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34<br />
aram martirosovi<br />
zmniswinebis Sedgeniloba da maTi pirveladi funqciebi Zvel qarTulSi 1<br />
qarTul enaSi cnobili zmniswinebi damoukidebeli mniSvnelobis mqone sityvebisagan<br />
(zmnisarTebisagan) momdinareoben.<br />
zogierTi zmnisarTi, Tu SeiZleba ase iTqvas, Cven Tvalwin gadaiqca zmniswinad.<br />
Zvel qarTulSi, magaliTad, ukun || uku, ukumo, wiaR, wiaRmo, gardamo zmnisarTadac<br />
ixmareboda da zmniswinis funqciasac asrulebda. eseni zmniswinad xmarebisas jer<br />
kidev zmnasTan ise mtkiced ar iyvnen SeerTebuli, rogorc sxva danarCeni zmniswinebi.<br />
amJamad gardamo cota saxecvlili formiT (gadmo) mxolod zmniswinad ixmareba,<br />
zmnisarTis funqcia ki man karga xania dakarga.<br />
saliteraturo qarTuli enis ganviTarebis mTel manZilze gvxvdeba iseTi SemTxvevebi,<br />
roca zmnis funqcias mTlianad zmniswiniRa asrulebs. am movlenas Cveulebriv<br />
vxvdebiT `vida~ zmnasTan; mag.: ityodes urTierTas mwyemsni igi: m o da mivideT beTlemdmde<br />
(C l 2,15); xolo aw m o da mivideT misa (iqve, iov. 11, 15); m o , davsxdeT, tarielisTvis<br />
cremli gvdis SeuSrobeli (v. t. 7); m o , sadac Sen mohkvdebi, mec iq unda<br />
movkvde (yazb. 16)... w a , Seebi xataelTa, Tavi kargad damaCvene... (v. t. 379); ...w a , magra<br />
momxvdes, raRa vqna, Tu siSorisa grZeloba! (iqve, 144).<br />
msgavs movlenas adgili aqvs megrulsa da svanurSic. megrulSi zogjer zmnisagan<br />
mxolod zmniswinia darCenili; mag.: qomu (←qomuCi)═= mome⎡ ci⎤ , mola (←mola-rTi) wamo⎡<br />
di⎤ 2 . svanurSi `SekiTxvaze dadebiTi pasuxis gacema marto windebuliTac xerxdeba:<br />
bz. qCd mo? (gavida?) _ qa (ga-)... CvnÃid mo? (CamoiRo?) _ Cu... bqv. sgafiSvd mo?<br />
(SeuSva?) _ sga...~ 3 .<br />
vefxistyaosanSi gvaqvs iseTi SemTxvevebic, roca zmnis nacvlad mxolod zmniswinebi<br />
upirispirdebian erTmaneTs; mag.: feri hkrTa da gauficxa S e da g a m o gulman<br />
krToma (1544); oden davmiwdi, davnacrdi, guli m i da m o krTeboda (512). amJamad midamo<br />
saxelad aris qceuli da sruliad ar igrZnoba masSi Semaval zmniswinTa pirvandeli<br />
mniSvneloba (Sdr. war-mo-eba).<br />
rogori warmoSobisac unda iyos yvela es movlena, mainc angariSgasawevia zmniswinTa<br />
odindeli damoukidebeli mniSvnelobis gaTvaliswinebisas.<br />
am mxriv yuradRebas iqcevs agreTve Zveli qarTulis damaxasiaTebeli movlena,<br />
roca zmniswini SeiZleboda gancalkevebuli yofiliyo zmnisgan erTi an ramdenime<br />
sityviTac ki, rac imaze miuTiTebs, rom im periodSi zmniswinis zmnasTan SeerTebis<br />
procesi jer kidev ar iyo damTavrebuli da zmniswini nawilobriv mainc inarCunebda<br />
damoukidebel mniSvnelobas.<br />
zmniswinebs masalobrivad saerTo aqvT rogorc zmnisarTebTan, ise Tandebuleb-<br />
Tan. qarTulSi ar aris TiTqmis arc erTi zmniswini, romelic ar ukavSirdebodes<br />
zmnisarTebs.<br />
zmniswini da Tandebuli, garda imisa, rom geneturad kavSirSi arian erTmaneTTan,<br />
xSirad msgavs funqciebsac avlenen: mag., gan nawilaki qarTulSi zmnasTanac da saxelTanac<br />
TiTqmis erTi mniSvnelobiT ixmareba, aRniSnavs moSorebas, mocilebas<br />
(Sdr. Z m i s a g a n ganaSora da g a n S o r d n e n isini erTmaneTs). erTnairi funqciiT<br />
gvevlineba agreTve Se- zmniswini da -Si Tandebuli (Sdr. agreTve: mo-dis _ Cemda-mo,<br />
mi-dis _ misda-mi).<br />
qarTveluri enebidan svanurSi dadasturebulia, rom erTi da igive nawilaki<br />
zmnasTan zmniswinis rols asrulebs, saxelebTan ki _ Tandebulisas; mag., Ji, Cu,<br />
1 iberiul-kavkasiuri enaTmecniereba, t. V, 1953.<br />
2 И. Кипшидзе, Грамматика мингрельского (иверского) языка. gv. 0106.<br />
3 v . T o f u r i a , svanuri ena, I, zmna, 1931, gv. 63.