q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a
q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a
ar gvxvdeba. a. S a n i Z i s misazrebis sasargeblod TiTqos xevsuruli orpiriani gardauvali zmnis TurmeobiTi laparakobs. xevsurulSi aseT SemTxvevaSi -a niSnis adgilas gvaqvs -as, romelic aSkarad `ars~ (xevsurulad: as) meSvel zmnas warmoadgens. Tu am -as niSans TurmeobiTisaTvis pirveladad vcnobdiT, maSin iseTi formebi, sadac -as elementi ara gvaqvs, ukanasknelis mokvecis Sedegad unda CagveTvala. xevsurulSi gvxvdeba: dagvdgomiv _ dagvdgomiv-as scodniv xqvivnebiv... Sdr. xyonivas || xyoniv xqonivas gazZRolios || gazZRolivas Caswevivas || misweviv zdgomivas suli miaxloebivas gaxÃdios || gaxÃdivas... magram amis mixedviT zogadi daskvna ver gakeTdeba. xevsurulSi amgvari warmoeba moudis mxolod gardauval orpirian zmnebs. arc gardamavali zmnis TurmeobiT pirvelSi, arc statikur vnebiTSi -as-iT gaTavebuli forma ar gvxvdeba. aseTi warmoeba miRebuli unda iyos I da II pirTa formebis gavleniT `mivswevivar, miswevixar... miswevivas~... rac Seexeba -v-s gaCenas (misweviv), is miRebuli unda iyos an pirveli piris formis analogiiT, sadac -v meSvel zmnaSi pirveli piris niSania (mivwevi-v-ar) an -av Temis niSniT nawarmoebi `gaukeTebav, daukidebav~ tipis zmnaTa analogiiT, sadac -v-s qona TurmeobiTi pirvelisTvis morfologiur normad aris qceuli. -a sufiqsis warmomavloba meSveli zmnisagan rogorc statikur vnebiTSi, ise TurmeobiT pirvelSi mosalodneli iyo qarTvelur da sxva iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa saerTo konteqstis mixedviT 8 , ramdenadac am enebSi gvaqvs statikur zmnasTan meSveli zmnis gamoyenebis faqtebi. magram qarTveluri enebis faqtobrivi viTareba mainc ar gvaZlevs -a-s mimarTac amgvari varaudis uflebas: megrulSi meSveli zmna ixmareba erTpiriani gardauvali zmnis TurmeobiT pirvelSi (aRweriTi warmoeba), magram srulebiT ar ivaraudeba gardamavali zmnis TurmeobiTSi (SeiZleboda aseTad migveCnia - q sufiqsi, magram isic mxolod I da II pirSi). -a, romelic vlindeba statikuri vnebiTis awmyosa da gardamavali zmnis TurmeobiT pirvelSi mxoloobiTi ricxvis mesame pirSi, igive unda iyos, rac -a, romelic vnebiTSi enacvleba mesame piris Zvel niSans: TeTrdebis _ TeTrdeba, dgebis _ dgeba. rom statikuri vnebiTis awmyoSi da moqmedebiTis TurmeobiTSi es -a iseTive meoreuli unda iyos, rogoric am vnebiTSi, iqidan Cans, rom mravlobiT ricxvSi orive Sem- TxvevaSi is niSnebi gamoiyeneba, romlebic -s an -d, -n piris niSnebs Seesabameba da ara -a-s. Ddgebis, dgeba, magram: dgebian uqries, uqria _ gauqrian hgonies, hgonia _ hgonian... amgvarad, TurmeobiTi pirvelisa da statikuri vnebiTis awmyos warmoebis -ie variantis Secvla -ia variantiT iseve unda aixsnas, rogorc `Tbebis~ tipis warmoebis Secvla `Tbeba~ tipiT awmyoSi. rac Seexeba -e sufiqss (upyri-e, daudginebi-e), misi momdinareoba meSveli zmnisagan iseve mosalodnelia qarTvelur-kavkasiur enaTa konteqstSi, rogorc -a-si, magram aseTi varaudis sasargeblod sabuTebi jerjerobiT ar Cans. am mxriv saintereso iq- 8 q. l o m T a T i Z e , q sufiqsi megrulSi: iberiul-kavkasiuri enaTmecniereba, t. I, 1946. 80
