q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a
q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a
mesame seriis dro-kiloTa warmoebisaTvis qarTulSi 1 72 nodar naTaZe dro-kiloTa mesame seria damaxasiaTebelia samive qarTveluri enisaTvis. pirveli da meore seriisagan gansxvavebiT mesame seriis nakvTTa calke seriad gamoyofis safuZvels warmoadgens ara amosaval fuZeTa erToba, aramed warmoebis erTgvaroba (inversia gardamaval zmnebTan da aRweriTi warmoeba gardauvalebTan) da Sinaarsobrivi msgavseba. pirveli da meore seriisagan mesame serias isic asxvavebs, rom masSi Semaval nakvTebs ara aqvT warmoebis msgavsi yalibi sxvadasxva tipis zmnebisaTvis. er- TmaneTs upirispirdeba, erTi mxriv, gardamavali zmnebi, romelTac nawilobriv orpiriani gardauvalebic mihyveba, da, meore mxriv, erTpiriani gardauvali zmnebi. amdenad mesame seriis nakvTebis warmoeba sxvadasxva tipis zmnebTan sxvadasxva odenobas warmoadgens rogorc enis ganviTarebis Tanamedrove etapze, ise istoriulad. rac Seexeba Sinaarsobriv mxares, am mxriv yvela zmnaTa mesame seriis nakvTebi srul igiveobas gviCveneben rogorc axalsa da Zvel qarTulSi, ise megrulsa da svanurSi. gardamavali zmnis datiuri konstruqcia, romelic damaxasiaTebelia qarTveluri enebisaTvis, mxolod mesame serias axasiaTebs. amdenad gardamavli zmnis datiuri konstruqciis sakiTxi qarTveluri enebisaTvis mesame seriis nakvTTa genezisis sakiTxia. datiuri konstruqcia gardamavali zmnisa specialur literaturaSi meoreulad aris miCneuli ergatiul da nominatiur konstruqciebTan SedarebiT. arn. Ciqobava wers: `inversiuli wyoba, sadac amosavlad gardamavali zmna gvaqvs, meoreulia: uklavs←← → →klavs, ekla←← → →ukla || kla, eklas←← → →uklas || klas. aqedan cxadia, rom TurmeobiTis nakvTebi SeiZleboda warmoqmniliyo mxolod mas Semdeg, rac Seiqmna is nakvTebi, romelTa inversiis gziTaa miRebuli TurmeobiTi pirveli, TurmeobiTi meore da kavSirebiTi mesame. es ki niSnavs: gardamaval zmnebTan datiuri konstruqcia ufro axalia, vinem nominatiuri da ergatiuli konstruqciebi~ 2 . rac Seexeba datiur konstruqcias gardauval zmnebTan, aq is uZvelesad aris miCneuli. is aramcTu ar gulisxmobs nominatiuri konstuqciis nakvTTa arsebobas, romelTa inversiis gziTac is iqneboda miRebuli, aramed SeiZleba nominatiursa da ergatiul konstruqciaze Zvelic iyos. arn. Ciqobavas azriT, `es zmnebi (igulisxmeba gardauvali inversiuli zmnebi: aqvs, hyavs, uyvars, sZuls, swads, swyuris. _n. n.) didi siZvelisaa; maTTan datiuri konstruqcia gacilebiT ufro Zvelia, vinem datiuri konstruqcia gardamaval zmnebTan, ufro Zvelia, vinem nominatiuri da ergatiuli konstruqcia imave gardamavali zmnebisa. gardauval zmnaTa datiuri konstruqciis sibrtyeze SeiZleba dadges uflies, upyries, hmosies... zmnaTa datiuri konstruqciac: aq saqme gvaqvs statikuri zmnebis saobieqto qcevasTan, raic inversiul wyobas iZleva~ 3 . amgvarad, erTsa da imave dros datiur konstruqcias qarTulSi gviCveneben, erTi mxriv, gardauvali zmnebi (garkveuli tipisa) da, meore mxriv, gardamavali zmnebi mesame seriaSi, sadac datiuri konstruqcia nominatiuri konstruqciis mqone nakvTTa inversiis gziTaa miRebuli. amasTan, meore SemTxvevaSi datiuri konstruqcia gacilebiT ufro axalia, vidre pirvelSi. am konteqstSi bunebrivia daisvas sakiTxi datiuri konstruqciis am ori SemTxvevis urTierTmimarTebis Sesaxeb: ra kavSirSia gardamavali zmnis datiuri konstruqcia gardauvali zmnis datiur konstruqciasTan? ukavSirdeba geneturad pirveli meores Tu saqme gvaqvs datiuri konstruqciis damoukideblad warmoSobis or SemTxvevasTan? Tu ukavSirdeba, maSin rogor unda warmovidginoT gardauvali zmnis inversiuli formebidan gardamavali zmnis datiuri kon- 1 iberiul-kavkasiuri enaTmecniereba, VII, 1955. 2 arn. C i q o b a v a , ergatiuli konstruqciis problema iberiul-kavkasiur enebSi, gv. 5. 3 iqve.
