q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a
q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a
ixmareba, namyo ZiriTadi (viyav, iyav, iyo) _ TurmeobiTi meorisaTvis, kavSirebiTi meore (viyo, iyo, iyos) _ kavSirebiTi mesamisaTvis. amrigad, erTpiriani gardauvali zmnebi meSvel zmnas imave nakvTebSi iyenebs, rac gardamavali zmnebis sawarmoebel fuZes warmoadgens. aq erTi garemoebac iqcevs yuradRebas: namyos mimReoba, romelic gardauval zmna- Ta uRvlilebisas aris gamoyenebuli, nawarmoebia _ xSir SemTxvevaSi _ gardamavali zmnis fuZisagan. aris dis keTdeba iwereba rCeba yofil-a den-il-a keTebula [da]werila [da]rCenila yofiliyo deniliyo keTebuliyo [da]weriliyo [da]rCeniliyo yofiliyos deniliyos keTebuliyos [da]weriliyos [da]rCeniliyos mimReobaTa aseTi warmoeba garkveul Cvenebas iZleva aseTi mimReobis warmoqmnis qronologiisaTvis _ ris Semdeg SeiZleboda es mimReoba yofiliyo warmoebuli, risgan da rogor iwarmoeba orpirian gardauval zmnaTa TurmeobiTis nakvTebi? aq orgvari warmoeba gvaqvs: organuli da aRweriTi. aRweriTi iSveliebs i y o da i y o s, namyo ZiriTadsa da kavSirebiTs meores (hqonia, hqoniyo, hqoniyos). organuli warmoeba namyo usrulis sufiqss xmarobs TurmeobiTi meoresaTvis da kavSirebiTi pirvelisas _ kavSirebiTi mesamisaTvis (hqonia, h q o n o d a , h q o n o d e s ) . rogorc organuli, ise aRweriTi warmoeba TurmeobiTs pirvelzea dafuZnebuli: gasarkvevia, ras warmoadgens TurmeobiTi pirvelis fuZe. Tu es ZiriTadi nakvTia, TurmeobiTis jgufi _ orpirian gardauval zmnebSi _ damoukidebel jgufad unda miviCnioT (warmoebis TvalsazrisiT). Tu TurmeobiTi pirvelis fuZe nawarmoebia, maSin TurmeobiTis jgufi mTlianad saTanado amosaval fuZes daukavSirdeba, rogorc meore rigis nawarmoebi nakvTi. TurmeobiTi pirveli orpirian gardauval zmnaSi imeorebs, erTis SexedviT, saTanado awmyos fuZes: etyoba dastyobia eyrdnoba dahyrdnobia espoba mospobia ewyeba daswyebia evseba avsebia eCveva SesCvevia ewveva swvevia ecema scemia edgmis dasdgmia ewvis daswvia magram amgvari magaliTebis mixedviT ver vityviT: orpirian g a r d a u v a l zmnaTa TurmeobiTi a m a v e zmnaTa awmyosagan iwarmoebao; bevria iseTi zmna, romelTa TurmeobiTis fuZe ar emyareba maTsave awmyos fuZes, sxvaoba TvalSi sacemia: imedi uqreba _ gahqrobia xeli uTbeba _ xeli gasTbobia pirSi udneba _ gasdnobia tyavi sZvreba _ gasZrobia... am SemTxvevaSi g a r d a m a v a l i zmnis fuZe Cans amosavali: aqrobs, aTbobs, adnobs, aZrobs... am zmnebs axal qarTulSi TurmeobiTi pirveli namyo ZiriTadisagan ewarmoeba (da ara awmyosagan): aqrobs _ uqvria, aTbobs _ uTbia, adnobs _ udvnia, aZrobs _ uZvria... namyo ZiriTadis fuZidan TurmeobiTi pirvelis warmoeba qronologiurad Zvelia, awmyos fuZidan warmoeba _ SedarebiT axali, Tumca es ufro axali tipi Zvel qar- 68
