q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a
q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a
kavSirebiTis formantTa saSualebiT. scodnia _ scodnoda _ scodnodes. amis mizezi is unda iyos, rom TurmeobiTi meore enaSi gagebulia rogorc TurmeobiTi pirvelis namyo uwyveteli, xolo kavSirebiTi mesame _ rogorc misi kavSirebi- Ti. gardamavali zmnis TurmeobiTi meorisa da kavSirebiTi mesamis warmoebasTan SedarebiT aseTi warmoeba gviandeli unda iyos: is gulisxmobs mesame seriis mwkrivTa dasrulebuli sistemis arsebobas Sinaarsobrivi SefardebiT: awmyo, uwyveteli, kav- SirebiTi. magram gasarkvevia: gvqonda am zmnebSi gardamavali zmnisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli warmoeba, romelic mere -od warmoebiT Seicvala, Tu amgvar zmnebs Turmeobi- Tebi saerTod ar ewarmoebodaT da maTi mesame seria saerTod gviandeli warmonaqmnia. uZveles ZeglebSi orpiriani gardauvali zmnis TurmeobiTi saerTod ar gvxvdeba. Cndeba SedarebiT gvian. is garemoeba, rom -od sufiqsi, romelic relatiuri gardauvali zmnis TurmeobiT meoreSi ixmareba, uZvelesi formantia, `scodnoda~ formebis gviandelad miCnevisaTvis dabrkoleba ver iqneba. Tumca es sufiqsi Zvelia, magram dResac cocxali formantia, maSasadame, SesaZlebelia enam igi ixmaros axal nakvTSi, Tu ki Sesaferisi Sinaarsis aRniSvna gaxdeba saWiro. amis magaliTad SeiZleba gamodges `bneloda~ `cxeloda~ tipis zmnebi, sadac -od formantis darTva aSkarad Semdegdroindeli movlenaa (awmyoSi: bnela `bnel ars~, cxela `cxel ars~). SeiZleba davaskvnaT: gardamavali zmnis TurmeobiTi pirveli qarTvelur enebSi warmoadgens istoriulad statikuri zmnis sasxviso qcevis awmyos. TurmeobiTi meore Sesatyvisi statikuri vnebiTis zmnebTan igivea, rac am zmnaTa vnebiTis namyo. aseve kavSirebiTi mesame warmoadgens Sesatyvisi statikuri vnebiTis kavSirebiTs. im moqmedebiT zmnebze, romelTac statikuri vnebiTi ar moepovebaT, mesame seriis warmoebisas arsebuli morfologiuri norma gavrcelda. maSasadame, gardamavali zmnis mesame seria qarTvelur enebSi miRebuli Cans statikuri vnebiTis awmyosa, namyosa da kavSirebiTisagan mxolod mniSvnelobis evoluciis Sedegad. ukanasknelma asaxva ver pova formaSi romelime mawarmoeblis saxiT (Tu ar CavTvliT, erTi mxriv, preverbis darTvas samsave qarTvelur enaSi, rac arsebiTi ar aris, da, meore mxriv, sxvaobas qcevis aRniSvnaSi svanurSi, rac agreTve fu- Zes ar exeba). 86
87 ivane qavTaraZe dro-kiloTa mesame seriis warmoebis erTi Tavisebureba axal qarTulSi 1 qarTuli enis gramatikuli wyobis Seswavla arkvevs rogorc am enis struqturisa da istoriis rTul movlenebs, ise misi ganviTarebis Sinagan kanonzomierebaTa specifikas. enis gramatikuli wyoba `ufro nela icvleba, vidre ZiriTadi leqsikuri fondi. igi, ra Tqma unda, icvleba droTa viTarebaSi, igi ufro srulyofili xdeba, aumjobesebs da azustebs Tavis wesebs, iZens axal wesebs, magram gramatikuli wyobis safuZvlebi rCeba metad didi xnis ganmavlobaSi, radgan am safuZvlebs, rogorc istoria gviCvenebs, SeuZliaT