struqciis ganviTarebis meqanizmi? Tu ara, maSin rogor unda avxsnaT inversiis warmoSoba gardamavali zmnis formebSi? ai sakiTxebi, romelnic gadawyvetas moiTxoven mesame seriis nakvTTa warmoebis Seswavlisas. 1. gardamavali zmnis TurmeobiTi pirvelis srul analogias warmoebis mxriv, rogorc aRniSnulia, gviCvenebs gardauvali statikuri zmnis awmyo. es iTqmis rogorc statikuri vnebiTis Sesaxeb, ise zogi sxva -av, -am Temis niSniani zmnis Sesaxebac, romlebic mniSvnelobiT statikur vnebiTs udgeba. msgavseba TurmeobiT pirvelsa da xsenebuli statikuri zmnebis awmyos Soris imaSi iCens Tavs, rom gardamavali zmnis TurmeobiTi pirvelis warmoebaSi ar gvxvdeba arc erTi iseTi yalibi, romelic ar gvqondes statikuri zmnis awmyoSi. a) gardamavali zmnis TurmeobiTi pirvelis damaxasiaTebeli Zvel qarTulSi aris -i-e daboloeba, romelsac III pirSi piris niSani -s, -n an -d da mravlobiTi ricxvis niSani -an an -ed erTvis (mravlobiTis niSnis darTvisas TurmeobiTis damaxasiaTebeli -e aRar Cans): u m z a d e b i e s mas igi (kim. 1,134) d a u t e o b i a n mas igini (antioq. 93). egeve warmoebaa warmodgenili statikuri zmnis (statikuri vnebiTis) awymoSi: ze a R u p y r i e d (warty. iÀ) m i f l o b i e s (iqve, md) `rameTu xedviTca ara miflobies xilvaÁ misi.~ miflobies aq awmyoa. uflies (iqve, me) mgonies (saxismety., gv. 8) hgonien (iqve, gv. 10) umtkmied (iqve, gv. 28)... axal qarTulSi amgvari warmoeba ara gvaqvs. -ie(s) daboloebis adgili daiWira -i-a daboloebam mesame pirSi da -v-var -i-xar daboloebam _ pirvelsa da meore pirSi. es cvlileba Tanabrad Seexo rogorc gardamavali zmnis TurmeobiT pirvels, ise statikuri vnebiTis awmyos. maSasadame, moyvanili tipis warmoebaSi arc Zvelsa da arc axal qarTulSi TurmeobiT pirvelsa da statikuri vnebiTis awmyos Soris gansxvaveba ar aris. stat. vnebiTis awmyo TurmeobiTi pirveli ubnevia gaubnevia ugdia daugdia unTia aunTia uwyvia dauwyvia b) -av, -am Temis niSniani gardamavali zmnebisaTvis TurmeobiTi pirvelis warmoebis gabatonebuli yalibi Zvelsa da axal qarTulSi aris uniSnoba. fuZe TurmeobiT pirvelSi, Tu ar CavTvliT prefiqsebs, warmodgenilia imave saxiT, rogoriTac awymo- Si. awymo TurmeobiTi Zvel qarT. v-klav me mas mo(v)uklav me mas h-klav Sen mas mouklav Sen mas klav-s igi mas mouklav-s igi mas axal qarTulSi TurmeobiTis I da II piris formebs daerTo meSveli zmna: movuklavar me mas, mouklavxar Sen mas. amgvari warmoeba mxolod -av, -am Temis niSnian 73
