q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a
q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a
34 aram martirosovi zmniswinebis Sedgeniloba da maTi pirveladi funqciebi Zvel qarTulSi 1 qarTul enaSi cnobili zmniswinebi damoukidebeli mniSvnelobis mqone sityvebisagan (zmnisarTebisagan) momdinareoben. zogierTi zmnisarTi, Tu SeiZleba ase iTqvas, Cven Tvalwin gadaiqca zmniswinad. Zvel qarTulSi, magaliTad, ukun || uku, ukumo, wiaR, wiaRmo, gardamo zmnisarTadac ixmareboda da zmniswinis funqciasac asrulebda. eseni zmniswinad xmarebisas jer kidev zmnasTan ise mtkiced ar iyvnen SeerTebuli, rogorc sxva danarCeni zmniswinebi. amJamad gardamo cota saxecvlili formiT (gadmo) mxolod zmniswinad ixmareba, zmnisarTis funqcia ki man karga xania dakarga. saliteraturo qarTuli enis ganviTarebis mTel manZilze gvxvdeba iseTi SemTxvevebi, roca zmnis funqcias mTlianad zmniswiniRa asrulebs. am movlenas Cveulebriv vxvdebiT `vida~ zmnasTan; mag.: ityodes urTierTas mwyemsni igi: m o da mivideT beTlemdmde (C l 2,15); xolo aw m o da mivideT misa (iqve, iov. 11, 15); m o , davsxdeT, tarielisTvis cremli gvdis SeuSrobeli (v. t. 7); m o , sadac Sen mohkvdebi, mec iq unda movkvde (yazb. 16)... w a , Seebi xataelTa, Tavi kargad damaCvene... (v. t. 379); ...w a , magra momxvdes, raRa vqna, Tu siSorisa grZeloba! (iqve, 144). msgavs movlenas adgili aqvs megrulsa da svanurSic. megrulSi zogjer zmnisagan mxolod zmniswinia darCenili; mag.: qomu (←qomuCi)═= mome⎡ ci⎤ , mola (←mola-rTi) wamo⎡ di⎤ 2 . svanurSi `SekiTxvaze dadebiTi pasuxis gacema marto windebuliTac xerxdeba: bz. qCd mo? (gavida?) _ qa (ga-)... CvnÃid mo? (CamoiRo?) _ Cu... bqv. sgafiSvd mo? (SeuSva?) _ sga...~ 3 . vefxistyaosanSi gvaqvs iseTi SemTxvevebic, roca zmnis nacvlad mxolod zmniswinebi upirispirdebian erTmaneTs; mag.: feri hkrTa da gauficxa S e da g a m o gulman krToma (1544); oden davmiwdi, davnacrdi, guli m i da m o krTeboda (512). amJamad midamo saxelad aris qceuli da sruliad ar igrZnoba masSi Semaval zmniswinTa pirvandeli mniSvneloba (Sdr. war-mo-eba). rogori warmoSobisac unda iyos yvela es movlena, mainc angariSgasawevia zmniswinTa odindeli damoukidebeli mniSvnelobis gaTvaliswinebisas. am mxriv yuradRebas iqcevs agreTve Zveli qarTulis damaxasiaTebeli movlena, roca zmniswini SeiZleboda gancalkevebuli yofiliyo zmnisgan erTi an ramdenime sityviTac ki, rac imaze miuTiTebs, rom im periodSi zmniswinis zmnasTan SeerTebis procesi jer kidev ar iyo damTavrebuli da zmniswini nawilobriv mainc inarCunebda damoukidebel mniSvnelobas. zmniswinebs masalobrivad saerTo aqvT rogorc zmnisarTebTan, ise Tandebuleb- Tan. qarTulSi ar aris TiTqmis arc erTi zmniswini, romelic ar ukavSirdebodes zmnisarTebs. zmniswini da Tandebuli, garda imisa, rom geneturad kavSirSi arian erTmaneTTan, xSirad msgavs funqciebsac avlenen: mag., gan nawilaki qarTulSi zmnasTanac da saxelTanac TiTqmis erTi mniSvnelobiT ixmareba, aRniSnavs moSorebas, mocilebas (Sdr. Z m i s a g a n ganaSora da g a n S o r d n e n isini erTmaneTs). erTnairi funqciiT gvevlineba agreTve Se- zmniswini da -Si Tandebuli (Sdr. agreTve: mo-dis _ Cemda-mo, mi-dis _ misda-mi). qarTveluri enebidan svanurSi dadasturebulia, rom erTi da igive nawilaki zmnasTan zmniswinis rols asrulebs, saxelebTan ki _ Tandebulisas; mag., Ji, Cu, 1 iberiul-kavkasiuri enaTmecniereba, t. V, 1953. 2 И. Кипшидзе, Грамматика мингрельского (иверского) языка. gv. 0106. 3 v . T o f u r i a , svanuri ena, I, zmna, 1931, gv. 63.
