q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a

vnebiTis formaTa marTlwerasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi 1
52
TinaTin RvinaZe
Tanamedrove qarTul saliteraturo enaSi vnebiTi gvaris zmnebis formaTa warmoebasa
da gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebulia mravali sakiTxi. amaTgan saliteraturo
enis normaTa TvalsazrisiT zogi mogvarebulia da zogic mosagvarebeli rCeba. ker-
Zod, amasTan dakavSirebuli araerTi orTografiuli da morfologiuri sakiTxi gadawyvetilia,
rac asaxulia `qarTuli enis orTografiul leqsikonsa~ (1968 w.) da
`Tanamedrove qarTuli saliteraturo enis normebSi~ (1970 w.). gadawyvetas elis sintaqsur-stilistikuri
zogi sakiTxi vnebiTi gvaris zmnebis gamoyenebisa.
Tanamedrove qarTulSi vnebiTi gvarisaa yvela gardauvali zmna, romelsac awmyo-
Si mesame subieqturi piris niSnad aqvs -a (mxolobiTSi), -an (mravlobiTSi). zmniT gamoxatuli
Sinaarsis miuxedavad, mesame subieqturi piris niSans win uswrebs Temis
niSani, umetesad -eb an -ev, iSviaTad -ob, -of, -em.
yovelgvar sufiqsiani zmna vnebiTad qcevisas -eb sufiqsiani xdeba umetesad, mxolod
-ev, zogjer -ob, -of, -em, SerCeba ucvlelad.
Tu moqmedebiTia a-Sen-eb-s, vnebiTi iqneba Sen-d-eb-a,
xat-av-s _ i-xat-eb-a
dg-am-s _ i-dg-m-eb-a
a-ngr-ev-s _ i-ngr-ev-a
a-p-ob-s _ i-p-ob-a
warmo-S-ob-s _ warmo-i-S-ob-a
y-of-s _ i-y-of-a
gamo-s-c-em-s _ gamo-i-c-em-a da a. S.
vnebiTadve ganixileba uZvelesi gardauvali dinamikuri zmnebi Tb-eb-a tipisa maTi
formisa da funqciis gamo Sinaarsis miuxedavad. amaTganaa nawarmoebi moqmedebiTis
formebi: a-Tb-ob-s, a-dn-ob-s, a-Wkn-ob-s da misT.
amgvarad, vnebiTi gvaris zmnaTa umetesoba dRes -eb-a an -ev-a, -ob-a, -of-a, -em-a daboloebiania
awmyos III pirSi, xolo I-sa da II pirSi _ -eb-i, -ev-i, -ob-i, -of-i, -em-i
daboloebiani. maSasadame, vnebiTebia zmnaTa aseTi formebi:
v-Sen-d-eb-i v-i-far-eb-i v-e-far-eb-i v-Tb-eb-i
Sen-d-eb-i i-far-eb-i e-far-eb-i Tb-eb-i
Sen-d-eb-a i-far-eb-a e-far-eb-a Tb-eb-a
v-Sen-d-eb-i-T v-i-far-eb-i-T v-e-far-eb-i-T v-Tb-eb-i-T
Sen-d-eb-i-T i-far-eb-i-T e-far-eb-i-T Tb-eb-i-T
Sen-d-eb-i-an i-far-eb-i-an e-far-eb-i-an Tb-eb-i-an
agreTve aseTebi: ingreva (engreva), irRveva (erRveva), irkveva (erkveva), iqceva (eqceva),
ireva (ereva), imRvreva (emRvreva), eteva, eweva da sxvebi, aseve: i-xrC-ob-a (exrCoba)
da misT.
Zvel qarTulSi yvela aseT SemTxvevaSi subieqturi mesame piris niSnad, rogorc
wesi, -s gamoiyeneboda. iyo: Tbebis, Sendebis, ifarebis, efarebis, ingrevis, iqcevis da
a. S. axal saliteraturo qarTulSi awmyos mesame pirSi moekveca fuZis bolokiduri
-i- da damkvidrda amgvar formebSi subieqturi mesame pirisaTvis -a niSani (Tbeba, Sendeba,
ifareba, efareba, ingreva, engreva, iqceva...). es Tavisebureba Zveli da axali
qarTulis movlenaTa erT-erT ganmasxvavebel niSnadac iqca.
Tanamedrove qarTulSi arsebobs vnebiTi gvaris zmnaTa formebi Zveli qarTuli-
1 qarTuli ena da literatura skolaSi, #3, 1981.