warmatebiT emsaxuron sazogadoebas mTeli rigi epoqebis manZilze~ 2 . am debulebidan Sinagani aucileblobiT gamomdinareobs daskvna, rom gramatikul wyobaSi uaxlesi warmoebis formaTa gverdiT, ganviTarebis procesSi SeZenil axal erTeulebTan erTad, SeiZleba Semonaxuli gvqondes uZvelesi warmoebis formebic, winaT moqmedi gramatikuli kanonzomierebis gadmonaSTebi. cxadia, rom swored amitom enaSi moqmedi obieqturi kanonebis ZaliT, TandaTanobiT, xangrZlivad mimdinare procesebis Sedegad xdeba enobrivi formebis mudmivi srulyofa da mowesrigeba-gaumjobeseba. Eena Tavidan iSorebs uZvelesi periodisaTvis damaxasiaTebel zedmet konkretulobas, erideba erTnairi mniSvnelobiT sxvadasxva formebis xmarebas da cvlis maT ufro abstraqtuli formebiTa da kategoriebiT. am aspeqtSi unda ganvixiloT dro-kiloTa mesame seriis warmoebis erTi Tavisebureba axal qarTul enaSi. saqme exeba gardamaval zmnaTa -n elementdarTul formebs TurmeobiTebsa da iSviaTad kavSirebiTs mesameSi: u m u S a v - n - i a , g a u t a c - n - i a , uyid-n-ia... emuSav-n-a, gaetac-n-a, eyid-n-a da misTana zmnebs, agreTve gardauval daviwy-n-i-a, damarT-n-i-a tipis warmoebas, romlis xmarebaSic er- Tgvari midrekileba SeiniSneba mxatvruli literaturisa da presis enaSi. qarTul gramatikul literaturaSi am -n sufiqsis Sesaxeb sxvadasxva mosazrebaa gamoTqmuli. igi SeniSnuli hqonda jer kidev Tedo J o r d a n i a s , romelic u y i d - n - i-a, uqadag-n-i-a tipis formebSi -n-s keTilxmovanebis moTxovnilebiT gaCenilad miiCnevda 3 . s. x u n d a Z e s miaCnda, rom -n sufiqsiani zmnebis gamoyenebasTan saTanado morfologiuri gansxvavebaa dakavSirebuli: minadirn-i-a, miyvar-n-ia _ saSuali gvaris zmnebia, xolo m i n a d i r e b i a , m i y v a r e b i a _ moqmedebiTi zmnis formaao 4 . samagierod, meore qarTveli gramatikosi ar. q u T a T e l a Z e -n-s xmarebaSi aravi- Tar gamarTlebas ar xedavda. igi werda: `SeniSnulia, rom namyo gagrZelebulSi da namyo srulSi zmnebs uzis xSirad aso `n~, romelic, Cvenis azriT, `paraziti~ unda iyos, radganac araviTari Zala da mniSvneloba mas uRvlilebis dros ara aqvs _ mag., `wov-n-a (wova), tyorc-n-a (tyorca)...~ 5 . avtoris Tvalsazrisi gasagebia: parazitia (e. i. zedmetia) es sufiqsi imdenad, ramdenadac misi xmareba aucilebeli araa, umisodac formebi advilad iwarmoeba da gasagebia, magram Secdomaa, roca avtors igi klasikuri qarTulidan momdinared miaCnia da d e v - n - a tipis formebSi -n sufiqss imave odenobad miiCnevs, rac gan-acv-n-a- Si gvaqvs 6 . TurmeobiTebSi gamovlenili -n sufiqsis axsnisaTvis iyo cda imave nakvTebis pre- 1 iberiul-kavkasiuri enaTmecniereba, VII, Tb., 1955. 2 i. stalini, marqsizmi da enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi, 1954, gv. 23. 3 T. J o r d a n i a , qarTuli grammatika: etimologia da sintaqsi, tfilisi, 1889, gv. 28. 4 s. xundaZe, qarTuli zmnebi, quTaisi, 1891, gv. 62. 5 ar. q u T a T e l a Z e , qarTuli zmnebis klasifikacia, tfilisi, 1897, gv. 38. 6 Sdr. iqve.
