q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a
q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a
ar ixmareba (da amiTac gansxvavdeba statikuri awmyosagan), magram -n-s gamovlena mainc angariSgasawevia: gauxarnia mis WroRa Tvalsa: s. mgalobl. I, 180,4. visac siyrmeSi ar gauxarnia: k. gamsaxurdia, didost. 82,21. cotaodeni sikeTe damiTesnia: i. gogeb. I, 314. magram ZiriTadi gansxvaveba -n sufiqsiani zmnebisa sxva formebisagan aqac mainc amosavali fuZis TaviseburebaSi mdgomareobs: -n sufiqsi gvxvdeba iseTi saSuali gvaris zmnebSi, romelTac gardamaval zmnaTagan aqvT nasesxebi formebi, anda saTaviso qcevas awarmoeben gansxvavebulad 19 . amitom ZiriTadad paradigmi aseTia: xarobs _ gaixara _ gauxarnia; axarebs _ gaaxara _ gauxarebia: vin icis, ramdeni... qvrivi Tu oboli gagixarebiaT simarTliT: l. ardaz. 167,9. [balaxi] daminergavs gulSi da... cremliT gamixarebia: a. WumbaZe, 190,10. daamuSavebs _ daamuSava _ daumuSavebia; muSaobs _ imuSava _ umuSavnia: CemTvis mimuSavnia: saq. siZv. III, 529, (1789 w.). moZRvars svindisierad umuSavnia: i. gogeb. I, 149. rac giorgi mTawmindels umuSavnia: i. javaxiSv. I, 148. axalgazrdobasTan bevri umuSavnia studiis mTavar reJisors: (pres.). agemebs _ agema _ ugemebia; igemebs _ igema _ ugemnia: bevrs Tqvengans zamTris susxi amis metad ar ugemnia: T. razik. 377,5. visac odesme siyvaruli gamoucdia, mas ugemnia TviT sikvdili: k. gamsaxurdia, didost. 233,22. asesxebs _ asesxa _ usesxebia; isesxebs _ isesxa _ usesxnia: rac medicinaSi uebari wamalia, eqimebs xalxisagan usesxnia: i. gogeb. I, 156. bevrjer gvisesxnia misgan fuli. g. wereTeli, 177,11. daafiqrebs _ daafiqra _ daufiqrebia; fiqrobs _ ifiqra _ ufiqrnia: didxans aRar ufiqrnia: ilia, II, 78. ilikos gaqceva aRar ufiqrnia: i. ekalaZe, rC. 9,18, aseve: T. razik. 231,17; e. ninoSv. II, 228, 23... avtors yvelaferi windawinve moufiqrnia: i. javax. saist. mwerl. I, 67. amgvaradve unda aixsnas usauzmnia (s. SanS. 297), ulaparaknia (n. lorTq. Txz. 162). uavadmyofnia (f. gogiCaiSvili, i. gogeb. kreb. 280) umoqmednia, unadirnia (g. wereT. 382,30), uqeifniaT (ilia, III, 26), dauZinia da dauZinebia zmnebis xmareba Tanamedrove mxatvrul literaturasa da presaSi. marTalia, -n da -eb sufiqsebis gamoyenebaSi aseTi ganawileba igrZnoba, magram es araa Zveli movlena; maTi monacvleoba maTi odindeli erTobis maCvenebelia. amgvari monacvleoba erTsa da imave fuZeSi zeviTac aRiniSna: g a u m a r j v e b i a || gaumarjvnia; daumsaxurebia || daumsaxurnia (i. gogeb. I, 158); daumarTebia || d a u m a r T n i a (l. qiaC. II, 26) da sxv. 20 danarCen SemTxvevebSi -n fonetikur mizezTa gamo ar Cans, Torem -eb sufiqsis monacvled is ivaraudeba: d a s c l i a || dascalebia, hyolia || h y o l e b i a tipis