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Tavis adgils. es procesi enis ganviTarebis Sinagan kanonzomierebaTa erT-erTi gamovlinebaa<br />
da qarTuli saliteraturo enis ganviTarebis ZiriTad xazs mihyveba.<br />
qarTuli enis ganviTarebis garkveul etapze, rodesac inversiis yvela labiluri<br />
SemTxveva stabiluri gaxdeba, am formaTa inversiis sakiTxi, albaT, mxolod istoriul<br />
gramatikas SemorCeba, praqtikul gramatikaSi ki `miyvars~ tipis zmnebSi subieqturi<br />
piris niSnebad kvalificirebuli iqneba `manis rigis~ niSnebi da subieqtad _<br />
micemiTSi dasmuli saxeli, xolo obieqtur pirisad _ `vinis rigisa~ da obieqtad _<br />
saxelobiTSi dasmuli saxeli.<br />
magram rogori kvalifikacia SeiZleba mieces am sakamaTo formebs enis ganviTarebis<br />
Tanamedrove etapze?<br />
radganac dRes normad miCneulia `vakeTeb~ tipis zmnebis piris niSanTa mniSvneloba,<br />
amitom es formebi inversiul formebad unda CaiTvalos: maTSi subieqturi piris<br />
niSans saxelobiTSi dasmuli realuri obieqtis gamoxatva akisria, xolo obieqturi<br />
piris niSans _ micemiTSi dasmuli realuri subieqtisa (romelic garda imisa,<br />
rom marTavs zmnas pirSi, iTanxmebs kidec ricxvSi, riTac saxelobiT-formian saxel-<br />
Tan SedarebiT sintaqsurad met aqtiurobas amJRavnebs).<br />
amgvarad, dRes qarTulSi SeiZleba gamovyoT ZiriTadad sami tipis inversiuli<br />
formebi:<br />
1) gardamaval moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnaTa (aqtivTa) da Sesabamisad _ medioaqtivTa<br />
(umefia mas, utiria mas) III seriis formebi.<br />
2) grZnoba-aRqmis gamomxatveli gardauvali statikuri zmnebi (maT Sorisvea mTeli<br />
jgufi pirnakli zmnebisa, romelnic grS piris dakargvis gamo icvlebian mxolod<br />
grO piris mixedviT da inversiul zmnaTa rigSi dgebian, rogoricaa: maciebs, maxvelebs,<br />
mamTqnarebs, mazmorebs, makankalebs da sxv.).<br />
3) pasiuri subieqtis mqone inversiisken gadaxrili gardauvali dinamikuri zmnebi<br />
vnebiTi gvarisa, romelTac grO3-Si meryevi inversia axasiaTebT. maTve SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT<br />
e. w. SesaZleblobis (meWmeva, medgomeba), miCnevis (memwareba, mecotaveba), gunebis<br />
(memRereba, mecineba) vnebiTebic, romelTa yvela forma stabilur inversias<br />
gviCvenebs. amaTgan ukanasknelni (gunebis vnebiTebi) moklebulni arian piris mixedviT<br />
cvalebis unars. amaT rigsve SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT iseTi pirdakarguli zmnebi, rogoricaa<br />
meSveleba me (meSveleba is me).<br />
garda amisa, inversiul zmnaTa ricxvs uerTdeba warmoSobiT gardamavali pirdakarguli<br />
zmnebis mTeli rigi, miRebuli gardamaval zmnaTa II TurmeobiTis analogiiT,<br />
rogoricaa: (netavi) gamagebina me is, rom macemina me is, (xelSi) rom Camagdebina<br />
me is, netavi maCvena me is, netavi maWama me is da sxv. rogorc zemoT vnaxeT, maTi winapari<br />
pirdapiri formebi SualobiTi kontaqtis Sinaarsisaa, amaT ki es Sinaarsi dabinduli<br />
aqvT, radganac maT dakarges grS, moqmedebis iniciatori anu maiZulebeli<br />
piri, xolo moqmedebis realuri Semsrulebeli grO ki, bunebrivia, subieqtad iqna gagebuli.<br />
radganac es formebi aSkarad gardamaval zmnaTa II TurmeobiTis analogiiT<br />
aris miRebuli (rom, netavi gamekeTebina _ rom, netavi gamakeTebina), amitom, vfiqrobT,<br />
isini SeiZleboda I tipSic gangvexila, magram aucilebelia aRiniSnos, rom<br />
maT ara aqvT sxva mwkrivis formebi da icvlebian mxolod grO piris mixedviT (gamagebina,<br />
gagagebina, gaagebina), ris gamoc gancalkevebiT dganan.<br />
rogorc davinaxeT, Tanamedrove qarTulSi inversiul zmnaTa are sakmaod farToa,<br />
amitom maTi ignorireba qarTuli zmnis swavlebis procesSi dauSvebelia.<br />
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