q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a
q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a
lad SegviZlia mivceT subieqturi niSnis kvalifikacia, xolo -s sufiqss ki _ obieqturi niSnisa. ase rom, TviT prof. a. SaniZis mier mocemuli gansazRvris mixedviT grZnoba-aRqmis gamomxatveli zmnebi inversiulad unda miviCnioT. magram Cven zemoT aRvniSneT, rom logikuri movlenis gramatizacia (gramatikul movlenad qceva) xdeba mxolod mas Semdeg, rac igi formalur gamoxatulebasac hpovebs. aris Tu ara grZnoba-aRqmis gamomxatvel zmnebSi micemiTSi dasmuli logikuri subieqti formaluri TvalsazrisiT saTanadod aRniSnuli? _ aris. da mis aRniSvnas iseve didi xnis istoria aqvs, rogorc damiweria tipis zmnebSi: maqvs, miyvars... tipis zmnebSi micemiTSi dasmulma saxelma karga xania moipova zmnis ricxvSi SeTanxmebis unari. grO2 da grO3 (imave RS2 da RS3)-is mravlobiToba zmnaSi dRes aRniSnulia subieqtis mravlobiTobis _ T sufiqsiT: gaqvT Tqven is, isini, giyvarT Tqven is, isini (Sdr. Zv. gqon-an Sen, Tquen, igini, giyuar-an Sen, Tquen, igini). rac Seexeba grO 1 pirs, igi Zvelsave qarTulSi iZens zmnis ricxvSi SeTanxmebis unars; Cveni azriT, Zvel qar- TulSi guaqus Cuen da maqus Cuen formaTa paralelur xmarebaSi asaxuli unda iyos micemiTSi dasmuli saxelis mier zmnis ricxvSi SeTanxmebis Zalis mopovebisa da misi uflebebis damkvidrebisaTvis brZolis suraTi (daaxloebiT iseTive Widilisa, rogoric aris dRes inversiulobisaken gadaxrili zmnebis gr O3 piris mravlobiTis formebSi: ekveceba maT is II ekvecebaT maT is; ekargeba maT is II ekargeba-T maT is 16 . amgvarad, am tipis zmnebSi, zustad ise, rogorc miweria tipis zmnebSi, realurad moqmed pirad gaazrebuli gramatikuli obieqti, rogorc aqtiuri piri, iZens zmnis ricxvSi SeTanxmebis unars, da Tu Zvel qarTulSi saxeli zmnas formaluri niSnebis mixedviT iTanxmebda (dawer-n-a wig-n-i, uyuar-an igini), TandaTan SeTanxmebis sintaqsuri meqanizmi icvleba _ dRes saxeli zmnas iTanxmebs ukve Sinaarsobrivi, logikuri da ara formaluri TvalsazrisiT. amitomac micemiTis sintaqsuri roli Zlierdeba, saxelobiTisa ki sustdeba. amgvarad, aqvs, uyvars... tipis statikur zmnaTagan TandaTan inversiis safuZvelze Camoyalibda axali tipis gardauvali inversiuli zmnebi, romlebic statikuri zmnebisagan gansxvavebiT Seicaven moqmed, aqtiur pirs; dinamikur zmnaTagan ki gansxvavdebian imiT, rom maTi istoriuli gramatikuli subieqti ar emTxveva realur subieqts, aramed realurad igi obieqts warmoadgens. rolebis amgvari Secvla gamoixata imiT, rom micemiTSi dasmulma saxelma, rogorc subieqtma, zmnaSi mravlobiTis niSani gaa- Cina, rac aSkarad miuTiTebs imaze, rom dasaxelebuli zmnebi Tavis winapar, amosaval formebTan SepirispirebiT inversiulnia. am zmnebis statikur (weria tipis) da dinamikur zmnebs Soris saSualo adgili uWiravT. isini, Tu SeiZleba iTqvas, gamoxataven ara ubralod mdgomareobas, aramed garkveuli moqmedebis (siyvarulis, siZulvilis, wyenis, gaWirvebis...) mdgomareobas. 