q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a

lian xSirad aris warmodgenili erTi niSani, magram is amis gamo aravis miuCnevia
erTpirianad. aseT zmnebs xan orpirianad Tvlian /deda zrdi-s bavSvs/ da xan sampirianad
/ZiZa uzrdi-s dedas bavSvs/. meorecaa-da, rom kidevac CavTvaloT `TamaSobs~
zmna gardauvalad, rogori kvalifikacia unda mieces aseT SemTxvevaSi am zmnasTan
dakavSirebul meore saxels? ra aris is, Tu ara pirdapiri obieqti?
amrigad, a. SaniZes `TamaSobs~ tipis zmnebi gardamaval zmnebad miaCnia da amitom
maT saSuali gvaris zmnebad ar Tvlis, arn. C i q o b a v a am zmnebs `statikur gardauval
zmnebs~ uwodebs, rac gamoricxavs am zmnebis gardamavlad CaTvlis SesaZleblobas.
vfiqrobT, rom zemoT ganxiluli zmnebi, udavod, gardamavalia, sxvanairad gaWirdeba
maTTan dakavSirebuli meore saxelis kvalifikacia, magram, amasTan erTad, arc sa-
Suali gvaris zmnebis ricxvidan maTi amoricxva unda iyos gamarTlebuli, radganac
maTi uRvlileba zustad imeorebs saSuali gvaris zmnebis uRvlilebas. aRsaniSnavia
kidev erTi garemoeba: Tu saSuali gvaris zmnam SeiZleba naklul mwkrivebSi isesxos
aqtiuri formebi mTeli Tavisi atributebiT: brunvacvalebadi subieqtiT, saTaviso
qcevis i- niSniT myofadsa da II seriaSi, -es daboloebiT wyvetilSi III piris subieqtis
mravlobiTis aRsaniSnavad, inversiuli formebiT III seriaSi, ratom ar SeiZleba
amave aqtiuri zmnebis analogiiT iSviaT SemTxvevaSi man pirdapiri obieqtic gaiCinos?
miT umetes, rom, sayovelTaod cnobilia, rom es pirdapiri obieqti ar aris ise-
Ti Zalisa da mniSvnelobisa, rogorc moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnebis pirdapiri obieqtia
da, amasTan, meryevi bunebisaa: xan ixmareba aseTi tipis zmnebTan da xan ara.
rom `TamaSobs~ tipis gardamavali zmnebis saSuali gvaris zmnebis ricxvidan amoReba
naZaladevia da araTanmimdevruli, amas isic unda adasturebdes, rom `swavlobs~
zmna, romelic a. SaniZis gramatikaSi erT SemTxvevaSi daxasiaTebulia rogorc mxolod
gardamavali, rogorc Cans, ugvaro zmna [2,311]. sxva SemTxvevaSi iqve, imave naSromSi,
saSuali, saxeldobr, medioaqtivi zmnis magaliTad aris dasaxelebuli [2,493].
amrigad, SeiZleba davaskvnaT:
1. e.w. saSuali gvaris /`statikuri gardauvali~/ zmnebis didisagan didi umravlesoba
danaklis formebs moqmedebiTi gvaris formebis paralelurad vnebiTi gvaris
formebiTac ivsebs. rac Seexeba am zmnebis relatiur da zmniswinian formebs, iq nakluli
mwkrivebis erTaderTi SesaZlebloba pasiuri formebis gamoyenebaa /es ukanaskneli
garemoeba imis maCvenebelic unda iyos, rom aqtiuri da pasiuri formebis paraleluri
xmarebisas aseTi zmnebis absoluturi agebulebis formebSi pasiuri formebi
iseTive sruluflebiani monacvle fuZeebia am zmnebisaTvis, rogorc aqtiuri/. amgvarad,
arsebobs ara marto ori jgufi saSuali gvaris zmnebisa _ mxolod medioaqtivi
an mxolod mediopasivi, aramed mesame jgufic _ medioaqtivi da mediopasivi er-
Tsa da imave dros.
2. saSuali gvaris medioaqtiv zmnebTan rig SemTxvevaSi pirdapiri obieqtis xmareba,
safiqrebelia, arc imis safuZvels iZleva, rom isini ar CavTvaloT saSuali gvaris
zmnebad da arc, miT umetes, imisas, rom es zmnebi gardauvalad gamovacxadoT:
saSuali gvaris zmnebi, Cveulebriv, gardauvalia, magram iSviaTad, nasesxebi aqtiuri
formebis analogiiT, SeiZleba gardamavalic iyos.
l i t e r a t u r a
1. arn. C i q o b a v a , qarTuli enis zogadi daxasiaTeba, qegl, t. I, Tbilisi, 1950.
2. a . S a n i Z e , qarTuli enis gramatikis safuZvlebi, Txzulebani Tormet tomad, t.
III, Tbilisi, 1980.
3. m . t a b i Z e , saSuali gvaris zmnebisaTvis qarTulSi, studentTa XXXV samecniero
konferenciis masalebi, Tbilisi, 1973.
4. q e g l , t. IV, Tbilisi, 1955.
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