q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a

`miWirs~ zmna da maswavleblis gasaWiri 1
26
damana meliqiSvili
qarTuli enis gramatikis programisa da saxelmZRvaneloebis gantvirTva
zogierTi zerTuli da praqtikuli saWiroebisagan mowyvetili masalisagan
saSuri saqmea; magram Tavad maswavlebeli yovelTvis mzad unda iyos nebismieri
rTuli gramatikuli movlenis gansamartavad, Tuki amis saWiroeba gakveTilis
procesSi gaCndeba. inversiul zmnebTan dakavSirebiT maswavleblis
winaSe garkveuli sirTuleebi wamoiWreba, romlis gadaWras isaxavs miznad
am statiis avtori.
1. inversiis arseboba qarTul zmnaSi sayovelTaod cnobili faqtia. nebismier
moswavles rom vkiTxoT, maqvs, miyvars, momwons, mwyins, mwams... da msgavs zmnebSi moqmedi
piri, subieqti romeliao, uyoymanod pirvel pirs dagvisaxelebs. aseve: gaqvs..,
aqvs.., formebSi Sesabamisad _ II da III pirs. eWvs gareSea, rom am tipis (grZnoba-aRqmis
gamomxatvel) zmnebSi Tanamedrove qarTveli kacis cnobierebaSi subieqtad micemiTSi
dasmuli saxeli aRiqmeba.
xalxi, `enis kanonis damdebi~, rogorc ilia ityoda, ase fiqrobs. magram... gramatikul
literaturaSi subieqtis sakiTxi amgvar zmnebTan karga xania sadavo gamxdara
2 . da radganac sadavoa, amitom saskolo gramatikis saxelmZRvanelodan igi saer-
Tod amoRebulia. maswavleblebi swavlebis procesSi amgvar zmnebs, ramdenadac SeiZleba,
gverds uvlian, magram, samwuxarod (Tu sabednierod), es zmnebi iseTi xSiri
saxmarisia, amasTanave, isini TandaTan ise ifarToeben ares, rom saSinao da saklaso
savarjiSoebis Sesrulebisas moswavleebi maT wamdauwum, yovel nabijze xvdebian.
maswavlebeli, romelsac SemTxveviT `wamoufrindeba~ romelime `miWirs~ zmna gakve-
Tilze, marTlac did gaWirvebaSi vardeba: bavSvebi gahyvirian, `me qvemdebareao~. maswavlebelic,
cxadia, gonebiT bavSvebis mxarezea, magram ra qmnas, rodesac morfologiis
saskolo saxelmZRvaneloSi sakuTriv am tipis zmnebis subieqtis Sesaxeb araferia
naTqvami 3 , sintaqsis saxelmZRvaneloSi ki weria, rom `gardauvali zmnis me-3 piris
formasTan Sewyobili qvemdebare yovelTvis saxelobiTSiao~, xolo saTanado
adgilas (`qvemdebaruli damokidebuli winadadebis raoba~) savarjiSoebSi motanili
winadadebebis mixedviT SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom saxelmZRvanelos avtorebi romelime
`etyoba~ zmnisaTvis qvemdebared saxelobiTSi dasmul saxels miiCneven (`saxis
moZraobaze etyoboda, rom grZnobis als mTlad moebura misi arseba~ _ aq damokidebuli
winadadeba miCneulia qvemdebarul saxisad). Tu maswavlebeli bavSvs daeTanxmeba
da ityvis, rom qvemdebare (subieqti) micemiTSi dasmuli saxeliao, ra daarqvas saxelobiTSi
dasmul saxels maSin, rodesac bavSvebma ician, rom damatebebidan (obieqtebidan)
saxelobiT brunvaSi mxolod pirdapiri SeiZleba idges?
maSasadame, mdgomareoba specifikuria, bevr siZnelesTanaa dakavSirebuli da gramatikuli
movlenebis kvalifikaciis gadasinjvas moiTxovs. da gana amitom skolaSi
Tvali unda davxuWoT da dumiliT avuaroT gverdi qarTuli zmnisaTvis damaxasiaTebel
am metad mniSvnelovan movlenas?
magram ase grZeldeba wlebis ganmavlobaSi: bavSvebi sruliad gaucnobiereblad
izepireben, rom `qarTulSi inversia axasiaTebs marto gardamaval zmnebs III seriaSi.
1 qarTuli ena daliteratura skolaSi, #4, 1978.
2 amis Sesaxeb ix. a. SaniZe, gramatikuli subieqti zogierT gardauval zmnasTan qarTulSi,
Zveli qarTuli enis kaTedris Sromebi, t. 7, 1961 w. gv. 209.
3 Tumca maswavlebeli saWiro SemTxvevaSi, cxadia, xelmZRvanelobs a. SaniZis `qarTuli enis
gramatikis safuZvlebiT~, sadac inversiul formebTan dakavSirebiT Semdegi azria gatarebuli:
`piris niSanTa inversias garkveuli adgili uWiravs zmnaTa uRlebis sistemaSi: is gvxvdeba
marto III seriis formebSi da isic gardamaval zmnebSi, gardauvalma zmnebma sazogadod
inversia ar icis...~ (a. SaniZe, qarTuli enis gramatikis safuZvlebi, 1973, $241, gv. 197).