neboda imis codna, -a enacvleba CvenTvis saintereso SemTxvevaSi -e-s, Tu erTvis mas da mis Cavardnas iwvevs, e. i. `Seumosia~ formas win uswrebda `Seumosiea~ forma Tu ara? bolodroindel samecniero literaturaSi garkveulia, rom aq -e-s mokvecasTan gvaqvs saqme. 9. gardamavali zmnis TurmeobiTi meore da kavSirebiTi mesame qarTulSi Tavis Sesatyvis prefiqsiani vnebiTis relatiur formas emTxveva. erTi da igive forma konteqstis mixedviT SeiZleba mesame seriis formac iyos da misi Sesatyvisi vnebiTis meore seriis formac. sintaqsuri konstruqcia orive SemTxvevaSi erTi da igivea. meore seria (vnebiTi) mesame seria (gardamavali) damewera me igi damewera me igi dameweros me igi dameweros me igi amgvaradve ewarmoeba TurmeobiTi meore da kavSirebiTi mesame im zmnebsac, romel- Ta Sesatyvisi prefiqsiani vnebiTi enaSi ar moipoveba: momekla me igi gametexa me igi momeklas me igi gametexos me igi TurmeobiTi meorisa da kavSirebiTi mesamis sxva warmoeba gardamaval zmnebTan qarTulma ar icis. statikur zmnas qarTulSi, rogorc cnobilia, meore seriis warmoeba sakuTari fuZisagan ar SeuZlia. statikuri vnebiTi da zogi -av niSniani zmna, romelic mniSvnelobiT statikuri vnebiTis tolia, namyo drois gamosaxatavad Tavisi Sesatyvisi dinamikuri vnebiTis aoristis formas iyenebs, xolo kavSirebiTis gamosaxatavad _ mis kavSirebiT meores. upyries _ epyra, epyras (epyrobis zmnis II seriis formebi) abia _ eba, ebas (ebmebis zmnis II seria) uZlavs _ eZlo, eZlos (eZlebis ` ` ) sZinavs _ eZina, eZinos (eZinebis ` ` ) hnebavn _ eneba, enebos (enebebis ` ` ) -am Temis niSniani statikuri zmnebi qarTulSi mcirea. maT namyo uwyvetlis sufiqsiT vxedavT axal qarTulSi: Casdgams, mosdgams, mosdgamda, mosdgamdes... miuxedavad amisa, ar aris SeuZlebeli es movlena meoreulad miviCnioT iseve, rogorc bevr sxva amgvar SemTxvevaSi, da `dgams~ zmnis namyod `idga~ vivaraudoT istoriulad. maSin -av da -am Temis niSniani zmnebi iseve moeqceoda erT sibrtyeze, rogorc eqceva TurmeobiTi pirvelis warmoebisas. amgvarad, gardamavali zmnis TurmeobiTi meore da kavSirebiTi mesame, erTi mxriv, da statikuri zmnis namyo da kavSirebiTi, meore mxriv, Sesatyvisi dinamikuri vnebi- Tis aoristisa da kavSirebiTis formebs iyenebs. amitom, Tu gvaqvs erTi Ziridan nawarmoebi moqmedebiTi da statikuri vnebiTi, pirvelis meore TurmeobiTi meoris namyos daemTxva, xolo pirvelis mesame kavSirebiTi _ meoris kavSirebiTs. statikuri moqmedebiTi (mesame seria) epyra, epyras daepyra, daepyras eba, ebas daeba, daebas ewera, eweros daewera, daeweros 10. svanurSi gardamavali zmnis TurmeobiTi meore dinamikuri vnebiTis aoristTan siaxloves gviCvenebs. `namyo winarewarsuls namyo srulisagan aoristSi gamoyenebu- 81