6. zemoT araerTxel mogvixda aRniSvna, rom inversiis safuZveli da pirobebi statikur zmnebSia, romelTac realurad pasiuri gramatikuli subieqti aqvT: rom mar- Tlac pasiuri subieqtis arseboba iwvevs inversias, es iqidanac Cans, rom dRes vnebi- Ti gvaris dinamikuri zmnebic ki, romelTac pasiuri subieqti aqvT, inversiis tendencias iCenen (mag, exatebaT maT momavali, ekvecebaT maT bolo, ekiTxebaT maT leqcia...) 17 , maSin rodesac am tendenciisagan Tavisufalia dinamikuri vnebiTisave, oRond aqtiur subieqtiani zmnebi (rogoricaa emaleba is maT, eSveleba is maT, etmasneba is maT...). amgvarad, inversiis procesi dResac moqmedi procesia da sul ufro ifarToebs moqmedebis ares. igi moicavs sul ufro farTo jgufs saerTod pasiursubieqtiani zmnebisas da Tanamedrove qarTuli enis zmnis uRlebis sistemaSi mtkiced imkvidrebs 16 ix. d. meliqiSvili, `m- da gu- prefiqsTa urTierTobisaTvis~, Tsu XVII samecn. sesia, filologiis fakulteti, muSaobis gegma da Tezisebi 1974 w. 21-24 maisi, gv. 32-33. 17 am jgufs miekuTvneba e. w. gunebis, SesaZleblobis, miCnevis vnebiTebic (memRereba, meWmeva, mecotaveba), romelTagan pirvels dakarguli aqvs grS: emRereba mas. 32
Tavis adgils. es procesi enis ganviTarebis Sinagan kanonzomierebaTa erT-erTi gamovlinebaa da qarTuli saliteraturo enis ganviTarebis ZiriTad xazs mihyveba. qarTuli enis ganviTarebis garkveul etapze, rodesac inversiis yvela labiluri SemTxveva stabiluri gaxdeba, am formaTa inversiis sakiTxi, albaT, mxolod istoriul gramatikas SemorCeba, praqtikul gramatikaSi ki `miyvars~ tipis zmnebSi subieqturi piris niSnebad kvalificirebuli iqneba `manis rigis~ niSnebi da subieqtad _ micemiTSi dasmuli saxeli, xolo obieqtur pirisad _ `vinis rigisa~ da obieqtad _ saxelobiTSi dasmuli saxeli. magram rogori kvalifikacia SeiZleba mieces am sakamaTo formebs enis ganviTarebis Tanamedrove etapze? radganac dRes normad miCneulia `vakeTeb~ tipis zmnebis piris niSanTa mniSvneloba, amitom es formebi inversiul formebad unda CaiTvalos: maTSi subieqturi piris niSans saxelobiTSi dasmuli realuri obieqtis gamoxatva akisria, xolo obieqturi piris niSans _ micemiTSi dasmuli realuri subieqtisa (romelic garda imisa, rom marTavs zmnas pirSi, iTanxmebs kidec ricxvSi, riTac saxelobiT-formian saxel- Tan SedarebiT sintaqsurad met aqtiurobas amJRavnebs). amgvarad, dRes qarTulSi SeiZleba gamovyoT ZiriTadad sami tipis inversiuli formebi: 1) gardamaval moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnaTa (aqtivTa) da Sesabamisad _ medioaqtivTa (umefia mas, utiria mas) III seriis formebi. 2) grZnoba-aRqmis gamomxatveli gardauvali statikuri zmnebi (maT Sorisvea mTeli jgufi pirnakli zmnebisa, romelnic grS piris dakargvis gamo icvlebian mxolod grO piris mixedviT da inversiul zmnaTa rigSi dgebian, rogoricaa: maciebs, maxvelebs, mamTqnarebs, mazmorebs, makankalebs da sxv.). 