TulSi gvaqvs (ubrZanebies, dautevebies, aRuSfoTebies-is msgavsad: miuRebies = miuRia, Seundobies = Seundvia, Seucvalebies = Seucvlia, ucnobies = ucvnia, udebies = udvia, dauZinebies = dauZinia, miucemies = miucia, miugebies = miugia, uSobies = uSvia, uyofies = uyvia...): TurmeobiTi I-is warmoebis xsenebuli ori tipidan ufro Zveli is tipi unda iyos, sadac amosavalia namyo ZiriTadis (aoristis) fuZe 19 . amrigad: gardamavali zmna aTbobs-tipisa TurmeobiTs pirvels iwarmoebs namyo ZiriTadis fuZisagan (aTbo _ uTbia), saTanado orpiriani gardauvali zmna ki awmyos fuZisagan, isev gardamavali zmnisa: aTbob-s: ga-s-Tbobia... awmyos fuZis gamoyeneba aq iseve mowmobs warmoebis siaxles, rogorc gardamaval zmnebTan. sakiTxavia: aris ki SesaZlebeli gardauvali zmnis nakvTi daemyaros gardamavali zmnis fuZes? SesaZlebelia iseve, rogorc SesaZlebelia `vnebiTi gvaris~ mimReoba iwarmoos moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnis fuZisagan: yof-s: yof-i-l-i, na-yof-i; Sob-s: na-Sob-i, Sobil-i; aSeneb-s: na-Sen-ebi, aSeneb-ul-i, a-sa-Seneb-el-i... nayof-, yofil-s igive fuZe aqvs, rac myof-s, myof-el-s (Seuracxmyofeli)... Sdr. aseve: naSob-i, Sob-il-i da mSob-el-i... naSenebi, aSenebuli da m-Seneb-el-i... cnobilia, rom gvarebis garCeva aq meoreulia (gardamavalisa da gardauvalis garCeva Zvelia)... gardauvalis warmoebisas gardamavalis fuZea aRebuli sawarmoeblad _ es SesaZlebloba garkveul kanonzomierebis saxes iRebs: mimReobaTa warmoebisas, masdaris warmoebisas (e. i. nazmnari atributivebisa da nazmnari substantiveb i s warmoebisas): aris _ yofa-a // yof-n-a... m-yof-i _ nayof-i... es kanonzomiereba saSualebas gvaZlevs defeqtur warmoebaTa Tavisebureba aixsnas. zemoTqmulis safuZvelze bunebrivia iseTi warmoeba, romlis nimuSicaa: aseve: sinaTle uqreba _ gahqrobia (sayrdenia: aqrob-fuZe) xeli uTbeba _ gasTbobia ( ` aTbob- ` ) pirSi udneba _ gasdnobia ( ` adnob- ` ) hbardeba _ Cahbarebia dRe uTendeba _ gasTenebia sakvebi akldeba _ dahklebia guli uRondeba _ SehRonebia naRrZobi usivdeba _ gasivebia tkivili uyuCdeba _ gahyuCebia vada uTavdeba _ gasTavebia umcirdeba _ Semcirebia kani sZvreba _ gasZrobia... erTi SexedviT, iseTi STabeWdileba rCeba, TiTqos TurmeobiTisaTvis amosavali iyos masdari: Cabareba, gaTeneba, dakleba, daRoneba, gasiveba, gayuCeba, gaTaveba, Semcireba... garegnulad, yovel SemTxvevaSi, masdars mogvagonebs sawarmoebeli fuZe... magram masdari TviTon awmyos fuZes emyareba, awmyos fuZisagan iwarmoeba garkveuli sufiqsebiT (-a...); da swored es sufiqsi aq ara gvaqvs, _ i-sufiqsi (Cahbareb-i-, gasTeneb-i-, dahkleb-i-...) erTvis awmyos fuZes (da ara: awmyosagan nawarmoeb masdars). da es awmyo gardamavali zmnis awmyoa (met wil SemTxvevaSi). rom gardamavali zmnis awmyos fuZesTan aqvs kavSiri orpirian gardauvali zmnis TurmeobiTs, es mkveTrad igrZnoba xmovanmonacvle zmnebSi, -i sufiqsian zmnebSi da av- sufiqsian zmnebSi. 19 a r n . C i q o b a v a , TurmeobiTi pirvelis warmoebis erTi Tavisebureba uRvlilebis sistemis istoriasTan dakavSirebiT qarTulSi, literaturuli Ziebani, II, (1944). 69
