q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a
q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a
mas ar gaaCnia realurad moqmedi piris gageba, e. i. realuri (logikuri) subieqti, Tumca gramatikulad yvelaferi rigzea: saxelobiTSi dasmuli gramatikuli subieqti gamoxatulia subieqtis niSniT (S3-a), xolo micemiTSi dasmuli gramatikuli obieqti _ obieqtis formantiT (O1-m). magram realurad _ gramatikuli subieqti pasiuria, umoqmedoa. amgvarad, statikur zmnaTa gramatikuli subieqti realurad pasiuria; obieqti gramatikuli (sintaqsuri) TvalsazrisiT masTan Tanasworuflebiania (isic mmarTavia, masac sakuTari niSani aqvs zmnaSi), amave dros es obieqti yovelTvis aRmqmelia, mqonebelia, mgrZnobelia, ganmcdelia (mokled _ logikuri subieqtia) da amitom xSirad sulier pirs gamoxatavs, maSin, rodesac masTan kombinaciaSi myofi gramatikuli subieqti, Cveulebriv, aRqmis, qonebis, grZnobis, gancdis sagania (realuri obieqtia), amitom xSirad usuloa. (cxadia, am TvalsazrisiT gadamwyvetia Tavad zmnis semantika). swored amis gamo gramatikuli obieqti, rogorc realurad aqtiuri piri (mdgomareobis an moqmedebis ganmcdeli), metyvelis cnobierebaSi win iwevs da Tavisi aqtiurobiT aWarbebs gramatikul subieqts. amgvarad, molaparakis cnobierebaSi safuZveli eyreba inversiis process, e. i. am process safuZvlad udevs fsiqologiuri faqtori: polipersonaluri bunebis mqone relatiuri statikuri zmna (romlis gramatikuli subieqti da gramatikuli obieqti 11 sintaqsurad Tanasworuflebiania; orive mmarTavia, realurad ki aqtiuri grO meti uflebebiT sargeblobs, vidre pasiuri grS) iZleva misi gramatikuli Sinaarsis logikurad inversiuli SinaarsiT gagebis SesaZleblobas. piris niSanTa funqciebis inversiis mizezi aris polipersonaluri bunebis garkveuli tipis zmnebSi logikurad pasiuri subieqtisa da logikurad aqtiuri obieqtis arseboba; inversiis procesis arsi mdgomareobs molaparakis cnobierebaSi Sinaarsobrivi mxaris win wamowevaSi da Sesabamisad _ logikurad aqtiuri piris saTanado formalur (gramatikul) gaaqtiurebaSi. rogorc vnaxeT, inversiis procesi isaxeba cnobierebis sferoSi. igi garkveul dromde logikis sferoSi rCeba: manam, sanam ar moxdeba misi formaluri gamoxatva, gramatizcia. rodesac es logikuri procesi formalur gamoxatulebas povebs, maSin igi SeiZleba CaiTvalos gramatikul movlenad 12 . 4. rodis moxda inversiis procesis gramatizacia? vnaxoT es statikuri zmnis Sinaarsis ganviTarebis magaliTze. aviRoT igive miweria (is me) forma da ganvagrZoT misi analizi. sanam am tipis zmnaSi realurad moqmedi piris gageba ar arsebobs, igi statikuri Sinaarsisaa. sakmarisia realurad moqmedi piris gageba gaCndes, da es forma SeiZens dinamikur Sinaarss: realurad aqtiuri piris arseboba dinamikuri zmnis mTavari logikuri maxasia- Tebelia. amgvarad, gansxvavebiT statikuri Sinaarsis miweria (is me) formisagan, realurad aqtiuri piris Semcveli miweria (me is) iZens dinamikur Sinaarss. igi ukve gamoxatavs ara mdgomareobas, aramed moqmedebas. magram