- Page 29 and 30: dinamikurs, kerZod, gamoxatavs dina
- Page 31 and 32: gramatikulma subieqtma sabolood dak
- Page 33 and 34: Tavis adgils. es procesi enis ganvi
- Page 35 and 36: ⎡ i⎤ sga / ska da qa zmniswineb
- Page 37 and 38: gamoekueTa kldisagan (DE mT 27, 60)
- Page 39 and 40: ma- zmniswini yovelgvari asimilacii
- Page 41 and 42: amitom is I piris myofobis areSi ig
- Page 43 and 44: war- zmniswinis zemoaRniSnuli mniSv
- Page 45 and 46: mimarTulebas gadmoscems; mag.: a R
- Page 47 and 48: 7. uku-, wiaR-. Zvel qarTulSi iSvia
- Page 49 and 50: Sinaarsobrivi an stiluric aris, ker
- Page 51 and 52: lian xSirad aris warmodgenili erTi
- Page 53 and 54: seburi daboloebiTac, magaliTad: ibm
- Page 55 and 56: tipis vnebiTebSic (gaTbnen, aSendne
- Page 57 and 58: g. orpiriani vnebiTi gvaris zmnebis
- Page 59 and 60: zog SemTxvevaSi gamoCndeba), magram
- Page 61 and 62: saTvis. asea sil. xundaZesTan, ias.
- Page 63 and 64: 1. awmyosagan iwarmoeba (`awmdgomis
- Page 65 and 66: gan gansxvavebiT, TurmeobiTi meore,
- Page 67 and 68: axsna mecnierebis mizans warmoadgen
- Page 69 and 70: TulSi gvaqvs (ubrZanebies, dauteveb
- Page 71 and 72: Zveli qarTulis ZeglebSi ar mogvepov
- Page 73 and 74: struqciis ganviTarebis meqanizmi? T
- Page 75 and 76: velSi SeiZleba warmodgenili iyos pi
- Page 77 and 78: viCnioT. sailustraciod SeiZleba pir
- Page 79: nareobs -en sufiqsisagan, romlic zm
- Page 83 and 84: umTavresad e, ufro iSviaTad o/i rig
- Page 85 and 86: gvaqvs prefiqsiani dinamikuri vnebi
- Page 87 and 88: 87 ivane qavTaraZe dro-kiloTa mesam
- Page 89 and 90: Ruawli keTili mogiRuawebies: xanZT.
- Page 91 and 92: moTxr. 278. ukanaskneli valdebuli i
- Page 93 and 94: aq moeyarnaT Tavi alvanel mwyemsebs
- Page 95 and 96: meore TurmeobiTis zemoT moyvanilma
- Page 97 and 98: sis gavrcelebisaken ufroa midrekile
- Page 99 and 100: yvela am tipis zmnaSi? -n marTlac,
- Page 101 and 102: mimReobis warmoeba qarTulSi 1 101 e
- Page 103 and 104: kÂrn-e _ m-i-kÂr-s, mo-cal-e _ i-
- Page 105 and 106: tyuv-an, m-tkiv-an, m-siv-an, m-civ
- Page 107 and 108: me gvqondes qarTuli enis ganviTareb
- Page 109 and 110: drois gamoxatvis sakiTxi mimReobaTa
- Page 111 and 112: adgan mimReobis formebSi istoriulad
- Page 113 and 114: `zogs oci kaci hyvanda, zogs ocdaaT
- Page 115 and 116: ev: sa-kum-ev-el, aR-r-e(v)-ul, rC-
- Page 117 and 118: niSnavda; subieqti _ moqmedebis Sem
- Page 119 and 120: fiqsi unda gvqonoda (sainteresoa, r
- Page 121 and 122: adamianTa saxelebs ganmeorebis maRa
- Page 123 and 124: dasaxelebuli zedsarTavi saxelebi aw
- Page 125 and 126: maT mravlobiTi ricxvi morfologiurad
- Page 127 and 128: cipia gatarebuli _ yvela brunvaSi w
- Page 129 and 130: verc imas vityviT, rom zemomoyvanil
neboda imis codna, -a enacvleba CvenTvis saintereso SemTxvevaSi -e-s, Tu erTvis mas<br />
