q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a
q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a
`miWirs~ zmna da maswavleblis gasaWiri 1 26 damana meliqiSvili qarTuli enis gramatikis programisa da saxelmZRvaneloebis gantvirTva zogierTi zerTuli da praqtikuli saWiroebisagan mowyvetili masalisagan saSuri saqmea; magram Tavad maswavlebeli yovelTvis mzad unda iyos nebismieri rTuli gramatikuli movlenis gansamartavad, Tuki amis saWiroeba gakveTilis procesSi gaCndeba. inversiul zmnebTan dakavSirebiT maswavleblis winaSe garkveuli sirTuleebi wamoiWreba, romlis gadaWras isaxavs miznad am statiis avtori. 1. inversiis arseboba qarTul zmnaSi sayovelTaod cnobili faqtia. nebismier moswavles rom vkiTxoT, maqvs, miyvars, momwons, mwyins, mwams... da msgavs zmnebSi moqmedi piri, subieqti romeliao, uyoymanod pirvel pirs dagvisaxelebs. aseve: gaqvs.., aqvs.., formebSi Sesabamisad _ II da III pirs. eWvs gareSea, rom am tipis (grZnoba-aRqmis gamomxatvel) zmnebSi Tanamedrove qarTveli kacis cnobierebaSi subieqtad micemiTSi dasmuli saxeli aRiqmeba. xalxi, `enis kanonis damdebi~, rogorc ilia ityoda, ase fiqrobs. magram... gramatikul literaturaSi subieqtis sakiTxi amgvar zmnebTan karga xania sadavo gamxdara 2 . da radganac sadavoa, amitom saskolo gramatikis saxelmZRvanelodan igi saer- Tod amoRebulia. maswavleblebi swavlebis procesSi amgvar zmnebs, ramdenadac SeiZleba, gverds uvlian, magram, samwuxarod (Tu sabednierod), es zmnebi iseTi xSiri saxmarisia, amasTanave, isini TandaTan ise ifarToeben ares, rom saSinao da saklaso savarjiSoebis Sesrulebisas moswavleebi maT wamdauwum, yovel nabijze xvdebian. maswavlebeli, romelsac SemTxveviT `wamoufrindeba~ romelime `miWirs~ zmna gakve- Tilze, marTlac did gaWirvebaSi vardeba: bavSvebi gahyvirian, `me qvemdebareao~. maswavlebelic, cxadia, gonebiT bavSvebis mxarezea, magram ra qmnas, rodesac morfologiis saskolo saxelmZRvaneloSi sakuTriv am tipis zmnebis subieqtis Sesaxeb araferia naTqvami 3 , sintaqsis saxelmZRvaneloSi ki weria, rom `gardauvali zmnis me-3 piris formasTan Sewyobili qvemdebare yovelTvis saxelobiTSiao~, xolo saTanado adgilas (`qvemdebaruli damokidebuli winadadebis raoba~) savarjiSoebSi motanili winadadebebis mixedviT SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom saxelmZRvanelos avtorebi romelime `etyoba~ zmnisaTvis qvemdebared saxelobiTSi dasmul saxels miiCneven (`saxis moZraobaze etyoboda, rom grZnobis als mTlad moebura misi arseba~ _ aq damokidebuli winadadeba miCneulia qvemdebarul saxisad). Tu maswavlebeli bavSvs daeTanxmeba da ityvis, rom qvemdebare (subieqti) micemiTSi dasmuli saxeliao, ra daarqvas saxelobiTSi dasmul saxels maSin, rodesac bavSvebma ician, rom damatebebidan (obieqtebidan) saxelobiT brunvaSi mxolod pirdapiri SeiZleba idges? maSasadame, mdgomareoba specifikuria, bevr siZnelesTanaa dakavSirebuli da gramatikuli movlenebis kvalifikaciis gadasinjvas moiTxovs. da gana amitom skolaSi Tvali unda davxuWoT da dumiliT avuaroT gverdi qarTuli zmnisaTvis damaxasiaTebel am metad mniSvnelovan movlenas? magram ase grZeldeba wlebis ganmavlobaSi: bavSvebi sruliad gaucnobiereblad izepireben, rom `qarTulSi inversia axasiaTebs marto gardamaval zmnebs III seriaSi. 1 qarTuli ena daliteratura skolaSi, #4, 1978. 2 amis Sesaxeb ix. a. SaniZe, gramatikuli subieqti zogierT gardauval zmnasTan qarTulSi, Zveli qarTuli enis kaTedris Sromebi, t. 7, 1961 w. gv. 209. 3 Tumca maswavlebeli saWiro SemTxvevaSi, cxadia, xelmZRvanelobs a. SaniZis `qarTuli enis gramatikis safuZvlebiT~, sadac inversiul formebTan dakavSirebiT Semdegi azria gatarebuli: `piris niSanTa inversias garkveuli adgili uWiravs zmnaTa uRlebis sistemaSi: is gvxvdeba marto III seriis formebSi da isic gardamaval zmnebSi, gardauvalma zmnebma sazogadod inversia ar icis...~ (a. SaniZe, qarTuli enis gramatikis safuZvlebi, 1973, $241, gv. 197).
