 1.4 Using and updating the checklist and distribution data This report is the foundation document for the Checklist of Baltic Sea Macro-species and includes all background information. A separate digital checklist in the form of a spreadsheet will be kept up to date by a regular review at a minimum of every three years. This will make use of new data as they become available and will record changes in taxonomy and distribution. The digital checklist will contain a log of updates made to the checklist since the present document was published. The date on the downloaded file will indicate the date of the last update. For people requiring the most recently updated version of the checklist or part of the checklist only, there are separate Excel versions available for download via the HELCOM website (www. helcom.fi). Suggestions, changes or additions to the checklist are warmly welcomed and all comments should be sent to the HELCOM Secretariat. These will be reviewed by the relevant experts before action is taken. This foundation document contains a printable version of the HELCOM checklist. The complete checklist (as of November 2011) can be found in Chapter 7, while Chapters 2 to 6 describe the documentation and data sources used by each team of experts in compiling the checklist. Reference data for the checklist are available by contacting the expert team representative for the country and group in question, the chair of the team, or the HELCOM Secretariat. 6 Figure 1. Baltic Sea sub-basins used as the basis for compiling distribution data for the five checklists.
1.5 Summary of the checklist entries The HELCOM checklist contains 2730 species. The majority of the species, a total of 1898, belong to the benthic invertebrate group. Of the remaining 832 species, macrophytes, vascular plants and bryophytes make up a substantial proportion, followed by the fish and lamprey group. The bird checklist only includes birds breeding in the Baltic and so contains relatively few species. All Baltic marine mammals are included on the list of mammals, resulting in five species in total (Figure 2). Finland where the powerful salinity gradient and shallow waters provide a varied living environment with an influx of freshwater species and insect larvae from the Neva estuary. The geographical division of species per group can be found in the relevant documentation section. Number of species 201–300 301–400 401–600 601–800 801–1000 1001–1607 313 289 A clear trend in biodiversity is evident for all groups, with the number of species in an area decreasing along a south to north gradient (Figure 3). An exception occurs in the Gulf of Fish and lamprey species, 239 9% 383 260 261 275 759 Mammals, 5 0% 270 Macrophytes, 531 19% 1607 246 294 Birds, 57 2% Invertebrates, 1898 70% 849 764 818 707 1044 603 441 292 Figure 2. Total number of Baltic Sea species per group. Number of species per sub-basin Bothnian Bay The Quark Bothnian Sea Archipelago Sea Åland Sea Gulf of Finland Northern Baltic Proper Gulf of Riga Gulf of Gdask Eastern Gotland Basin Western Gotland Basin Bornholm Basin Arkona Basin The Sound Bay of Mecklenburg Kiel Bay Little Belt 298 313 383 261 260 759 275 270 292 294 246 441 608 1044 707 818 764 Great Belt 849 Kattegat 1607 0 500 1000 1500 2000 Figure 3. Number and distribution of species per sub-basin. Percentage of species per sub-basin as a proportion of the total number of species Bothnian Bay 10.9 The Quark 11.5 Bothnian Sea 14.0 Archipelago Sea 9.6 Åland Sea 9.5 Gulf of Finland 27.8 Northern Baltic Proper 10.1 Gulf of Riga 9.9 Gulf of Gdask 10.7 Eastern Gotland Basin 10.8 Western Gotland Basin Bornholm Basin Arkona Basin The Sound Bay of Mecklenburg Kiel Bay Little Belt 9.0 16.1 22.1 38.2 25.9 29.9 28.0 Great Belt 31.1 Kattegat 58.8 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 7
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