rogor moqmedebas? Tavdapirvelad igi iTavsebs or Sinaarss: Tavisi amosavali formisas _ statikurs da axals _ 11 qvemoT terminebi saTanado simboloebiT iqneba warmodgenili: gramatikuli subieqti _ grS, gramatikuli obieqti grO, realuri subieqti RS da reluri obieqti RO. 12 sxvaTa Soris, micemiTSi dasmuli saxelis subieqtad gagebis tendencia grZnoba-aRqmis gamomxatvel zmnebSi Tavs iCens evropuli enebis zmnebis mimarTac. amas xazgasmiT aRniSnavs prof. v. Tofuria, romelsac zemoT dasaxelebul statiaSi rusuli enis akademiuri gramatikidan mohyavs amonawerebi, sadac micemiTSi dasmuli forma mdgomareobis Tu gancdili moqmedebis subieqtadaa miCneulia. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs Semdegi magaliTebi: мне спится, мне страшно, мне грустно, мне нужно говоритъ, ему больно и смешно da sxv. magram inversia aq ar SeiZleba iyos gramatikuli movlena, radganac rusul enaSi micemiTSi dasmuli saxeli moklebulia sintaqsur uflebebs: mas ara aqvs zmnis pirSi marTvisa da ricxvSi SeTanxmebis unari. indoevropuli zmna monopersonaluria, xolo inversiis logikuri sferodan gramatikul sferoze (gamoxatulebis planze) gavrceleba SesaZlebelia mxolod polipersonaluri bunebis zmnebSi, sadac iribi obieqti gramatikulad subieqtis Tanasworuflebiania: mmarTavia, Sem- Tanxmebelia, da amdenad, mas aqvs unari Tavisi Tavis zmnaSi aRniSvnisa. 28
dinamikurs, kerZod, gamoxatavs dinamikas warsulSi da statikas awmyoSi anu: warsulSi momxdari moqmedebis Sedegs awmyoSi. amgvarad, statikur zmnaTa inversiaqmnil formebSi isaxeba perfeqtuli Sinaarsis gageba da dasabami eZleva perfeqtul droTa formebis ganviTarebas qarTuli zmnis uRlebis sistemaSi. statikur zmnaTagan ganviTarebulma dinamikurma Sinaarsma TandaTan formaluri gamoxatulebac pova: miweries tipis formebs daerTo zmniswini, da-miweries, rac SesaZlebeli gaxda mxolod mas Semdeg, rac am tipis zmnebma inversiis Sedegad dinamikuri Sinaarsi SeiZines. zmniswinis darTva, dinamikurobis maCvenebeli erT-erTi formaluri maxasiaTeblis (niSnis) gaCena am formebs kidev ufro umkvidrebs dinamikur Sinaarss perfeqtulobis niuansiT _ igulisxmeba dinamika warsulSi: es formebi gamoxataven warsulSi momxdari moqmedebis Sedegs, rezultats (amitom maT Zveli qar- TulisaTvis SeiZleba rezultatiuri formebi ewodos). amgvarad, mas Semdeg, rac (da) uweries (mas igi) zmnaSi micemiTSi dasmuli saxeli gaazrebul iqna subieqtad da TviT am zmnam ki miiRo dinamikuri Sinaarsi, igi bunebrivad iqca gagrZelebad im dinamikuri gardamavali zmnis paradigmisa, romelSic saxelobiTSi dasmuli Sesabamisi piri aris rogorc realuri, ise gramatikuli subieqti, awmyos jgufis ZiriTadi forma vwer (me mas) _ wers (igi mas); aoristis jgufis ZiriTadi forma davwere (me igi) _ dawera (man igi), dabolos, perfeqtuli jgufis ZiriTadi forma _ damiweries (me igi) _ dauweries (mas igi), romelic gamoxatavs warsulSi momxdari moqmedebis Sedegs awmyoSi (awmyos rezultativi). aqedan ganviTarda am formaTa erT-erTi Ziri- Tadi (dRes