- Page 35 and 36: ⎡ i⎤ sga / ska da qa zmniswineb
- Page 37 and 38: gamoekueTa kldisagan (DE mT 27, 60)
- Page 39 and 40: ma- zmniswini yovelgvari asimilacii
- Page 41 and 42: amitom is I piris myofobis areSi ig
- Page 43 and 44: war- zmniswinis zemoaRniSnuli mniSv
- Page 45 and 46: mimarTulebas gadmoscems; mag.: a R
- Page 47 and 48: 7. uku-, wiaR-. Zvel qarTulSi iSvia
- Page 49 and 50: Sinaarsobrivi an stiluric aris, ker
- Page 51 and 52: lian xSirad aris warmodgenili erTi
- Page 53 and 54: seburi daboloebiTac, magaliTad: ibm
- Page 55 and 56: tipis vnebiTebSic (gaTbnen, aSendne
- Page 57 and 58: g. orpiriani vnebiTi gvaris zmnebis
- Page 59 and 60: zog SemTxvevaSi gamoCndeba), magram
- Page 61 and 62: saTvis. asea sil. xundaZesTan, ias.
- Page 63 and 64: 1. awmyosagan iwarmoeba (`awmdgomis
- Page 65 and 66: gan gansxvavebiT, TurmeobiTi meore,
- Page 67 and 68: axsna mecnierebis mizans warmoadgen
- Page 69 and 70: TulSi gvaqvs (ubrZanebies, dauteveb
- Page 71 and 72: Zveli qarTulis ZeglebSi ar mogvepov
- Page 73 and 74: struqciis ganviTarebis meqanizmi? T
- Page 75 and 76: velSi SeiZleba warmodgenili iyos pi
- Page 77 and 78: viCnioT. sailustraciod SeiZleba pir
- Page 79 and 80: nareobs -en sufiqsisagan, romlic zm
- Page 81 and 82: neboda imis codna, -a enacvleba Cve
- Page 83 and 84: umTavresad e, ufro iSviaTad o/i rig
- Page 85: gvaqvs prefiqsiani dinamikuri vnebi
- Page 89 and 90: Ruawli keTili mogiRuawebies: xanZT.
- Page 91 and 92: moTxr. 278. ukanaskneli valdebuli i
- Page 93 and 94: aq moeyarnaT Tavi alvanel mwyemsebs
- Page 95 and 96: meore TurmeobiTis zemoT moyvanilma
- Page 97 and 98: sis gavrcelebisaken ufroa midrekile
- Page 99 and 100: yvela am tipis zmnaSi? -n marTlac,
- Page 101 and 102: mimReobis warmoeba qarTulSi 1 101 e
- Page 103 and 104: kÂrn-e _ m-i-kÂr-s, mo-cal-e _ i-
- Page 105 and 106: tyuv-an, m-tkiv-an, m-siv-an, m-civ
- Page 107 and 108: me gvqondes qarTuli enis ganviTareb
- Page 109 and 110: drois gamoxatvis sakiTxi mimReobaTa
- Page 111 and 112: adgan mimReobis formebSi istoriulad
- Page 113 and 114: `zogs oci kaci hyvanda, zogs ocdaaT
- Page 115 and 116: ev: sa-kum-ev-el, aR-r-e(v)-ul, rC-
- Page 117 and 118: niSnavda; subieqti _ moqmedebis Sem
- Page 119 and 120: fiqsi unda gvqonoda (sainteresoa, r
- Page 121 and 122: adamianTa saxelebs ganmeorebis maRa
- Page 123 and 124: dasaxelebuli zedsarTavi saxelebi aw
- Page 125 and 126: maT mravlobiTi ricxvi morfologiurad
- Page 127 and 128: cipia gatarebuli _ yvela brunvaSi w
- Page 129 and 130: verc imas vityviT, rom zemomoyvanil