formebi amis damadasturebelia. Tu fonetikuri piroba damabrkolebeli araa, -n sufiqsi TiTqmis yovelTvisaa warmodgenili. sayuradReboa, rom ramdenime vnebiTi gvaris zmnaSi dRes saliteraturo enaSi -n sufiq- 19 amis mixedviT aris gansxvavebuli qarTuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi formebi: gaiWrialebs _ gauWrialnia; daaZaxebs _ dauZaxebia; dauZaxebs _ dauZaxnia, Tumca -n da -eb sufiqsebis xmarebaSi normatulobis principi araa daculi: ainavardebs _ aunavardnia, magram: gainavardebs _ gaunavardnia || gaunavardebia; gautacnia || gautacebia... 20 Sdr. daaZax-eb-ina-s mniSvnelobiT imerxeulSi daaZaxnia (iman emri qna, Telals daaZaxnia: TP. VII, gv. 61). 96
sis gavrcelebisaken ufroa midrekileba: S e s c i v d a _ S e s c i v n i a (Sdr. Sescivebia), mohSivda _ mohSivnia (Sdr. mohSivebia), astkivda _ astkivnia (Sdr. astkivebia), m o u n d a _ m o s d o m n i a (Sdr. mosdomebia), jani g a v a r d a _ jani g a - v a r d n i a (ilia, II, 160) da a. S. magram aseTi warmoeba yvelgan ar damkvidrda. vnebiTi gvaris orpirian zmnaTaTvis TurmeobiT pirvelSi xan -en sufiqsiani fuZea (dasavlur dialeqtebSi upiratesad), xan masdaris fuZe: daxvda: daxvdomia da daxvdenia; moukvda: mokvdomia da mokvdenia; darCa: darComia da darCenia; gadaxda: gadaxdomia da gadaxdenia. -en sufiqsiani formebi aq im sibrtyeze unda iqnes ganxiluli, razedac d a m a r - T n i a tipis zmnebSi. es kia, rom -en aqac axalia 21 da ori variantidan ufro Zvelia is, romelic masdaris saziaro fuZes iyenebs. amgvarad, am ramdenime zmnasTan gamovlenili -en sufiqsi gvafiqrebinebs, rom -e xmovani unda miuZRodes -n Tanxmovans yvela zemoT ganxilul zmnaSi. aseTi sufiqsi sxva SemTxvevaSic gvaqvs: Sdr. aRagzebs da aRvagz-en: siborgilsa aRagzebs: equsTa dReTaჲ. 102, 23. agzebdes mRdeli igi SeSasa: levit. 6, 2. raჲTa Seugznan ali cecxlisaჲ: kim. II, 24,7. marTalia, astkivda _ astkivnia vnebiTi gvaris zmnaa, magram -n sufiqsi yvelgan vnebiTis rodia TurmeobiTebSi. es sufiqsi sxva nakvTis formaSic gvaqvs da aravnebiTSic. sazogadod, vnebiTis niSnad misi miCneva gaWirdeboda. magaliTebis SeswavliT irkveva, rom igi Cndeba erTsa da imave dros pirvelsa da meore TurmeobiT- Si. Tu pirvel TurmeobiTSia, meoreSic gadahyveba (Sdr. mosuliyvnen iosebTan da Sexvewn odnen: saq. siZv. III, 376, 1769 w.). ricxvs mniSvneloba ara aqvs: mxoloobiT- Siacaa da mravlobiTSic. amgvarad, miyidnia, gamitexnia zmnebSi ver iqneba -n vnebiTisa iseve, rogorc sxva zmnebSi, romelTa sintaqsuri mniSvneloba garkveviT moqmedebiTia. isicaa mxedvelobaSi misaRebi, rom -n sufiqsis xmarebas TurmeobiTSi ase Tu ise sistemuri xasiaTi eZleva XIV_XV saukuneebidan. cnobili kia, rom am droisaTvis -n, rogorc vnebiTis sufiqsi, mkvdaria. is ar ixmareba aRarc nasaxelar