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q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a

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34<br />

aram martirosovi<br />

zmniswinebis Sedgeniloba da maTi pirveladi funqciebi Zvel qarTulSi 1<br />

qarTul enaSi cnobili zmniswinebi damoukidebeli mniSvnelobis mqone sityvebisagan<br />

(zmnisarTebisagan) momdinareoben.<br />

zogierTi zmnisarTi, Tu SeiZleba ase iTqvas, Cven Tvalwin gadaiqca zmniswinad.<br />

Zvel qarTulSi, magaliTad, ukun || uku, ukumo, wiaR, wiaRmo, gardamo zmnisarTadac<br />

ixmareboda da zmniswinis funqciasac asrulebda. eseni zmniswinad xmarebisas jer<br />

kidev zmnasTan ise mtkiced ar iyvnen SeerTebuli, rogorc sxva danarCeni zmniswinebi.<br />

amJamad gardamo cota saxecvlili formiT (gadmo) mxolod zmniswinad ixmareba,<br />

zmnisarTis funqcia ki man karga xania dakarga.<br />

saliteraturo qarTuli enis ganviTarebis mTel manZilze gvxvdeba iseTi SemTxvevebi,<br />

roca zmnis funqcias mTlianad zmniswiniRa asrulebs. am movlenas Cveulebriv<br />

vxvdebiT `vida~ zmnasTan; mag.: ityodes urTierTas mwyemsni igi: m o da mivideT beTlemdmde<br />

(C l 2,15); xolo aw m o da mivideT misa (iqve, iov. 11, 15); m o , davsxdeT, tarielisTvis<br />

cremli gvdis SeuSrobeli (v. t. 7); m o , sadac Sen mohkvdebi, mec iq unda<br />

movkvde (yazb. 16)... w a , Seebi xataelTa, Tavi kargad damaCvene... (v. t. 379); ...w a , magra<br />

momxvdes, raRa vqna, Tu siSorisa grZeloba! (iqve, 144).<br />

msgavs movlenas adgili aqvs megrulsa da svanurSic. megrulSi zogjer zmnisagan<br />

mxolod zmniswinia darCenili; mag.: qomu (←qomuCi)═= mome⎡ ci⎤ , mola (←mola-rTi) wamo⎡<br />

di⎤ 2 . svanurSi `SekiTxvaze dadebiTi pasuxis gacema marto windebuliTac xerxdeba:<br />

bz. qCd mo? (gavida?) _ qa (ga-)... CvnÃid mo? (CamoiRo?) _ Cu... bqv. sgafiSvd mo?<br />

(SeuSva?) _ sga...~ 3 .<br />

vefxistyaosanSi gvaqvs iseTi SemTxvevebic, roca zmnis nacvlad mxolod zmniswinebi<br />

upirispirdebian erTmaneTs; mag.: feri hkrTa da gauficxa S e da g a m o gulman<br />

krToma (1544); oden davmiwdi, davnacrdi, guli m i da m o krTeboda (512). amJamad midamo<br />

saxelad aris qceuli da sruliad ar igrZnoba masSi Semaval zmniswinTa pirvandeli<br />

mniSvneloba (Sdr. war-mo-eba).<br />

rogori warmoSobisac unda iyos yvela es movlena, mainc angariSgasawevia zmniswinTa<br />

odindeli damoukidebeli mniSvnelobis gaTvaliswinebisas.<br />

am mxriv yuradRebas iqcevs agreTve Zveli qarTulis damaxasiaTebeli movlena,<br />

roca zmniswini SeiZleboda gancalkevebuli yofiliyo zmnisgan erTi an ramdenime<br />

sityviTac ki, rac imaze miuTiTebs, rom im periodSi zmniswinis zmnasTan SeerTebis<br />

procesi jer kidev ar iyo damTavrebuli da zmniswini nawilobriv mainc inarCunebda<br />

damoukidebel mniSvnelobas.<br />

zmniswinebs masalobrivad saerTo aqvT rogorc zmnisarTebTan, ise Tandebuleb-<br />

Tan. qarTulSi ar aris TiTqmis arc erTi zmniswini, romelic ar ukavSirdebodes<br />

zmnisarTebs.<br />

zmniswini da Tandebuli, garda imisa, rom geneturad kavSirSi arian erTmaneTTan,<br />

xSirad msgavs funqciebsac avlenen: mag., gan nawilaki qarTulSi zmnasTanac da saxelTanac<br />

TiTqmis erTi mniSvnelobiT ixmareba, aRniSnavs moSorebas, mocilebas<br />

(Sdr. Z m i s a g a n ganaSora da g a n S o r d n e n isini erTmaneTs). erTnairi funqciiT<br />

gvevlineba agreTve Se- zmniswini da -Si Tandebuli (Sdr. agreTve: mo-dis _ Cemda-mo,<br />

mi-dis _ misda-mi).<br />

qarTveluri enebidan svanurSi dadasturebulia, rom erTi da igive nawilaki<br />

zmnasTan zmniswinis rols asrulebs, saxelebTan ki _ Tandebulisas; mag., Ji, Cu,<br />

1 iberiul-kavkasiuri enaTmecniereba, t. V, 1953.<br />

2 И. Кипшидзе, Грамматика мингрельского (иверского) языка. gv. 0106.<br />

3 v . T o f u r i a , svanuri ena, I, zmna, 1931, gv. 63.

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