- Page 21 and 22: fologiurad gagebuli da dafasebulia
- Page 23 and 24: Tqmulis Semdeg advili gadasawyvetia
- Page 25 and 26: vTqvaT, rom `moaqvs~ da `mohyavs~ i
- Page 27 and 28: gardauvalma zmnebma ki sazogadod in
- Page 29 and 30: dinamikurs, kerZod, gamoxatavs dina
- Page 31 and 32: gramatikulma subieqtma sabolood dak
- Page 33 and 34: Tavis adgils. es procesi enis ganvi
- Page 35 and 36: ⎡ i⎤ sga / ska da qa zmniswineb
- Page 37 and 38: gamoekueTa kldisagan (DE mT 27, 60)
- Page 39 and 40: ma- zmniswini yovelgvari asimilacii
- Page 41 and 42: amitom is I piris myofobis areSi ig
- Page 43 and 44: war- zmniswinis zemoaRniSnuli mniSv
- Page 45 and 46: mimarTulebas gadmoscems; mag.: a R
- Page 47 and 48: 7. uku-, wiaR-. Zvel qarTulSi iSvia
- Page 49 and 50: Sinaarsobrivi an stiluric aris, ker
- Page 51 and 52: lian xSirad aris warmodgenili erTi
- Page 53 and 54: seburi daboloebiTac, magaliTad: ibm
- Page 55 and 56: tipis vnebiTebSic (gaTbnen, aSendne
- Page 57 and 58: g. orpiriani vnebiTi gvaris zmnebis
- Page 59 and 60: zog SemTxvevaSi gamoCndeba), magram
- Page 61 and 62: saTvis. asea sil. xundaZesTan, ias.
- Page 63 and 64: 1. awmyosagan iwarmoeba (`awmdgomis
- Page 65 and 66: gan gansxvavebiT, TurmeobiTi meore,
- Page 67 and 68: axsna mecnierebis mizans warmoadgen
- Page 69 and 70: TulSi gvaqvs (ubrZanebies, dauteveb
- Page 71: Zveli qarTulis ZeglebSi ar mogvepov
- Page 75 and 76: velSi SeiZleba warmodgenili iyos pi
- Page 77 and 78: viCnioT. sailustraciod SeiZleba pir
- Page 79 and 80: nareobs -en sufiqsisagan, romlic zm
- Page 81 and 82: neboda imis codna, -a enacvleba Cve
- Page 83 and 84: umTavresad e, ufro iSviaTad o/i rig
- Page 85 and 86: gvaqvs prefiqsiani dinamikuri vnebi
- Page 87 and 88: 87 ivane qavTaraZe dro-kiloTa mesam
- Page 89 and 90: Ruawli keTili mogiRuawebies: xanZT.