⎡ i⎤ sga / ska da qa zmniswinebi saxelsac marTaven micemiT brunvaSi 4 . am oriode faqtis gaTvaliswinebiTac sruliad gasagebia, Tu Zvel qarTulSi ratom unda yofiliyo uTandebulo formebi maSin, roca Tandebulis movaleobas zmniswini asrulebda. iseT SemTxvevebSi, rogoricaa: ver S e v i d e s sasufevelsa ca- Tasa (xanZT. g 36); S e x  d o d e T iwrosa mas bWesa (xanmeti, 378); tanjvasa didsa S e - g a g d o n Sen (SuS. III 25), episkoposman saydarsa igi d a s  s (xanZT. gv. 41), micemiTSi dasmuli saxelebi sasufevelsa, bWesa, tanjvasa, saydarsa uTandebuloa, radgan -Sina da -zeda Tandebulis Sinaarss Se- da da- zmniswini gadmogvcems. zmniswini yvela enisaTvis rodia damaxasiaTebeli. zogierT enaSi (maT Soris qar- Tvelur enebSic) zmniswins mniSvnelovani roli aqvs dakisrebuli; zog enaSi ki igi sruliad ar moipoveba. magaliTad, rig mTis iberiul-kavkasiur enaSi brunvaTa mravalfunqciianobisa da Tandebulian brunvaTa xSiri gamoyenebis gamo zmniswini Cveulebriv ar ixmareba. Zveli somxuri, romelsac faqtobrivad zmniswini ar gaaCnda, zmniswinis funqcias sxva saSualebiT gamoxatavda; magaliTad, mimarTulebis gadmosacemad igi iyenebda sruliad sxvadasxva fuZis zmnebs an kidev nacvalsaxelebs, zmnisarTebsa da saxelur windebulebs. mag., iqiTa da aqeTa mimarTulebis aRsaniSnavad gamoyenebuli iyo sxvadasxva zmna. iqiTa mimarTulebisaTvis Cveulebriv ixmareboda moZraobis aRmniSvneli zmnebi. qarTulis msgavsad rusulic sakmaod mdidaria zmniswinebiT. aq zmniswinebs SeuZlia gadmocema yvela im mimarTulebisa, romelsac qarTuli zmniswinebi aRniSnaven, magram am or enas Soris arsebiTi gansxvaveba mainc Cans; rusul zmniswinebs mxolod erTi rigi moepoveba, qarTuls ki _ ori. is, rac qarTulSi rTuli zmniswinebiT gamoixateba, rusulSi verc erTi zmniswinebiT ver gadmoicema. qarTuli am mxriv zog rameSi zanurisganac gansxvavdeba. megrul-Wanuri gansakuTrebiT mdidaria zmniswinebiT. es iTqmis umTavresad rTul zmniswinebze. rogorc cnobilia, qarTulSi rTuli zmniswinis meore Semadgenel nawilad mo gamodis, xolo or SemTxvevaSi _ da (gar-da, Se-da→STa→Ca), megrul-WanurSi ki rTuli zmniswinis meore komponentad bevri iseTi nawilaki ixmareba, romelic qarTulisaTvis sruliad ucxoa. aseTia, magaliTad, WanurSi -ka-, -ko-, -wa- (|| -we-), -Sa-, -Se-, -la- (||-lo-) da sxva, megrulSi amas garda -To- da -no- 5 . rTuli zmniswinis am meore komponentis saSualebiT megrul-Wanuri axerxebs moZraobis mimarTulebasTan erTad damatebiT gadmosces sxva garemoebac; mag.: ekikidu (←e-ka-kidu) _ moikida (`ukan aikida~); ewebudgamT _ SevudgamT (`davudgamT qvemodan zemoTken~); qekuxunu _ ukan mousva (`zeviT ukan dasva~); qeSafuTxu _ amofrinda (`Signidan zeviT afrinda~); elaxedi _ dajeqi (`ramesTan Camojeqi, risame gverdiT dajeqi~); mewukapu _ Camoxta (`moqveSxta~), goSatkoCu _ gadaagdo (`gaSigtyorcna~) da sxva 6 . am damatebiT mniSvnelobebs qarTuli ena zmnisarTebis an Cveulebriv Tandebulebis saSualebiT gadmoscems. zanuriseburi rTuli zmniswinebi nawilobriv svanurSic moipoveba. aseTia: Ji+an-, Cu+ad-, sga+a-, qa+es-, sga+la 7 . qarTulTan da agreTve zanurTan SedarebiT svanur zmniswinebs ki is Tavisebureba gaaCniaT, rom martivi zmniswinebi, rogoricaa: Ji, Cu, sga, qa ara marto TavSi daerTvian zmnas, aramed mis Semdegac gvevlinebian; mag.: anmre Ji _ J’anmre (=moamzada), adaWeme Cu _ CadWeme (=daTiba), adie qa _ qdie (=gaitana, gaiyvana) da sxva 8 . zogjer egeve zmniswinebi zmnas TavSic daerTvis da bolo- Sic. saerTod es Tavisebureba swored iseT zmniswinebs axasiaTebs, romlebic saxel- Tan Tandebulebadac ixmareba. 4 v . T o f u r i a , svanuri ena, I, zmna, gv. 64. 5 a r n . C i q o b a v a , Wanuris gramatikuli analizi,Gv. 118, 129. 6 yvela nimuSi saTanado SesatyvisiT warmodgenilia arn. Ciqobavas monografiidan: Wanuris gramatikuli analizi, gv. 120-128. 7 v . T o f u r i a , iqve, gv. 53. 8 i q v e , gv. 62. 35
- Page 1 and 2: g a m o c d e b i s e r o v n u l i
- Page 3 and 4: S e s a v a l i `maswavleblis bibli
- Page 5 and 6: lopis kunZuls niSnavs: Πελοπό
- Page 7 and 8: da, roca qaragmas gavxsniT da Zvel
- Page 9 and 10: merme Camodga S e r T u l T a (*501
- Page 11 and 12: 3. Sexewie bolnisis sionis sakurTxe
- Page 13 and 14: gramatikuli subieqti zogierT gardau
- Page 15 and 16: gansakuTrebiT naTlad Cans subieqti
- Page 17 and 18: luri mxare, aramed am zmnebis mniSv
- Page 19 and 20: da, yvarebia, eyvareba; uyvardes, y
- Page 21 and 22: fologiurad gagebuli da dafasebulia
- Page 23 and 24: Tqmulis Semdeg advili gadasawyvetia
- Page 25 and 26: vTqvaT, rom `moaqvs~ da `mohyavs~ i
- Page 27 and 28: gardauvalma zmnebma ki sazogadod in
- Page 29 and 30: dinamikurs, kerZod, gamoxatavs dina
- Page 31 and 32: gramatikulma subieqtma sabolood dak
- Page 33: Tavis adgils. es procesi enis ganvi
- Page 37 and 38: gamoekueTa kldisagan (DE mT 27, 60)
- Page 39 and 40: ma- zmniswini yovelgvari asimilacii
- Page 41 and 42: amitom is I piris myofobis areSi ig
- Page 43 and 44: war- zmniswinis zemoaRniSnuli mniSv
- Page 45 and 46: mimarTulebas gadmoscems; mag.: a R
- Page 47 and 48: 7. uku-, wiaR-. Zvel qarTulSi iSvia
- Page 49 and 50: Sinaarsobrivi an stiluric aris, ker
- Page 51 and 52: lian xSirad aris warmodgenili erTi
- Page 53 and 54: seburi daboloebiTac, magaliTad: ibm
- Page 55 and 56: tipis vnebiTebSic (gaTbnen, aSendne
- Page 57 and 58: g. orpiriani vnebiTi gvaris zmnebis
- Page 59 and 60: zog SemTxvevaSi gamoCndeba), magram
- Page 61 and 62: saTvis. asea sil. xundaZesTan, ias.