3) pasiuri subieqtis mqone inversiisken gadaxrili gardauvali dinamikuri zmnebi vnebiTi gvarisa, romelTac grO3-Si meryevi inversia axasiaTebT. maTve SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT e. w. SesaZleblobis (meWmeva, medgomeba), miCnevis (memwareba, mecotaveba), gunebis (memRereba, mecineba) vnebiTebic, romelTa yvela forma stabilur inversias gviCvenebs. amaTgan ukanasknelni (gunebis vnebiTebi) moklebulni arian piris mixedviT cvalebis unars. amaT rigsve SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT iseTi pirdakarguli zmnebi, rogoricaa meSveleba me (meSveleba is me). garda amisa, inversiul zmnaTa ricxvs uerTdeba warmoSobiT gardamavali pirdakarguli zmnebis mTeli rigi, miRebuli gardamaval zmnaTa II TurmeobiTis analogiiT, rogoricaa: (netavi) gamagebina me is, rom macemina me is, (xelSi) rom Camagdebina me is, netavi maCvena me is, netavi maWama me is da sxv. rogorc zemoT vnaxeT, maTi winapari pirdapiri formebi SualobiTi kontaqtis Sinaarsisaa, amaT ki es Sinaarsi dabinduli aqvT, radganac maT dakarges grS, moqmedebis iniciatori anu maiZulebeli piri, xolo moqmedebis realuri Semsrulebeli grO ki, bunebrivia, subieqtad iqna gagebuli. radganac es formebi aSkarad gardamaval zmnaTa II TurmeobiTis analogiiT aris miRebuli (rom, netavi gamekeTebina _ rom, netavi gamakeTebina), amitom, vfiqrobT, isini SeiZleboda I tipSic gangvexila, magram aucilebelia aRiniSnos, rom maT ara aqvT sxva mwkrivis formebi da icvlebian mxolod grO piris mixedviT (gamagebina, gagagebina, gaagebina), ris gamoc gancalkevebiT dganan. rogorc davinaxeT, Tanamedrove qarTulSi inversiul zmnaTa are sakmaod farToa, amitom maTi ignorireba qarTuli zmnis swavlebis procesSi dauSvebelia. 33
- Page 1 and 2: g a m o c d e b i s e r o v n u l i
- Page 3 and 4: S e s a v a l i `maswavleblis bibli
- Page 5 and 6: lopis kunZuls niSnavs: Πελοπό
- Page 7 and 8: da, roca qaragmas gavxsniT da Zvel
- Page 9 and 10: merme Camodga S e r T u l T a (*501
- Page 11 and 12: 3. Sexewie bolnisis sionis sakurTxe
- Page 13 and 14: gramatikuli subieqti zogierT gardau
- Page 15 and 16: gansakuTrebiT naTlad Cans subieqti
- Page 17 and 18: luri mxare, aramed am zmnebis mniSv
- Page 19 and 20: da, yvarebia, eyvareba; uyvardes, y
- Page 21 and 22: fologiurad gagebuli da dafasebulia
- Page 23 and 24: Tqmulis Semdeg advili gadasawyvetia
- Page 25 and 26: vTqvaT, rom `moaqvs~ da `mohyavs~ i
- Page 27 and 28: gardauvalma zmnebma ki sazogadod in
- Page 29 and 30: dinamikurs, kerZod, gamoxatavs dina
- Page 31: gramatikulma subieqtma sabolood dak
- Page 35 and 36: ⎡ i⎤ sga / ska da qa zmniswineb
- Page 37 and 38: gamoekueTa kldisagan (DE mT 27, 60)
- Page 39 and 40: ma- zmniswini yovelgvari asimilacii
- Page 41 and 42: amitom is I piris myofobis areSi ig
- Page 43 and 44: war- zmniswinis zemoaRniSnuli mniSv
- Page 45 and 46: mimarTulebas gadmoscems; mag.: a R
- Page 47 and 48: 7. uku-, wiaR-. Zvel qarTulSi iSvia
- Page 49 and 50: Sinaarsobrivi an stiluric aris, ker
- Page 51 and 52: lian xSirad aris warmodgenili erTi
- Page 53 and 54: seburi daboloebiTac, magaliTad: ibm
- Page 55 and 56: tipis vnebiTebSic (gaTbnen, aSendne
- Page 57 and 58: g. orpiriani vnebiTi gvaris zmnebis
- Page 59 and 60: zog SemTxvevaSi gamoCndeba), magram
- Page 61 and 62: saTvis. asea sil. xundaZesTan, ias.