fuZeTa vnebiTis sawarmoeblad, arc miT ufro sxva zmnebSi. dasturdeba, rom es -n (← -en) zmnuri fuZis iseTive sawarmoebeli sufiqsia, rogoric -an, -on, -ev da sxvebi, gamoyenebuli sxvadasxva seriis formebSi 22 . es -n gvqonda erTi tipis zmnebSi da maTi analogiiT aqac gavrcelda. yuradRebas iqcevs –n (← -en) sufiqsis xmareba rig SemTxvevaSi iq, sadac sxva magaliTebis mixedviT -eb sufiqsicaa cnobili (mou-mat-eb-ia || mou-mat-n-ia...). ramdenadac sarwmunoa, rom saxelisa da zmnis fuZeSi -eb sufiqsi erTi da igive odenobaa geneturad da istoriulad 23 , xolo saxelis morfologiur kategoriaSi gamoyenebuli -n da -eb sufiqsebi semantikurad agreTve erTi da igivea 24 . amdenad cxadia, rom -n-s igive funqcia aqvs moumat-n-ia-Si, rac -eb-s amave moumat-eb-ia-Si. am sufiqsis gaCenasa da damkvidrebas ramdenime Sem- TxvevaSi SegviZlia kidec vadevnoT Tvali qarTuli enis istoriaSi. cnobilia, rom Zvel qarTulSi statikuri zmna martivi fuZiT ixmareboda h-mat-s. rodesac axal formaTa warmoebis SesaZlebloba da saWiroeba warmoiSva, dialeqtebis mixedviT sxvadasxva sufiqsi iqna gamoyenebuli, erTi mxriT: mou-mat-eb-ia, meore mxriT, mou- 21 Sdr. gadaxdomia || gadaxdenia (s. SanS. 5): xed (Ãed) fuZes erTvis -en. 22 Sdr. daicavs _ daicev, davadg-er... 23 iv. q a v T a r a Z e , zmnis ZiriTadi kategoriebis istoriisaTvis Zvel qarTulSi: 1954, gv. 93. 24 arn. C i q o b a v a , mravlobiTobis sufiqsTa genezisaTvis qarTulSi: iberiul-kavkasiuri enaTmecniereba, VI, 1954, gv.gv. 72-73. 97
- Page 45 and 46: mimarTulebas gadmoscems; mag.: a R
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sis gavrcelebisaken ufroa midrekileba: S e s c i v d a _ S e s c i v n i a (Sdr. Sescivebia),<br />
mohSivda _ mohSivnia (Sdr. mohSivebia), astkivda _ astkivnia (Sdr. astkivebia),<br />
m o u n d a _ m o s d o m n i a (Sdr. mosdomebia), jani g a v a r d a _ jani g a -<br />
v a r d n i a (ilia, II, 160) da a. S.<br />
magram aseTi warmoeba yvelgan ar damkvidrda. vnebiTi gvaris orpirian zmnaTaTvis<br />
TurmeobiT pirvelSi xan -en sufiqsiani fuZea (dasavlur dialeqtebSi upiratesad),<br />
xan masdaris fuZe: daxvda: daxvdomia da daxvdenia; moukvda:<br />
mokvdomia da mokvdenia; darCa: darComia da darCenia; gadaxda: gadaxdomia<br />
da gadaxdenia.<br />
-en sufiqsiani formebi aq im sibrtyeze unda iqnes ganxiluli, razedac d a m a r -<br />
T n i a tipis zmnebSi. es kia, rom -en aqac axalia 21 da ori variantidan ufro Zvelia<br />
is, romelic masdaris saziaro fuZes iyenebs. amgvarad, am ramdenime zmnasTan gamovlenili<br />
-en sufiqsi gvafiqrebinebs, rom -e xmovani unda miuZRodes -n Tanxmovans yvela<br />
zemoT ganxilul zmnaSi. aseTi sufiqsi sxva SemTxvevaSic gvaqvs: Sdr. aRagzebs<br />
da aRvagz-en:<br />
