q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a

qarTuli zmnis nakvTeulTa dajgufebis principisaTvis 1
60
arnold Ciqobava
moxsenebis sagania TurmeobiTis jgufis sakiTxi qarTulSi. am jgufis gamoyofa
dro-kiloTa sistemaSi n. marma danerga. 1908 w. gamosul cnobil SromaSi: `ZiriTadi
tabulebi Zveli qarTuli enis gramatikisa~, n. mari ganasxvavebs subieqtursa da obieqtur
wyobas (absoluturi da mimarTebiTi formebiT), gamoyofs sam uRvlilebas (vaqe...
v k a l ... v k r i b e ...), moqmedebiTsa da vnebiTs gvars, moqmedebiTSi _ xuT klassa
da vnebiTSi _ oTx klass (saTanado jiSebiTa anu qcevebiT). zmna nauRvlebia cxra
droSi, romelTac avtori sam jgufSi aerTianebs, pirvelSi Sedis awmyo (vaqeb), namyo
usruli I (vaqebdi) da II (natvriTi _ v a q e b d e ) . meore jgufSi Setanilia: aoristi
(vaqe) da kavSirebiTi (сослагат. vaqo). mesame jgufs qmnis: namyo sruli (wignuri m i -
qies da xalxuri [вульгар.] m i q i a ) , winarewarsuli (meqo), namyo kavSirebiTi (прош.
сослагат. meqos).
raime ganmarteba am dajgufebas ar axlavs, magram isedac cxadia, rom pirveli
ori jgufi gamoyofilia imis mixedviT, Tu ra gvaqvs amosavlad _ awmyo Tu aoristi,
dajgufebis safuZvelia sawarmoebel fuZeTa sxvaoba. v a q e b da misgan nawarmoebi
vaqebdi║ vaqebde, erTis mxriT, vaqe da vaqo, meore mxriT, imave wesiT aqvs n.
mars gaerTianebuli, rogorc, vTqvaT, laTinuri laudo (vaqeb), laudabam (vaqebdi), laudabo
(Sevaqeb) da laudavi (Sevaqe), laudaveram (ukve Sevaqe), laudavero (myof. II). aqac ori jgufi
gvaqvs (awmyosi da namyosi) da n. maris sqemaSic, oRond erTi garemoeba iqcevs yuradRebas:
laTinurSi Tavmoyrilia mxolod TxrobiTi kilos droebi, mariseul sqemaSi
natvriTi (желат. vaqebde) da kavSirebiTi (сослагат. vaqo) Semoeria TxrobiTi
kilos droebs: natvriTi da pirobiTi n. mars calke ara aqvs gamoyofili.
qarTuli enis praqtikul gramatikebSi zmnis nakvTebs (droebs) axasiaTebdnen funqciis
mixedviT (da ara warmoebisda kvalad!); funqciebi erTsa da imave erTeuls gansxvavebuli
SeiZleba hqondes (Sdr. `mogewera~ frazebSi: Sen rom mogewera, daviTi
ukve wasuli iyo _ Sen rom mogewera, daviTi dagxvdeboda...); qarTulsa da, saerTod,
iberiul-kavkasiur enebSi sauRvlebel nakvTebSi drois garda sxvadasxva modaloba
SeiZleba iyos aRniSnuli; amitom funqciaTa mixedviT nakvTebis kvalifikacia da
dajgufeba rTuldeba; masTan funqciuri TvalsazrisiT natvriTi da pirobiTi calke
unda gamoiyos.
zemoxsenebul garemoebas arc Tu mcire wvlili udevs zmnis uRvlilebis sqemaTa
im sirTuleSi, praqtikul gramatikebSi rom gvaqvs. oriode nimuSi:
antonis `qarTuli Rrammatika~ sam kilos ganasxvavebs: TxrobiTs (sazRvrebiTi
sqesi), brZanebiTsa da natvriTs (sawadisi sqesi). TxrobiTs kiloSi gvaqvs 6 dro:
awmyo (Sevhkrav), namyo usruli (SevhkraÂdi), namyo sruli (Sevhkar), namyo usrulesi
(Semikravs), namyo uusrulesi (Semekra), m y o o b a d i (Sevhkra). natvriTs kilo-
Si garCeulia awmyo da myoobadi (vaSaTu SevkrÂde), namyo usruli (vaSaTu S e v -
h k r  d i ) , namyo sruli da usrulesi (vaSaTu S e m i k r  e s ) , namyo uusrulesi (vaSa-
Tu S e m e k r a ) ; erTi sityviT, natvriTi imave erTeulebs Seicavs, rasac TxrobiTi,
oRond daerTvis `netavi~ (vaSaTu). garda amisa, saziaro erTeulebi aqvs awmyosa da
myofads, namyo srulsa da usruless. terminebi: `namyo sruli~, `namyo usrulesi~,
`namyo uusrulesi~ gvagrZnobineben, ramdenad nebismieri da xelovnuria saTanado
nakvTebis (Sevhkar, Semikravs, Semekra) daxasiaTeba funqciis mixedviT, amasve mowmobs
erTi da imave nakvTis Setana TxrobiTs kiloSic da natvriTSic.
zogi avtori cdilobda ar gaemeorebina erTi da igive nakvTi TxrobiTsa da natvriTs
kiloSi, nakvTebis wyeba erTi kilosTvis ganekuTvnebina, sxva kidev _ meori-
1 iberiul-kavkasiuri enaTmecniereba, t. XIII, 1962.