q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a

naSTebi mesame piris obieqturi prefiqsis xmarebisa xmovnebis win
qarTul zmnebSi 1
4
akaki SaniZe
ukve gamorkveulia, rom obieqturi prefiqsi mesame pirisa qarTulSi moepoveba
mxolod micemiT damatebian zmnebs, e. i. iseT zmnebs, romelnic damatebas micemiT
brunvaSi moiTxoven ara marto awmyoSi, aramed namyo srulSic 2 . gamorkveulia isic,
rom am prefiqss qarTulSi saerTod ramdenime saxe aqvs (h, Á, x, R, s, S, z, J, romel-
Taganac Zvel saliteraturo qarTulSi Cveulebriv mxolod h, s da S gvxvdeba), magram
misi xmareba mxolod TanxmovniT dawyebuli fuZeebiT aris gansazRvruli. raica
Seexeba xmovniT dawyebul fuZeebs, aq obieqturi prefiqsi (Teoriulad h) ikargeba,
rogorc Zvels, ise axal saliteraturo enaSi da agreTve cocxal kiloebSic. magram
xmovnis win marto mesame piris obieqturi prefiqsi rodi ikargeba; ikargeba agreTve
meore piris subieqturi prefiqsic, romelsac iseTive fonetikuri saxeebi aqvs, rogoric
mesame piris obieqtur prefiqss. mxolod aq erTi gamonaklisi moipoveba: esaa
aris zmna, romelsac dRemdisac ki daucavs subieqturi prefiqsis xmareba xmovnis
win meore piris formaSi: var, xar, ari-s. magram es erTi zmna yvelgan da yovelTvis
ganmartoebiT dgas, radganac misi uRleba arc erTi cnobili kilos uRlebis normebs
ar egueba: xmovnis win ara gvaqvs sxva SemTxveva meore piris subieqturi niSnis
Senaxvisa. samagierod SeiZleba mas paralelebi movuZebnoT mesame piris obieqturi
prefiqsis xmarebis SemTxvevebidan xmovnebis win. es paralelebia: xerTvis, xeyav, Sexewie
da SexubaT.
1. xerTvis
qarTulSi ar moipoveba zmnis forma xerTvis, magram moipoveba am formisagan nawarmoebi
saxeli xerTvis-i. ras niSnavs igi? s. o r b e l i a n i s leqsikoniT xerTvisi
aris `zRvaTa da wyalTa saSualo adgili xmeli~. am ganmartebaSi `wyali~ uTuod
mdinaris mniSvnelobiT aris naxmari da, maSasadame, s. orbelianis axsnis dRevandeli
Targamani iqneba: zRvebsa da mdinareebs Soris mdebare xmeli adgili. magram zRvebsa
da mdinareebs Soris mdebare xmeli adgili CvenTvis dRes SeiZleba kunZulic iyos
da naxevar-kunZulic, imisda mixedviT, mTlad aris igi Semofargluli wyliT, Tu
ara. romeli maTgani aqvs sulxans mxedvelobaSi? Tu yuradRebas mivaqcevT im garemoebas,
rom xerTvisi mas miaCnia k u n Z u l i s a da W a l a k i s sinonimad (misi ganmarteba
kunZulisa aseTia: xerTÂsi, Walaki, xolo Walakisa: kunZuli, gina Wala), SeiZleba
vifiqroT, rom mas xerTvisi dRevandel kunZulad esmodes. magram ara! aseTi gageba
iqneboda dRevandel cnebaTa gadatana Zvels droSi da Cveni Sexedulebis moxveva
sulxanis Tavze. Tumca axal qarTulSi gansxvavebuli gvaqvs k u n Z u l i da n a x e -
v a r - k u n Z u l i , magram Zvel qarTulSi aseTi diferenciacia ar unda yofiliyo da
iq erTi da igive sityva (xerTvisi iqneboda igi, kunZuli, Tu Walaki) gamoyenebuli
unda yofiliyo rogorc k u n Z u l i s , ise n a x e v a r - k u n Z u l i s aRsaniSnavad. aseTi
ganurCevloba kunZulisa da naxevar-kunZulisa Zvel qarTulSi gasakviri ar
aris, radganac igi marto Zvel qarTuls rodi axasiaTebs: msgavsive movlenaa arabulSic.
arc Tu Zvel berZnulSia Zalian garCeuli k u n Z u l i da n a x e v a r - k u n Z u -
li. Tumca aq naxevar-kunZulisaTvis specialurad χερσόνησος (anu χεῤῤονησος), ή, moipoveba,
raica qarTulad xmeleT-kunZuls niSnavs, magram mainc νσος, ή, aRniSnavs
ara marto k u n Z u l s sakuTriv, aramed n a x e v a r - k u n Z u l s a c . es cxadad Cans, magaliTad,
peloponesis naxevar-kunZulis saxelwodebidan, raica etimologiurad p e -
1 a . S a n i Z e , Txz., t. II, Tb., 1981 (ibeWdeba mcireodeni SemoklebiT).
2 a. SaniZe, subieqturi prefiqsi meore pirisa da obieqturi prefiqsi mesame pirisa qarTul
zmnebSi, Txz., t. II, Tb., 1981.