siborgilsa aRagzebs: equsTa dReTaჲ. 102, 23.<br />
agzebdes mRdeli igi SeSasa: levit. 6, 2.<br />
raჲTa Seugznan ali cecxlisaჲ: kim. II, 24,7.<br />
marTalia, astkivda _ astkivnia vnebiTi gvaris zmnaa, magram -n sufiqsi<br />
yvelgan vnebiTis rodia TurmeobiTebSi. es sufiqsi sxva nakvTis formaSic gvaqvs da<br />
aravnebiTSic. sazogadod, vnebiTis niSnad misi miCneva gaWirdeboda. magaliTebis SeswavliT<br />
irkveva, rom igi Cndeba erTsa da imave dros pirvelsa da meore TurmeobiT-<br />
Si. Tu pirvel TurmeobiTSia, meoreSic gadahyveba (Sdr. mosuliyvnen iosebTan da<br />
Sexvewn odnen: saq. siZv. III, 376, 1769 w.). ricxvs mniSvneloba ara aqvs: mxoloobiT-<br />
Siacaa da mravlobiTSic. amgvarad, miyidnia, gamitexnia zmnebSi ver iqneba -n vnebiTisa<br />
iseve, rogorc sxva zmnebSi, romelTa sintaqsuri mniSvneloba garkveviT moqmedebiTia.<br />
isicaa mxedvelobaSi misaRebi, rom -n sufiqsis xmarebas TurmeobiTSi ase Tu<br />
ise sistemuri xasiaTi eZleva XIV_XV saukuneebidan. cnobili kia, rom am droisaTvis<br />
-n, rogorc vnebiTis sufiqsi, mkvdaria. is ar ixmareba aRarc nasaxelar fuZeTa<br />
vnebiTis sawarmoeblad, arc miT ufro sxva zmnebSi.<br />
dasturdeba, rom es -n (← -en) zmnuri fuZis iseTive sawarmoebeli sufiqsia, rogoric<br />
-an, -on, -ev da sxvebi, gamoyenebuli sxvadasxva seriis formebSi 22 . es -n gvqonda<br />
erTi tipis zmnebSi da maTi analogiiT aqac gavrcelda. yuradRebas iqcevs –n (← -en)<br />
sufiqsis xmareba rig SemTxvevaSi iq, sadac sxva magaliTebis mixedviT -eb sufiqsicaa<br />
cnobili (mou-mat-eb-ia || mou-mat-n-ia...). ramdenadac sarwmunoa, rom saxelisa da<br />
zmnis fuZeSi -eb sufiqsi erTi da igive odenobaa geneturad da istoriulad 23 , xolo<br />
saxelis morfologiur kategoriaSi gamoyenebuli -n da -eb sufiqsebi semantikurad<br />
agreTve erTi da igivea 24 . amdenad cxadia, rom -n-s igive funqcia aqvs moumat-n-ia-Si,<br />
rac -eb-s amave moumat-eb-ia-Si. am sufiqsis gaCenasa da damkvidrebas ramdenime Sem-<br />
TxvevaSi SegviZlia kidec vadevnoT Tvali qarTuli enis istoriaSi. cnobilia, rom<br />
Zvel qarTulSi statikuri zmna martivi fuZiT ixmareboda h-mat-s. rodesac axal<br />
formaTa warmoebis SesaZlebloba da saWiroeba warmoiSva, dialeqtebis mixedviT<br />
sxvadasxva sufiqsi iqna gamoyenebuli, erTi mxriT: mou-mat-eb-ia, meore mxriT, mou-<br />
21 Sdr. gadaxdomia || gadaxdenia (s. SanS. 5): xed (Ãed) fuZes erTvis -en.<br />
22 Sdr. daicavs _ daicev, davadg-er...<br />
23 iv. q a v T a r a Z e , zmnis ZiriTadi kategoriebis istoriisaTvis Zvel qarTulSi: 1954, gv. 93.<br />
24 arn. C i q o b a v a , mravlobiTobis sufiqsTa genezisaTvis qarTulSi: iberiul-kavkasiuri<br />
enaTmecniereba, VI, 1954, gv.gv. 72-73.<br />
97
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