q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a

87
ivane qavTaraZe
dro-kiloTa mesame seriis warmoebis erTi Tavisebureba axal qarTulSi 1
qarTuli enis gramatikuli wyobis Seswavla arkvevs rogorc am enis struqturisa
da istoriis rTul movlenebs, ise misi ganviTarebis Sinagan kanonzomierebaTa specifikas.
enis gramatikuli wyoba `ufro nela icvleba, vidre ZiriTadi leqsikuri fondi.
igi, ra Tqma unda, icvleba droTa viTarebaSi, igi ufro srulyofili xdeba, aumjobesebs
da azustebs Tavis wesebs, iZens axal wesebs, magram gramatikuli wyobis
safuZvlebi rCeba metad didi xnis ganmavlobaSi, radgan am safuZvlebs, rogorc istoria
gviCvenebs, SeuZliaT warmatebiT emsaxuron sazogadoebas mTeli rigi epoqebis
manZilze~ 2 .
am debulebidan Sinagani aucileblobiT gamomdinareobs daskvna, rom gramatikul
wyobaSi uaxlesi warmoebis formaTa gverdiT, ganviTarebis procesSi SeZenil axal
erTeulebTan erTad, SeiZleba Semonaxuli gvqondes uZvelesi warmoebis formebic,
winaT moqmedi gramatikuli kanonzomierebis gadmonaSTebi. cxadia, rom swored amitom
enaSi moqmedi obieqturi kanonebis ZaliT, TandaTanobiT, xangrZlivad mimdinare
procesebis Sedegad xdeba enobrivi formebis mudmivi srulyofa da mowesrigeba-gaumjobeseba.
Eena Tavidan iSorebs uZvelesi periodisaTvis damaxasiaTebel zedmet konkretulobas,
erideba erTnairi mniSvnelobiT sxvadasxva formebis xmarebas da cvlis
maT ufro abstraqtuli formebiTa da kategoriebiT.
am aspeqtSi unda ganvixiloT dro-kiloTa mesame seriis warmoebis erTi Tavisebureba
axal qarTul enaSi. saqme exeba gardamaval zmnaTa -n elementdarTul formebs
TurmeobiTebsa da iSviaTad kavSirebiTs mesameSi: u m u S a v - n - i a , g a u t a c - n - i a ,
uyid-n-ia... emuSav-n-a, gaetac-n-a, eyid-n-a da misTana zmnebs, agreTve
gardauval daviwy-n-i-a, damarT-n-i-a tipis warmoebas, romlis xmarebaSic er-
Tgvari midrekileba SeiniSneba mxatvruli literaturisa da presis enaSi.
qarTul gramatikul literaturaSi am -n sufiqsis Sesaxeb sxvadasxva mosazrebaa
gamoTqmuli. igi SeniSnuli hqonda jer kidev Tedo J o r d a n i a s , romelic u y i d - n -
i-a, uqadag-n-i-a tipis formebSi -n-s keTilxmovanebis moTxovnilebiT gaCenilad
miiCnevda 3 . s. x u n d a Z e s miaCnda, rom -n sufiqsiani zmnebis gamoyenebasTan saTanado
morfologiuri gansxvavebaa dakavSirebuli: minadirn-i-a, miyvar-n-ia _ saSuali
gvaris zmnebia, xolo m i n a d i r e b i a , m i y v a r e b i a _ moqmedebiTi zmnis formaao
4 . samagierod, meore qarTveli gramatikosi ar. q u T a T e l a Z e -n-s xmarebaSi aravi-
Tar gamarTlebas ar xedavda. igi werda: `SeniSnulia, rom namyo gagrZelebulSi da
namyo srulSi zmnebs uzis xSirad aso `n~, romelic, Cvenis azriT, `paraziti~ unda
iyos, radganac araviTari Zala da mniSvneloba mas uRvlilebis dros ara aqvs _ mag.,
`wov-n-a (wova), tyorc-n-a (tyorca)...~ 5 .
avtoris Tvalsazrisi gasagebia: parazitia (e. i. zedmetia) es sufiqsi imdenad,
ramdenadac misi xmareba aucilebeli araa, umisodac formebi advilad iwarmoeba da
gasagebia, magram Secdomaa, roca avtors igi klasikuri qarTulidan momdinared miaCnia
da d e v - n - a tipis formebSi -n sufiqss imave odenobad miiCnevs, rac gan-acv-n-a-
Si gvaqvs 6 .
TurmeobiTebSi gamovlenili -n sufiqsis axsnisaTvis iyo cda imave nakvTebis pre-
1 iberiul-kavkasiuri enaTmecniereba, VII, Tb., 1955.
2 i. stalini, marqsizmi da enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi, 1954, gv. 23.
3 T. J o r d a n i a , qarTuli grammatika: etimologia da sintaqsi, tfilisi, 1889, gv. 28.
4 s. xundaZe, qarTuli zmnebi, quTaisi, 1891, gv. 62.
5 ar. q u T a T e l a Z e , qarTuli zmnebis klasifikacia, tfilisi, 1897, gv. 38.
6 Sdr. iqve.