- Page 17 and 18: luri mxare, aramed am zmnebis mniSv
- Page 19 and 20: da, yvarebia, eyvareba; uyvardes, y
- Page 21 and 22: fologiurad gagebuli da dafasebulia
- Page 23 and 24: Tqmulis Semdeg advili gadasawyvetia
- Page 25 and 26: vTqvaT, rom `moaqvs~ da `mohyavs~ i
- Page 27 and 28: gardauvalma zmnebma ki sazogadod in
- Page 29 and 30: dinamikurs, kerZod, gamoxatavs dina
- Page 31 and 32: gramatikulma subieqtma sabolood dak
- Page 33 and 34: Tavis adgils. es procesi enis ganvi
- Page 35 and 36: ⎡ i⎤ sga / ska da qa zmniswineb
- Page 37 and 38: gamoekueTa kldisagan (DE mT 27, 60)
- Page 39 and 40: ma- zmniswini yovelgvari asimilacii
- Page 41 and 42: amitom is I piris myofobis areSi ig
- Page 43 and 44: war- zmniswinis zemoaRniSnuli mniSv
- Page 45 and 46: mimarTulebas gadmoscems; mag.: a R
- Page 47 and 48: 7. uku-, wiaR-. Zvel qarTulSi iSvia
- Page 49 and 50: Sinaarsobrivi an stiluric aris, ker
- Page 51 and 52: lian xSirad aris warmodgenili erTi
- Page 53 and 54: seburi daboloebiTac, magaliTad: ibm
- Page 55 and 56: tipis vnebiTebSic (gaTbnen, aSendne
- Page 57 and 58: g. orpiriani vnebiTi gvaris zmnebis
- Page 59 and 60: zog SemTxvevaSi gamoCndeba), magram
- Page 61 and 62: saTvis. asea sil. xundaZesTan, ias.
- Page 63 and 64: 1. awmyosagan iwarmoeba (`awmdgomis
- Page 65 and 66: gan gansxvavebiT, TurmeobiTi meore,
- Page 67: axsna mecnierebis mizans warmoadgen
- Page 71 and 72: Zveli qarTulis ZeglebSi ar mogvepov
- Page 73 and 74: struqciis ganviTarebis meqanizmi? T
- Page 75 and 76: velSi SeiZleba warmodgenili iyos pi
- Page 77 and 78: viCnioT. sailustraciod SeiZleba pir
- Page 79 and 80: nareobs -en sufiqsisagan, romlic zm
- Page 81 and 82: neboda imis codna, -a enacvleba Cve
- Page 83 and 84: umTavresad e, ufro iSviaTad o/i rig
- Page 85 and 86: gvaqvs prefiqsiani dinamikuri vnebi
- Page 87 and 88: 87 ivane qavTaraZe dro-kiloTa mesam
- Page 89 and 90: Ruawli keTili mogiRuawebies: xanZT.
- Page 91 and 92: moTxr. 278. ukanaskneli valdebuli i
- Page 93 and 94: aq moeyarnaT Tavi alvanel mwyemsebs
- Page 95 and 96: meore TurmeobiTis zemoT moyvanilma
- Page 97 and 98: sis gavrcelebisaken ufroa midrekile
- Page 99 and 100: yvela am tipis zmnaSi? -n marTlac,
- Page 101 and 102: mimReobis warmoeba qarTulSi 1 101 e
- Page 103 and 104: kÂrn-e _ m-i-kÂr-s, mo-cal-e _ i-
- Page 105 and 106: tyuv-an, m-tkiv-an, m-siv-an, m-civ
- Page 107 and 108: me gvqondes qarTuli enis ganviTareb
- Page 109 and 110: drois gamoxatvis sakiTxi mimReobaTa
- Page 111 and 112: adgan mimReobis formebSi istoriulad
- Page 113 and 114: `zogs oci kaci hyvanda, zogs ocdaaT
- Page 115 and 116: ev: sa-kum-ev-el, aR-r-e(v)-ul, rC-
- Page 117 and 118: niSnavda; subieqti _ moqmedebis Sem
ixmareba, namyo ZiriTadi (viyav, iyav, iyo) _ TurmeobiTi meorisaTvis, kavSirebiTi meore<br />