yvelaze gamokveTili) Sinaarsobrivi niuansi unaxaoba, TurmeobiToba, e. w. unaxavi aqtis gageba: awmyoSi vxedavT Sedegs im moqmedebisas, romelic warsulSi momxdara. da ase gagrZelda mTels sistemaSi kanonzomierad: imave statikuri zmnis wyvetilis formam mogvca dinamikurad gaazrebuli forma damewera (me igi), romelmac gamoxata winare warsulSi momxdari moqmedebis Sedegi warsul droSi (aqedan _ namyos rezultativi anu namyo winarewarsuli); Sesabamisad _ imave statikuri zmnis II kavSirebiTis formis inversiisa da gadinamikurebis gziT miviReT mesame formac dameweros (me igi), sadac warsulSi momxdari moqmedebis Sedegi Cans momavalSi (momavlis rezultativi). amgvarad, statikur zmnaTa inversiaqmnilma gadinamikurebulma (dinamikurad gadaazrebulma) formebma gaagrZeles moqmedebiTi gvaris dinamikur zmnaTa paradigma 13 da Seavses is xarvezi, romelic qarTuli zmnis uRlebis sistemas hqonda: kerZod, warmoiSva perfeqtul droTa formebi. magram paradigmis gagrZeleba da Sevseba ase martivad ar dasrulebula. jer erTi, es Seexo ara mxolod gardamaval zmnebs, aramed moicva qarTuli zmnis uRlebis mTeli sistema: kerZod, analituri, aRweriTi warmoebis statikurma formebma daxatul var _ daxatul viyav _ daxatul viyo tipisa mogvca gardauvali dinamikuri zmnis awmyos, namyos da myofadis rezultatiuri sinTeturi formebi davxatulvar... da sxv. (saidanac Semdgom imave mizeziT, rac zemoT, ganviTarda TurmeobiTobis, unaxaobis Sinaarsi). xolo, rac Seexeba dinamikur gardamaval zmnaTa paradigmis gagrZelebas, rogorc mosalodneli iyo, Senacvlebulma statikurma formebma (mixaties, mikeTies...) dairTes dinamikurobis kidev erTi niSani _ paradigmis sawyisi (awmyos) formebis maxasiaTebeli Sesabamisi Tematuri sufiqsebi (vxat-av _ damixat-av-s, vakeT-eb _ gamikeT-eb-ies), riTac formaluradac daemsgavsnen maT. (_eb Tematur sufiqsian zmnebSi es procesi ufro Sors wavida da analogiiT gavrcelda e. w. II TurmeobiTis formebzec: gameke- Ta _ gamekeT-eb-ia _ gamekeT-eb-in-a). amgvarad, statikur zmnaTa inversiis Sedegad qarTuli zmnis uRlebis sistemaSi TandaTan Camoyalibda dro-kiloTa sruliad axali jgufi, romelic dRes III seriis 13 am sakiTxis irgvliv dawvrilebiT ix. n. naTaZe, mesame seriis dro-kiloTa warmoebisaTvis qarTulSi, ike, t. VII, Tb., 1955 w. 29
- Page 1 and 2: g a m o c d e b i s e r o v n u l i
- Page 3 and 4: S e s a v a l i `maswavleblis bibli
- Page 5 and 6: lopis kunZuls niSnavs: Πελοπό
- Page 7 and 8: da, roca qaragmas gavxsniT da Zvel
- Page 9 and 10: merme Camodga S e r T u l T a (*501
- Page 11 and 12: 3. Sexewie bolnisis sionis sakurTxe
- Page 13 and 14: gramatikuli subieqti zogierT gardau
- Page 15 and 16: gansakuTrebiT naTlad Cans subieqti
- Page 17 and 18: luri mxare, aramed am zmnebis mniSv
- Page 19 and 20: da, yvarebia, eyvareba; uyvardes, y
- Page 21 and 22: fologiurad gagebuli da dafasebulia
- Page 23 and 24: Tqmulis Semdeg advili gadasawyvetia
- Page 25 and 26: vTqvaT, rom `moaqvs~ da `mohyavs~ i