gardauvalma zmnebma ki sazogadod inversia ar icis~; magram es mxolod Teoriulad, praqtikulad ki grZnoba-aRqmis zmnebTan isini subieqtad micemiTSi dasmul saxels miiCneven, rac am tipis gardauval zmnebSi swored inversiis arsebobas adasturebs. qarTuli enis gramatikis am metad saWirboroto da sadavo sakiTxs prof. varlam Tofuriam specialuri werili uZRvna, romelic TerTmeti wlis win daibeWda swored am Jurnalis furclebze. 4 statiaSi sruliad garkveviT da damajereblad aris dasabuTebuli upirveles yovlisa is, rom, radganac sakiTxi exeba `mTel jgufs zmnebisas, amitom saxelmZRvaneloSi misi sul gamotoveba SeuZlebelia~ da rom `grZnobaaRqmis gamomxatveli obieqturi wyobis mqone saSualo gvaris zmnebi analogiur viTarebas gviCveneben gardamaval zmnaTa III seriis formebTan: es zmnebic inversiulia~ 5 . magram, samwuxarod, es sakiTxi dRemde ar mogvarebula da saskolo gramatikis saxelmZRvanelo kvlav dums amis Taobaze. 2. is faqti, rom grZnoba-aRqmis gamomxatvel zmnebTan qarTulSi micemiTSi dasmuli saxelia gagebuli subieqtad, Tavis droze kargad SeniSna akad. niko marma. Tavis `ZiriTad tabulebSi~ 6 man calke adgili miuCina da gamoyo gansakuTrebuli, `obieqturi wyobis~ mqone zmnebis jgufi, romelic arsebiTad gansxvavdeba danarCeni zmnebisagan. aseTive interpretacia misca am tipis zmnebs moris briermac, romelmac maris TanaavtorobiT 1931 wels parizSi frangul enaze gamosca didi naSromi `qarTuli ena~ 7 . dabolos, am tipis zmnaTa Camoyalibebis procesis arsis gageba mZlavri mecnieruli argumentaciiT da uxvi enobrivi masalis safuZvelze mogvca prof. arnold Ciqobavam Tavis fundamentur naSromSi `martivi winadadebis problema qar- TulSi~ 8 da statiaSi `martivi winadadebis evoluciis ZiriTadi tendenciebi qar- TulSi~ 9 . am naSromebSi sakiTxi gacilebiT ufro farTod ismis: qarTuli saliteraturo enis ganviTarebis mTel manZilze micemiTi brunvis sintaqsuri rolis gaZliereba da Sesabamisad _ saxelobiTSi dasmuli obieqtis sintaqsuri rolis Sesusteba, rac moicavs CvenTvis saintereso zmnebsac da, saerTod, inversiis procesis Casaxvasa da ganviTarebas qarTul zmnaSi. 3. inversiis process qarTul zmnaSi sakmaod xangrZlivi istoria aqvs. es movlena qarTuli enis istoriis erT-erTi yvelaze saintereso da mniSvnelovani ubania. inversiis procesi qarTuli zmnis bunebidan (kerZod, misi polipersonalizmidan) gamomdinare kanonzomieri procesia. swored inversiis procesi gaxda erT-erTi mizezi da safuZveli qarTuli enis sintaqsSi im didi Zvrebisa, romlebmac enis sistemaSi sxva cvlilebebTan erTad Zveli qarTuli mkveTrad gamijna axali qarTulisagan. ra aris inversia? rogorc prof. akaki SaniZe wers, `inversia hqvia Seqcevas, anu Sebrunebas, romelic sazogadod Tavs iCens rigis SemTxvevaSi~. 10 zmnaSi inversia `Tavs iCens~ piris niSanTa funqciebis SenarCunebaSi. magram es ukve Sedegia, gamovlinebaa, gamoxatulebaa garkveuli procesisa da ara safuZveli, mizezi, arsi. ra aris inversiis safuZveli? raSi mdgomareobs inversiis procesis arsi? aris Tu ara inversia gramatikuli movlena? aviRoT nebismieri statikuri zmnis relatiuri forma, davuSvaT, miweria is me (Zv.: miweries igi me). rogorc statikuri zmna, igi ar Seicavs moqmedi piris gagebas. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, radganac es zmna mdgomareobas gamoxatavs da ara moqmedebas, 4 ix. v. Tofuria, qarTuli enis gramatikis sadavo sakiTxebi, `qarTuli ena da literatura skolaSi~, #3, 1977 w., gv. 3. 5 v. Tofuria, dasax. naSr., gv. 7. 6 Н. Марр, Основные таблицы, tab. XIX, XX. 7 N. Marr et M. Brière, La langue géorgienne, Paris, 1931. 8 arn. Ciqobava, `martivi winadadebis problema qarTulSi~, meore gamocema, Tbilisi, 1968 w. 9 arn. Ciqobava, martivi winadadebis evoluciis ZiriTadi tendenciebi qarTulSi. ix. iqve, damateba II, gv. 269. 10 a. SaniZe, qarTuli enis gramatikis safuZvlebi, I, 1973, gv. 195. 27
- Page 1 and 2: g a m o c d e b i s e r o v n u l i
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- Page 9 and 10: merme Camodga S e r T u l T a (*501
- Page 11 and 12: 3. Sexewie bolnisis sionis sakurTxe
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- Page 15 and 16: gansakuTrebiT naTlad Cans subieqti
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- Page 19 and 20: da, yvarebia, eyvareba; uyvardes, y
- Page 21 and 22: fologiurad gagebuli da dafasebulia
- Page 23 and 24: Tqmulis Semdeg advili gadasawyvetia
- Page 25: vTqvaT, rom `moaqvs~ da `mohyavs~ i
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- Page 31 and 32: gramatikulma subieqtma sabolood dak
- Page 33 and 34: Tavis adgils. es procesi enis ganvi
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- Page 59 and 60: zog SemTxvevaSi gamoCndeba), magram
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gardauvalma zmnebma ki sazogadod inversia ar icis~; magram es mxolod Teoriulad,<br />
praqtikulad ki grZnoba-aRqmis zmnebTan isini subieqtad micemiTSi dasmul saxels<br />
miiCneven, rac am tipis gardauval zmnebSi swored inversiis arsebobas adasturebs.<br />
qarTuli enis gramatikis am metad saWirboroto da sadavo sakiTxs prof. varlam<br />
Tofuriam specialuri werili uZRvna, romelic TerTmeti wlis win daibeWda swored<br />
am Jurnalis furclebze. 4 statiaSi sruliad garkveviT da damajereblad aris dasabuTebuli<br />
upirveles yovlisa is, rom, radganac sakiTxi exeba `mTel jgufs zmnebisas,<br />
amitom saxelmZRvaneloSi misi sul gamotoveba SeuZlebelia~ da rom `grZnobaaRqmis<br />
gamomxatveli obieqturi wyobis mqone saSualo gvaris zmnebi analogiur viTarebas<br />
gviCveneben gardamaval zmnaTa III seriis formebTan: es zmnebic inversiulia~ 5 .<br />
magram, samwuxarod, es sakiTxi dRemde ar mogvarebula da saskolo gramatikis<br />
saxelmZRvanelo kvlav dums amis Taobaze.<br />
2. is faqti, rom grZnoba-aRqmis gamomxatvel zmnebTan qarTulSi micemiTSi dasmuli<br />
saxelia gagebuli subieqtad, Tavis droze kargad SeniSna akad. niko marma. Tavis<br />