(viyo, iyo, iyos) _ kavSirebiTi mesamisaTvis.<br />
amrigad, erTpiriani gardauvali zmnebi meSvel zmnas imave nakvTebSi iyenebs, rac<br />
gardamavali zmnebis sawarmoebel fuZes warmoadgens.<br />
aq erTi garemoebac iqcevs yuradRebas: namyos mimReoba, romelic gardauval zmna-<br />
Ta uRvlilebisas aris gamoyenebuli, nawarmoebia _ xSir SemTxvevaSi _ gardamavali<br />
zmnis fuZisagan.<br />
aris dis keTdeba iwereba rCeba<br />
yofil-a den-il-a keTebula [da]werila [da]rCenila<br />
yofiliyo deniliyo keTebuliyo [da]weriliyo [da]rCeniliyo<br />
yofiliyos deniliyos keTebuliyos [da]weriliyos [da]rCeniliyos<br />
mimReobaTa aseTi warmoeba garkveul Cvenebas iZleva aseTi mimReobis warmoqmnis<br />
qronologiisaTvis _ ris Semdeg SeiZleboda es mimReoba yofiliyo warmoebuli, risgan<br />
da rogor iwarmoeba orpirian gardauval zmnaTa TurmeobiTis nakvTebi? aq orgvari<br />
warmoeba gvaqvs: organuli da aRweriTi. aRweriTi iSveliebs i y o da i y o s,<br />
namyo ZiriTadsa da kavSirebiTs meores (hqonia, hqoniyo, hqoniyos). organuli warmoeba<br />
namyo usrulis sufiqss xmarobs TurmeobiTi meoresaTvis da kavSirebiTi pirvelisas<br />
_ kavSirebiTi mesamisaTvis (hqonia, h q o n o d a , h q o n o d e s ) . rogorc organuli,<br />
ise aRweriTi warmoeba TurmeobiTs pirvelzea dafuZnebuli: gasarkvevia, ras warmoadgens<br />
TurmeobiTi pirvelis fuZe. Tu es ZiriTadi nakvTia, TurmeobiTis jgufi _<br />
orpirian gardauval zmnebSi _ damoukidebel jgufad unda miviCnioT (warmoebis<br />
TvalsazrisiT). Tu TurmeobiTi pirvelis fuZe nawarmoebia, maSin TurmeobiTis jgufi<br />
mTlianad saTanado amosaval fuZes daukavSirdeba, rogorc meore rigis nawarmoebi<br />
nakvTi.<br />
TurmeobiTi pirveli orpirian gardauval zmnaSi imeorebs, erTis SexedviT, saTanado<br />
awmyos fuZes:<br />
etyoba dastyobia<br />
eyrdnoba dahyrdnobia<br />
espoba mospobia<br />
ewyeba daswyebia<br />
evseba avsebia<br />
eCveva SesCvevia<br />
ewveva swvevia<br />
ecema scemia<br />
edgmis dasdgmia<br />
ewvis daswvia<br />
magram amgvari magaliTebis mixedviT ver vityviT: orpirian g a r d a u v a l zmnaTa<br />
TurmeobiTi a m a v e zmnaTa awmyosagan iwarmoebao; bevria iseTi zmna, romelTa TurmeobiTis<br />
fuZe ar emyareba maTsave awmyos fuZes, sxvaoba TvalSi sacemia:<br />
imedi uqreba _ gahqrobia<br />
xeli uTbeba _ xeli gasTbobia<br />
pirSi udneba _ gasdnobia<br />
tyavi sZvreba _ gasZrobia...<br />
am SemTxvevaSi g a r d a m a v a l i zmnis fuZe Cans amosavali: aqrobs, aTbobs, adnobs,<br />
aZrobs... am zmnebs axal qarTulSi TurmeobiTi pirveli namyo ZiriTadisagan<br />
ewarmoeba (da ara awmyosagan): aqrobs _ uqvria, aTbobs _ uTbia, adnobs _ udvnia, aZrobs<br />
_ uZvria...<br />
namyo ZiriTadis fuZidan TurmeobiTi pirvelis warmoeba qronologiurad Zvelia,<br />
awmyos fuZidan warmoeba _ SedarebiT axali, Tumca es ufro axali tipi Zvel qar-<br />
68
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