- Page 63 and 64: 1. awmyosagan iwarmoeba (`awmdgomis
- Page 65 and 66: gan gansxvavebiT, TurmeobiTi meore,
- Page 67 and 68: axsna mecnierebis mizans warmoadgen
- Page 69 and 70: TulSi gvaqvs (ubrZanebies, dauteveb
- Page 71 and 72: Zveli qarTulis ZeglebSi ar mogvepov
- Page 73 and 74: struqciis ganviTarebis meqanizmi? T
- Page 75 and 76: velSi SeiZleba warmodgenili iyos pi
- Page 77 and 78: viCnioT. sailustraciod SeiZleba pir
- Page 79 and 80: nareobs -en sufiqsisagan, romlic zm
- Page 81 and 82: neboda imis codna, -a enacvleba Cve
lad SegviZlia mivceT subieqturi niSnis kvalifikacia, xolo -s sufiqss ki _ obieqturi<br />
niSnisa. ase rom, TviT prof. a. SaniZis mier mocemuli gansazRvris mixedviT<br />
grZnoba-aRqmis gamomxatveli zmnebi inversiulad unda miviCnioT. magram Cven zemoT<br />
aRvniSneT, rom logikuri movlenis gramatizacia (gramatikul movlenad qceva) xdeba<br />
mxolod mas Semdeg, rac igi formalur gamoxatulebasac hpovebs.<br />
aris Tu ara grZnoba-aRqmis gamomxatvel zmnebSi micemiTSi dasmuli logikuri subieqti<br />
formaluri TvalsazrisiT saTanadod aRniSnuli? _ aris. da mis aRniSvnas iseve<br />
didi xnis istoria aqvs, rogorc damiweria tipis zmnebSi: maqvs, miyvars... tipis<br />
zmnebSi micemiTSi dasmulma saxelma karga xania moipova zmnis ricxvSi SeTanxmebis<br />
unari. grO2 da grO3 (imave RS2 da RS3)-is mravlobiToba zmnaSi dRes aRniSnulia subieqtis<br />
mravlobiTobis _ T sufiqsiT: gaqvT Tqven is, isini, giyvarT Tqven is, isini<br />
(Sdr. Zv. gqon-an Sen, Tquen, igini, giyuar-an Sen, Tquen, igini). rac Seexeba grO 1 pirs,<br />
igi Zvelsave qarTulSi iZens zmnis ricxvSi SeTanxmebis unars; Cveni azriT, Zvel qar-<br />
TulSi guaqus Cuen da maqus Cuen formaTa paralelur xmarebaSi asaxuli unda iyos<br />
micemiTSi dasmuli saxelis mier zmnis ricxvSi SeTanxmebis Zalis mopovebisa da misi<br />
uflebebis damkvidrebisaTvis brZolis suraTi (daaxloebiT iseTive Widilisa, rogoric<br />
aris dRes inversiulobisaken gadaxrili zmnebis gr O3 piris mravlobiTis formebSi:<br />
ekveceba maT is II ekvecebaT maT is; ekargeba maT is II ekargeba-T maT is 16 .<br />
amgvarad, am tipis zmnebSi, zustad ise, rogorc miweria tipis zmnebSi, realurad<br />
moqmed pirad gaazrebuli gramatikuli obieqti, rogorc aqtiuri piri, iZens zmnis<br />
ricxvSi SeTanxmebis unars, da Tu Zvel qarTulSi saxeli zmnas formaluri niSnebis<br />
mixedviT iTanxmebda (dawer-n-a wig-n-i, uyuar-an igini), TandaTan SeTanxmebis sintaqsuri<br />