da mis Cavardnas iwvevs, e. i. `Seumosia~ formas win uswrebda `Seumosiea~ forma Tu<br />
ara? bolodroindel samecniero literaturaSi garkveulia, rom aq -e-s mokvecasTan<br />
gvaqvs saqme.<br />
9. gardamavali zmnis TurmeobiTi meore da kavSirebiTi mesame qarTulSi Tavis Sesatyvis<br />
prefiqsiani vnebiTis relatiur formas emTxveva. erTi da igive forma konteqstis<br />
mixedviT SeiZleba mesame seriis formac iyos da misi Sesatyvisi vnebiTis meore<br />
seriis formac. sintaqsuri konstruqcia orive SemTxvevaSi erTi da igivea.<br />
meore seria (vnebiTi) mesame seria (gardamavali)<br />
damewera me igi damewera me igi<br />
dameweros me igi dameweros me igi<br />
amgvaradve ewarmoeba TurmeobiTi meore da kavSirebiTi mesame im zmnebsac, romel-<br />
Ta Sesatyvisi prefiqsiani vnebiTi enaSi ar moipoveba:<br />
momekla me igi gametexa me igi<br />
momeklas me igi gametexos me igi<br />
TurmeobiTi meorisa da kavSirebiTi mesamis sxva warmoeba gardamaval zmnebTan<br />
qarTulma ar icis.<br />
statikur zmnas qarTulSi, rogorc cnobilia, meore seriis warmoeba sakuTari<br />
fuZisagan ar SeuZlia. statikuri vnebiTi da zogi -av niSniani zmna, romelic mniSvnelobiT<br />
statikuri vnebiTis tolia, namyo drois gamosaxatavad Tavisi Sesatyvisi dinamikuri<br />
vnebiTis aoristis formas iyenebs, xolo kavSirebiTis gamosaxatavad _ mis<br />
kavSirebiT meores.<br />
upyries _ epyra, epyras (epyrobis zmnis II seriis formebi)<br />
abia _ eba, ebas (ebmebis zmnis II seria)<br />
uZlavs _ eZlo, eZlos (eZlebis ` ` )<br />
sZinavs _ eZina, eZinos (eZinebis ` ` )<br />
hnebavn _ eneba, enebos (enebebis ` ` )<br />
-am Temis niSniani statikuri zmnebi qarTulSi mcirea. maT namyo uwyvetlis sufiqsiT<br />
vxedavT axal qarTulSi:<br />
Casdgams, mosdgams, mosdgamda, mosdgamdes...<br />
miuxedavad amisa, ar aris SeuZlebeli es movlena meoreulad miviCnioT iseve, rogorc<br />
bevr sxva amgvar SemTxvevaSi, da `dgams~ zmnis namyod `idga~ vivaraudoT istoriulad.<br />
maSin -av da -am Temis niSniani zmnebi iseve moeqceoda erT sibrtyeze, rogorc<br />
eqceva TurmeobiTi pirvelis warmoebisas.<br />
amgvarad, gardamavali zmnis TurmeobiTi meore da kavSirebiTi mesame, erTi mxriv,<br />
da statikuri zmnis namyo da kavSirebiTi, meore mxriv, Sesatyvisi dinamikuri vnebi-<br />
Tis aoristisa da kavSirebiTis formebs iyenebs. amitom, Tu gvaqvs erTi Ziridan nawarmoebi<br />
moqmedebiTi da statikuri vnebiTi, pirvelis meore TurmeobiTi meoris namyos<br />
daemTxva, xolo pirvelis mesame kavSirebiTi _ meoris kavSirebiTs.<br />
statikuri moqmedebiTi (mesame seria)<br />
epyra, epyras daepyra, daepyras<br />
eba, ebas daeba, daebas<br />
ewera, eweros daewera, daeweros<br />
10. svanurSi gardamavali zmnis TurmeobiTi meore dinamikuri vnebiTis aoristTan<br />
siaxloves gviCvenebs. `namyo winarewarsuls namyo srulisagan aoristSi gamoyenebu-<br />
81
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