`ZiriTad tabulebSi~ 6 man calke adgili miuCina da gamoyo gansakuTrebuli, `obieqturi<br />
wyobis~ mqone zmnebis jgufi, romelic arsebiTad gansxvavdeba danarCeni zmnebisagan.<br />
aseTive interpretacia misca am tipis zmnebs moris briermac, romelmac maris<br />
TanaavtorobiT 1931 wels parizSi frangul enaze gamosca didi naSromi `qarTuli<br />
ena~ 7 . dabolos, am tipis zmnaTa Camoyalibebis procesis arsis gageba mZlavri<br />
mecnieruli argumentaciiT da uxvi enobrivi masalis safuZvelze mogvca prof. arnold<br />
Ciqobavam Tavis fundamentur naSromSi `martivi winadadebis problema qar-<br />
TulSi~ 8 da statiaSi `martivi winadadebis evoluciis ZiriTadi tendenciebi qar-<br />
TulSi~ 9 . am naSromebSi sakiTxi gacilebiT ufro farTod ismis: qarTuli saliteraturo<br />
enis ganviTarebis mTel manZilze micemiTi brunvis sintaqsuri rolis gaZliereba<br />
da Sesabamisad _ saxelobiTSi dasmuli obieqtis sintaqsuri rolis Sesusteba,<br />
rac moicavs CvenTvis saintereso zmnebsac da, saerTod, inversiis procesis Casaxvasa<br />
da ganviTarebas qarTul zmnaSi.<br />
3. inversiis process qarTul zmnaSi sakmaod xangrZlivi istoria aqvs. es movlena<br />
qarTuli enis istoriis erT-erTi yvelaze saintereso da mniSvnelovani ubania. inversiis<br />
procesi qarTuli zmnis bunebidan (kerZod, misi polipersonalizmidan) gamomdinare<br />
kanonzomieri procesia. swored inversiis procesi gaxda erT-erTi mizezi<br />
da safuZveli qarTuli enis sintaqsSi im didi Zvrebisa, romlebmac enis sistemaSi<br />
sxva cvlilebebTan erTad Zveli qarTuli mkveTrad gamijna axali qarTulisagan.<br />
ra aris inversia? rogorc prof. akaki SaniZe wers, `inversia hqvia Seqcevas, anu<br />
Sebrunebas, romelic sazogadod Tavs iCens rigis SemTxvevaSi~. 10<br />
zmnaSi inversia `Tavs iCens~ piris niSanTa funqciebis SenarCunebaSi. magram es ukve<br />
Sedegia, gamovlinebaa, gamoxatulebaa garkveuli procesisa da ara safuZveli, mizezi,<br />
arsi.<br />
ra aris inversiis safuZveli? raSi mdgomareobs inversiis procesis arsi? aris<br />
Tu ara inversia gramatikuli movlena?<br />
aviRoT nebismieri statikuri zmnis relatiuri forma, davuSvaT, miweria is me (Zv.:<br />
miweries igi me). rogorc statikuri zmna, igi ar Seicavs moqmedi piris gagebas.<br />
sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, radganac es zmna mdgomareobas gamoxatavs da ara moqmedebas,<br />
4 ix. v. Tofuria, qarTuli enis gramatikis sadavo sakiTxebi, `qarTuli ena da literatura<br />
skolaSi~, #3, 1977 w., gv. 3.<br />
5 v. Tofuria, dasax. naSr., gv. 7.<br />
6 Н. Марр, Основные таблицы, tab. XIX, XX.<br />
7 N. Marr et M. Brière, La langue géorgienne, Paris, 1931.<br />
8 arn. Ciqobava, `martivi winadadebis problema qarTulSi~, meore gamocema, Tbilisi, 1968 w.<br />
9 arn. Ciqobava, martivi winadadebis evoluciis ZiriTadi tendenciebi qarTulSi. ix. iqve, damateba<br />
II, gv. 269.<br />
10 a. SaniZe, qarTuli enis gramatikis safuZvlebi, I, 1973, gv. 195.<br />
27
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