- Page 131 and 132: siwiTle _ abstraqciaa (`wiTlis Tvis
- Page 133 and 134: dabali _ dabla neli _ nela Cqari _
- Page 135 and 136: Tandebuli qarTulSi 1 135 aram marti
kavSirebiTis formantTa saSualebiT.<br />
scodnia _ scodnoda _ scodnodes.<br />
amis mizezi is unda iyos, rom TurmeobiTi meore enaSi gagebulia rogorc TurmeobiTi<br />
pirvelis namyo uwyveteli, xolo kavSirebiTi mesame _ rogorc misi kavSirebi-<br />
Ti. gardamavali zmnis TurmeobiTi meorisa da kavSirebiTi mesamis warmoebasTan SedarebiT<br />
aseTi warmoeba gviandeli unda iyos: is gulisxmobs mesame seriis mwkrivTa<br />
dasrulebuli sistemis arsebobas Sinaarsobrivi SefardebiT: awmyo, uwyveteli, kav-<br />
SirebiTi. magram gasarkvevia: gvqonda am zmnebSi gardamavali zmnisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli<br />
warmoeba, romelic mere -od warmoebiT Seicvala, Tu amgvar zmnebs Turmeobi-<br />
Tebi saerTod ar ewarmoebodaT da maTi mesame seria saerTod gviandeli warmonaqmnia.<br />
uZveles ZeglebSi orpiriani gardauvali zmnis TurmeobiTi saerTod ar gvxvdeba.<br />
Cndeba SedarebiT gvian.<br />
is garemoeba, rom -od sufiqsi, romelic relatiuri gardauvali zmnis TurmeobiT<br />
meoreSi ixmareba, uZvelesi formantia, `scodnoda~ formebis gviandelad miCnevisaTvis<br />
dabrkoleba ver iqneba. Tumca es sufiqsi Zvelia, magram dResac cocxali formantia,<br />
maSasadame, SesaZlebelia enam igi ixmaros axal nakvTSi, Tu ki Sesaferisi Sinaarsis<br />
aRniSvna gaxdeba saWiro. amis magaliTad SeiZleba gamodges `bneloda~ `cxeloda~<br />
tipis zmnebi, sadac -od formantis darTva aSkarad Semdegdroindeli movlenaa<br />
(awmyoSi: bnela `bnel ars~, cxela `cxel ars~).<br />
SeiZleba davaskvnaT: gardamavali zmnis TurmeobiTi pirveli qarTvelur enebSi<br />
warmoadgens istoriulad statikuri zmnis sasxviso qcevis awmyos.<br />
TurmeobiTi meore Sesatyvisi statikuri vnebiTis zmnebTan igivea, rac am zmnaTa<br />
vnebiTis namyo. aseve kavSirebiTi mesame warmoadgens Sesatyvisi statikuri vnebiTis<br />
kavSirebiTs. im moqmedebiT zmnebze, romelTac statikuri vnebiTi ar moepovebaT, mesame<br />
seriis warmoebisas arsebuli morfologiuri norma gavrcelda.<br />
maSasadame, gardamavali zmnis mesame seria qarTvelur enebSi miRebuli Cans statikuri<br />
vnebiTis awmyosa, namyosa da kavSirebiTisagan mxolod mniSvnelobis evoluciis<br />
Sedegad. ukanasknelma asaxva ver pova formaSi romelime mawarmoeblis saxiT<br />
(Tu ar CavTvliT, erTi mxriv, preverbis darTvas samsave qarTvelur enaSi, rac arsebiTi<br />
ar aris, da, meore mxriv, sxvaobas qcevis aRniSvnaSi svanurSi, rac agreTve fu-<br />
Zes ar exeba).<br />
86