- Page 91 and 92: moTxr. 278. ukanaskneli valdebuli i
- Page 93 and 94: aq moeyarnaT Tavi alvanel mwyemsebs
- Page 95 and 96: meore TurmeobiTis zemoT moyvanilma
- Page 97 and 98: sis gavrcelebisaken ufroa midrekile
- Page 99 and 100: yvela am tipis zmnaSi? -n marTlac,
- Page 101 and 102: mimReobis warmoeba qarTulSi 1 101 e
- Page 103 and 104: kÂrn-e _ m-i-kÂr-s, mo-cal-e _ i-
- Page 105 and 106: tyuv-an, m-tkiv-an, m-siv-an, m-civ
- Page 107 and 108: me gvqondes qarTuli enis ganviTareb
- Page 109 and 110: drois gamoxatvis sakiTxi mimReobaTa
- Page 111 and 112: adgan mimReobis formebSi istoriulad
- Page 113 and 114: `zogs oci kaci hyvanda, zogs ocdaaT
- Page 115 and 116: ev: sa-kum-ev-el, aR-r-e(v)-ul, rC-
- Page 117 and 118: niSnavda; subieqti _ moqmedebis Sem
- Page 119 and 120: fiqsi unda gvqonoda (sainteresoa, r
- Page 121 and 122: adamianTa saxelebs ganmeorebis maRa
struqciis ganviTarebis meqanizmi? Tu ara, maSin rogor unda avxsnaT inversiis warmoSoba<br />
gardamavali zmnis formebSi? ai sakiTxebi, romelnic gadawyvetas moiTxoven<br />
mesame seriis nakvTTa warmoebis Seswavlisas.<br />
1. gardamavali zmnis TurmeobiTi pirvelis srul analogias warmoebis mxriv, rogorc<br />
aRniSnulia, gviCvenebs gardauvali statikuri zmnis awmyo. es iTqmis rogorc<br />
statikuri vnebiTis Sesaxeb, ise zogi sxva -av, -am Temis niSniani zmnis Sesaxebac,<br />
romlebic mniSvnelobiT statikur vnebiTs udgeba. msgavseba TurmeobiT pirvelsa da<br />
xsenebuli statikuri zmnebis awmyos Soris imaSi iCens Tavs, rom gardamavali zmnis<br />
TurmeobiTi pirvelis warmoebaSi ar gvxvdeba arc erTi iseTi yalibi, romelic ar<br />
gvqondes statikuri zmnis awmyoSi.<br />
a) gardamavali zmnis TurmeobiTi pirvelis damaxasiaTebeli Zvel qarTulSi aris<br />
-i-e daboloeba, romelsac III pirSi piris niSani -s, -n an -d da mravlobiTi ricxvis<br />
niSani -an an -ed erTvis (mravlobiTis niSnis darTvisas TurmeobiTis damaxasiaTebeli<br />
-e aRar Cans):<br />
u m z a d e b i e s mas igi (kim. 1,134)<br />
d a u t e o b i a n mas igini (antioq. 93).<br />
egeve warmoebaa warmodgenili statikuri zmnis (statikuri vnebiTis) awymoSi:<br />
ze a R u p y r i e d (warty. iÀ)<br />
m i f l o b i e s (iqve, md)<br />
`rameTu xedviTca ara miflobies xilvaÁ misi.~ miflobies aq awmyoa.<br />
uflies (iqve, me)<br />
mgonies (saxismety., gv. 8)<br />
hgonien (iqve, gv. 10)<br />
umtkmied (iqve, gv. 28)...<br />
axal qarTulSi amgvari warmoeba ara gvaqvs. -ie(s) daboloebis adgili daiWira -i-a<br />
daboloebam mesame pirSi da -v-var -i-xar daboloebam _ pirvelsa da meore pirSi. es<br />
cvlileba Tanabrad Seexo rogorc gardamavali zmnis TurmeobiT pirvels, ise statikuri<br />
vnebiTis awmyos. maSasadame, moyvanili tipis warmoebaSi arc Zvelsa da arc<br />
axal qarTulSi TurmeobiT pirvelsa da statikuri vnebiTis awmyos Soris gansxvaveba<br />
ar aris.<br />
stat. vnebiTis awmyo TurmeobiTi pirveli<br />
ubnevia gaubnevia<br />
ugdia daugdia<br />
unTia aunTia<br />
uwyvia dauwyvia<br />
b) -av, -am Temis niSniani gardamavali zmnebisaTvis TurmeobiTi pirvelis warmoebis<br />
gabatonebuli yalibi Zvelsa da axal qarTulSi aris uniSnoba. fuZe TurmeobiT<br />
pirvelSi, Tu ar CavTvliT prefiqsebs, warmodgenilia imave saxiT, rogoriTac awymo-<br />
Si.<br />
awymo TurmeobiTi Zvel qarT.<br />
v-klav me mas mo(v)uklav me mas<br />
h-klav Sen mas mouklav Sen mas<br />
klav-s igi mas mouklav-s igi mas<br />
axal qarTulSi TurmeobiTis I da II piris formebs daerTo meSveli zmna: movuklavar<br />
me mas, mouklavxar Sen mas. amgvari warmoeba mxolod -av, -am Temis niSnian<br />
73
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