- Page 27: gardauvalma zmnebma ki sazogadod in
- Page 31 and 32: gramatikulma subieqtma sabolood dak
- Page 33 and 34: Tavis adgils. es procesi enis ganvi
- Page 35 and 36: ⎡ i⎤ sga / ska da qa zmniswineb
- Page 37 and 38: gamoekueTa kldisagan (DE mT 27, 60)
- Page 39 and 40: ma- zmniswini yovelgvari asimilacii
- Page 41 and 42: amitom is I piris myofobis areSi ig
- Page 43 and 44: war- zmniswinis zemoaRniSnuli mniSv
- Page 45 and 46: mimarTulebas gadmoscems; mag.: a R
- Page 47 and 48: 7. uku-, wiaR-. Zvel qarTulSi iSvia
- Page 49 and 50: Sinaarsobrivi an stiluric aris, ker
- Page 51 and 52: lian xSirad aris warmodgenili erTi
- Page 53 and 54: seburi daboloebiTac, magaliTad: ibm
- Page 55 and 56: tipis vnebiTebSic (gaTbnen, aSendne
- Page 57 and 58: g. orpiriani vnebiTi gvaris zmnebis
- Page 59 and 60: zog SemTxvevaSi gamoCndeba), magram
- Page 61 and 62: saTvis. asea sil. xundaZesTan, ias.
- Page 63 and 64: 1. awmyosagan iwarmoeba (`awmdgomis
- Page 65 and 66: gan gansxvavebiT, TurmeobiTi meore,
- Page 67 and 68: axsna mecnierebis mizans warmoadgen
- Page 69 and 70: TulSi gvaqvs (ubrZanebies, dauteveb
- Page 71 and 72: Zveli qarTulis ZeglebSi ar mogvepov
- Page 73 and 74: struqciis ganviTarebis meqanizmi? T
- Page 75 and 76: velSi SeiZleba warmodgenili iyos pi
- Page 77 and 78: viCnioT. sailustraciod SeiZleba pir
mas ar gaaCnia realurad moqmedi piris gageba, e. i. realuri (logikuri) subieqti,<br />
Tumca gramatikulad yvelaferi rigzea: saxelobiTSi dasmuli gramatikuli subieqti<br />
gamoxatulia subieqtis niSniT (S3-a), xolo micemiTSi dasmuli gramatikuli obieqti<br />
_ obieqtis formantiT (O1-m). magram realurad _ gramatikuli subieqti pasiuria,<br />
umoqmedoa.<br />
amgvarad, statikur zmnaTa gramatikuli subieqti realurad pasiuria; obieqti gramatikuli<br />
(sintaqsuri) TvalsazrisiT masTan Tanasworuflebiania (isic mmarTavia, masac<br />
sakuTari niSani aqvs zmnaSi), amave dros es obieqti yovelTvis aRmqmelia, mqonebelia,<br />
mgrZnobelia, ganmcdelia (mokled _ logikuri subieqtia) da amitom xSirad sulier<br />
pirs gamoxatavs, maSin, rodesac masTan kombinaciaSi myofi gramatikuli subieqti,<br />
Cveulebriv, aRqmis, qonebis, grZnobis, gancdis sagania (realuri obieqtia), amitom<br />
xSirad usuloa. (cxadia, am TvalsazrisiT gadamwyvetia Tavad zmnis semantika).<br />
swored amis gamo gramatikuli obieqti, rogorc realurad aqtiuri piri (mdgomareobis<br />
an moqmedebis ganmcdeli), metyvelis cnobierebaSi win iwevs da Tavisi aqtiurobiT<br />
aWarbebs gramatikul subieqts. amgvarad, molaparakis cnobierebaSi safuZveli eyreba<br />
inversiis process, e. i. am process safuZvlad udevs fsiqologiuri faqtori: polipersonaluri<br />
bunebis mqone relatiuri statikuri zmna (romlis gramatikuli subieqti<br />
da gramatikuli obieqti 11 sintaqsurad Tanasworuflebiania; orive mmarTavia,<br />
realurad ki aqtiuri grO meti uflebebiT sargeblobs, vidre pasiuri grS) iZleva misi<br />