- Page 63 and 64: 1. awmyosagan iwarmoeba (`awmdgomis
- Page 65 and 66: gan gansxvavebiT, TurmeobiTi meore,
- Page 67 and 68: axsna mecnierebis mizans warmoadgen
- Page 69 and 70: TulSi gvaqvs (ubrZanebies, dauteveb
- Page 71 and 72: Zveli qarTulis ZeglebSi ar mogvepov
- Page 73 and 74: struqciis ganviTarebis meqanizmi? T
- Page 75 and 76: velSi SeiZleba warmodgenili iyos pi
- Page 77 and 78: viCnioT. sailustraciod SeiZleba pir
- Page 79 and 80: nareobs -en sufiqsisagan, romlic zm
- Page 81 and 82: neboda imis codna, -a enacvleba Cve
- Page 83 and 84: umTavresad e, ufro iSviaTad o/i rig
⎡ i⎤ sga / ska da qa zmniswinebi saxelsac marTaven micemiT brunvaSi 4 .<br />
am oriode faqtis gaTvaliswinebiTac sruliad gasagebia, Tu Zvel qarTulSi ratom<br />
unda yofiliyo uTandebulo formebi maSin, roca Tandebulis movaleobas<br />
zmniswini asrulebda. iseT SemTxvevebSi, rogoricaa: ver S e v i d e s sasufevelsa ca-<br />
Tasa (xanZT. g 36); S e x  d o d e T iwrosa mas bWesa (xanmeti, 378); tanjvasa didsa S e -<br />
g a g d o n Sen (SuS. III 25), episkoposman saydarsa igi d a s  s (xanZT. gv. 41), micemiTSi<br />
dasmuli saxelebi sasufevelsa, bWesa, tanjvasa, saydarsa uTandebuloa, radgan -Sina<br />
da -zeda Tandebulis Sinaarss Se- da da- zmniswini gadmogvcems.<br />
zmniswini yvela enisaTvis rodia damaxasiaTebeli. zogierT enaSi (maT Soris qar-<br />
Tvelur enebSic) zmniswins mniSvnelovani roli aqvs dakisrebuli; zog enaSi ki igi<br />
sruliad ar moipoveba. magaliTad, rig mTis iberiul-kavkasiur enaSi brunvaTa mravalfunqciianobisa<br />
da Tandebulian brunvaTa xSiri gamoyenebis gamo zmniswini Cveulebriv<br />
ar ixmareba. Zveli somxuri, romelsac faqtobrivad zmniswini ar gaaCnda,<br />
zmniswinis funqcias sxva saSualebiT gamoxatavda; magaliTad, mimarTulebis gadmosacemad<br />
igi iyenebda sruliad sxvadasxva fuZis zmnebs an kidev nacvalsaxelebs,<br />
zmnisarTebsa da saxelur windebulebs. mag., iqiTa da aqeTa mimarTulebis aRsaniSnavad<br />
gamoyenebuli iyo sxvadasxva zmna. iqiTa mimarTulebisaTvis Cveulebriv ixmareboda<br />
moZraobis aRmniSvneli zmnebi.<br />
qarTulis msgavsad rusulic sakmaod mdidaria zmniswinebiT. aq zmniswinebs SeuZlia<br />
gadmocema yvela im mimarTulebisa, romelsac qarTuli zmniswinebi aRniSnaven,<br />
magram am or enas Soris arsebiTi gansxvaveba mainc Cans; rusul zmniswinebs mxolod<br />