meqanizmi icvleba _ dRes saxeli zmnas iTanxmebs ukve Sinaarsobrivi, logikuri<br />
da ara formaluri TvalsazrisiT. amitomac micemiTis sintaqsuri roli Zlierdeba,<br />
saxelobiTisa ki sustdeba.<br />
amgvarad, aqvs, uyvars... tipis statikur zmnaTagan TandaTan inversiis safuZvelze<br />
Camoyalibda axali tipis gardauvali inversiuli zmnebi, romlebic statikuri zmnebisagan<br />
gansxvavebiT Seicaven moqmed, aqtiur pirs; dinamikur zmnaTagan ki gansxvavdebian<br />
imiT, rom maTi istoriuli gramatikuli subieqti ar emTxveva realur subieqts,<br />
aramed realurad igi obieqts warmoadgens. rolebis amgvari Secvla gamoixata imiT,<br />
rom micemiTSi dasmulma saxelma, rogorc subieqtma, zmnaSi mravlobiTis niSani gaa-<br />
Cina, rac aSkarad miuTiTebs imaze, rom dasaxelebuli zmnebi Tavis winapar, amosaval<br />
formebTan SepirispirebiT inversiulnia. am zmnebis statikur (weria tipis) da<br />
dinamikur zmnebs Soris saSualo adgili uWiravT. isini, Tu SeiZleba iTqvas, gamoxataven<br />
ara ubralod mdgomareobas, aramed garkveuli moqmedebis (siyvarulis, siZulvilis,<br />
wyenis, gaWirvebis...) mdgomareobas.<br />
6. zemoT araerTxel mogvixda aRniSvna, rom inversiis safuZveli da pirobebi statikur<br />
zmnebSia, romelTac realurad pasiuri gramatikuli subieqti aqvT: rom mar-<br />
Tlac pasiuri subieqtis arseboba iwvevs inversias, es iqidanac Cans, rom dRes vnebi-<br />
Ti gvaris dinamikuri zmnebic ki, romelTac pasiuri subieqti aqvT, inversiis tendencias<br />
iCenen (mag, exatebaT maT momavali, ekvecebaT maT bolo, ekiTxebaT maT leqcia...)<br />
17 , maSin rodesac am tendenciisagan Tavisufalia dinamikuri vnebiTisave, oRond<br />
aqtiur subieqtiani zmnebi (rogoricaa emaleba is maT, eSveleba is maT, etmasneba is<br />
maT...).<br />
amgvarad, inversiis procesi dResac moqmedi procesia da sul ufro ifarToebs<br />
moqmedebis ares. igi moicavs sul ufro farTo jgufs saerTod pasiursubieqtiani<br />
zmnebisas da Tanamedrove qarTuli enis zmnis uRlebis sistemaSi mtkiced imkvidrebs<br />
16 ix. d. meliqiSvili, `m- da gu- prefiqsTa urTierTobisaTvis~, Tsu XVII samecn. sesia, filologiis<br />
fakulteti, muSaobis gegma da Tezisebi 1974 w. 21-24 maisi, gv. 32-33.<br />
17 am jgufs miekuTvneba e. w. gunebis, SesaZleblobis, miCnevis vnebiTebic (memRereba, meWmeva,<br />
mecotaveba), romelTagan pirvels dakarguli aqvs grS: emRereba mas.<br />
32
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