gramatikuli Sinaarsis logikurad inversiuli SinaarsiT gagebis SesaZleblobas.<br />
piris niSanTa funqciebis inversiis mizezi aris polipersonaluri bunebis garkveuli<br />
tipis zmnebSi logikurad pasiuri subieqtisa da logikurad aqtiuri obieqtis arseboba;<br />
inversiis procesis arsi mdgomareobs molaparakis cnobierebaSi Sinaarsobrivi<br />
mxaris win wamowevaSi da Sesabamisad _ logikurad aqtiuri piris saTanado formalur<br />
(gramatikul) gaaqtiurebaSi. rogorc vnaxeT, inversiis procesi isaxeba cnobierebis<br />
sferoSi. igi garkveul dromde logikis sferoSi rCeba: manam, sanam ar moxdeba<br />
misi formaluri gamoxatva, gramatizcia. rodesac es logikuri procesi formalur<br />
gamoxatulebas povebs, maSin igi SeiZleba CaiTvalos gramatikul movlenad 12 .<br />
4. rodis moxda inversiis procesis gramatizacia?<br />
vnaxoT es statikuri zmnis Sinaarsis ganviTarebis magaliTze.<br />
aviRoT igive miweria (is me) forma da ganvagrZoT misi analizi. sanam am tipis<br />
zmnaSi realurad moqmedi piris gageba ar arsebobs, igi statikuri Sinaarsisaa. sakmarisia<br />
realurad moqmedi piris gageba gaCndes, da es forma SeiZens dinamikur Sinaarss:<br />
realurad aqtiuri piris arseboba dinamikuri zmnis mTavari logikuri maxasia-<br />
Tebelia. amgvarad, gansxvavebiT statikuri Sinaarsis miweria (is me) formisagan, realurad<br />
aqtiuri piris Semcveli miweria (me is) iZens dinamikur Sinaarss. igi ukve gamoxatavs<br />
ara mdgomareobas, aramed moqmedebas. magram rogor moqmedebas? Tavdapirvelad<br />
igi iTavsebs or Sinaarss: Tavisi amosavali formisas _ statikurs da axals _<br />
11 qvemoT terminebi saTanado simboloebiT iqneba warmodgenili: gramatikuli subieqti _ grS,<br />
gramatikuli obieqti grO, realuri subieqti RS da reluri obieqti RO.<br />
12 sxvaTa Soris, micemiTSi dasmuli saxelis subieqtad gagebis tendencia grZnoba-aRqmis gamomxatvel<br />
zmnebSi Tavs iCens evropuli enebis zmnebis mimarTac. amas xazgasmiT aRniSnavs<br />
prof. v. Tofuria, romelsac zemoT dasaxelebul statiaSi rusuli enis akademiuri gramatikidan<br />
mohyavs amonawerebi, sadac micemiTSi dasmuli forma mdgomareobis Tu gancdili moqmedebis<br />
subieqtadaa miCneulia. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs Semdegi magaliTebi: мне спится, мне страшно,<br />
мне грустно, мне нужно говоритъ, ему больно и смешно da sxv. magram inversia aq ar SeiZleba<br />
iyos gramatikuli movlena, radganac rusul enaSi micemiTSi dasmuli saxeli moklebulia<br />
sintaqsur uflebebs: mas ara aqvs zmnis pirSi marTvisa da ricxvSi SeTanxmebis unari. indoevropuli<br />
zmna monopersonaluria, xolo inversiis logikuri sferodan gramatikul sferoze<br />
(gamoxatulebis planze) gavrceleba SesaZlebelia mxolod polipersonaluri bunebis<br />
zmnebSi, sadac iribi obieqti gramatikulad subieqtis Tanasworuflebiania: mmarTavia, Sem-<br />
Tanxmebelia, da amdenad, mas aqvs unari Tavisi Tavis zmnaSi aRniSvnisa.<br />
28
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