erTi rigi moepoveba, qarTuls ki _ ori. is, rac qarTulSi rTuli zmniswinebiT gamoixateba,<br />
rusulSi verc erTi zmniswinebiT ver gadmoicema.<br />
qarTuli am mxriv zog rameSi zanurisganac gansxvavdeba. megrul-Wanuri gansakuTrebiT<br />
mdidaria zmniswinebiT. es iTqmis umTavresad rTul zmniswinebze. rogorc<br />
cnobilia, qarTulSi rTuli zmniswinis meore Semadgenel nawilad mo gamodis, xolo<br />
or SemTxvevaSi _ da (gar-da, Se-da→STa→Ca), megrul-WanurSi ki rTuli zmniswinis<br />
meore komponentad bevri iseTi nawilaki ixmareba, romelic qarTulisaTvis sruliad<br />
ucxoa. aseTia, magaliTad, WanurSi -ka-, -ko-, -wa- (|| -we-), -Sa-, -Se-, -la- (||-lo-)<br />
da sxva, megrulSi amas garda -To- da -no- 5 . rTuli zmniswinis am meore komponentis<br />
saSualebiT megrul-Wanuri axerxebs moZraobis mimarTulebasTan erTad damatebiT<br />
gadmosces sxva garemoebac; mag.: ekikidu (←e-ka-kidu) _ moikida (`ukan aikida~); ewebudgamT<br />
_ SevudgamT (`davudgamT qvemodan zemoTken~); qekuxunu _ ukan mousva (`zeviT<br />
ukan dasva~); qeSafuTxu _ amofrinda (`Signidan zeviT afrinda~); elaxedi _ dajeqi<br />
(`ramesTan Camojeqi, risame gverdiT dajeqi~); mewukapu _ Camoxta (`moqveSxta~),<br />
goSatkoCu _ gadaagdo (`gaSigtyorcna~) da sxva 6 . am damatebiT mniSvnelobebs qarTuli<br />
ena zmnisarTebis an Cveulebriv Tandebulebis saSualebiT gadmoscems.<br />
zanuriseburi rTuli zmniswinebi nawilobriv svanurSic moipoveba. aseTia: Ji+an-,<br />
Cu+ad-, sga+a-, qa+es-, sga+la 7 . qarTulTan da agreTve zanurTan SedarebiT svanur<br />
zmniswinebs ki is Tavisebureba gaaCniaT, rom martivi zmniswinebi, rogoricaa: Ji, Cu,<br />
sga, qa ara marto TavSi daerTvian zmnas, aramed mis Semdegac gvevlinebian; mag.: anmre<br />
Ji _ J’anmre (=moamzada), adaWeme Cu _ CadWeme (=daTiba), adie qa _ qdie (=gaitana,<br />
gaiyvana) da sxva 8 . zogjer egeve zmniswinebi zmnas TavSic daerTvis da bolo-<br />
Sic. saerTod es Tavisebureba swored iseT zmniswinebs axasiaTebs, romlebic saxel-<br />
Tan Tandebulebadac ixmareba.<br />
4 v . T o f u r i a , svanuri ena, I, zmna, gv. 64.<br />
5 a r n . C i q o b a v a , Wanuris gramatikuli analizi,Gv. 118, 129.<br />
6 yvela nimuSi saTanado SesatyvisiT warmodgenilia arn. Ciqobavas monografiidan: Wanuris<br />
gramatikuli analizi, gv. 120-128.<br />
7 v . T o f u r i a , iqve, gv. 53.<br />
8 i q v e , gv. 62.<br />
35
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