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CarTuli 1<br />
253<br />
neli cqitiSvili<br />
CarTulTan dakavSirebuli marTlweris sakiTxebi pirobiTad or jgufad SeiZleba<br />
gaiyos: wminda stilistikuri Ra stilistikur-sintaqsuri xasiaTis sakiTxebad. es<br />
ukanaskneli ki sabolood punqtuaciis wesebad yalibdeba. orive jgufis sakiTxebis<br />
saTanado gadawyveta, cxadia, CarTulis raobis, bunebis garkvevas gulisxmobs.<br />
CarTulis raoba specialur literaturaSi ZiriTadad garkveulia, Tumca arsebobs<br />
urTierTgamomricxveli debulebebic. am literaturas aq dawvrilebiT ar mimovixilavT,<br />
magram saWirod migvaCnia yuradRebis gamaxvileba zogierT sakiTxze (da iqneb<br />
zogierTi debulebis dazustebac). ganvixilavT ZiriTadad e. w. CarTul s i t y -<br />
v e b s , radgan sadavo sakiTxebic umetesad swored maT garSemo iyris Tavs.<br />
specialuri literaturis mixedviT, CarTulis g r a m a t i k u l i daxasiaTeba Ziri-<br />
Tadad ,,negatiuria~: CarTuli a r a r i s winadadebis wevri (Tundac gankerZoebuli);<br />
CarTuli g r a m a t i k u l a d a r a r i s dakavSirebuli winadadebis konstruqciasTan.<br />
rusul saenaTmecniero literaturaSi arsebobs amis sapirispiro mosazrebac: magaliTad,<br />
a. rudnevis azriT, CarTulsa da winadadebis danarCen nawils Soris arsebobs<br />
specifikuri xasiaTis urTierToba, specifikuri xasiaTis sintaqsuri k a v S i -<br />
r i c ki, rac gamoixateba CarTuli sityvebisa da gamoTqmebis (romlebsac mkvlevari<br />
msazRvrel sityvebs uwodebs) winadadebaSi `CarTvis f a q t i T ~ da sazRvrul sityvebTan<br />
maTi m e z o b l o b i T . . . msazRvreli sityvebis forma ar aris damokidebuli<br />
sazRvrul sityvebze da maT, rogorc wesi, ar daesmis logikuri kiTxvebi, magram<br />
garkveul sintaqsur fuqcias isini mainc asruleben _ miekuTvnebian winadadebis ama<br />
Tu im wevrs da gansazRvruli azrobrivi elferi SeaqvT gamonaTqvamSi. SemoTavazebulia<br />
am urTierTobis amsaxveli terminic _ T a n a f a r d o b a a n T a n a f a r d o b i -<br />
Ti kavSiri (`соотношение~ или `соотносительная связь~) 2 .<br />
zogi mkvlevari (a. meSCaninovi, e. kroteviCi) CarTuls winadadebis wevradac acxadebs.<br />
CarTulis funqcia ramdenadme gansxvavebuladaa gansazRvruli im gamokvlevebSi,<br />
romlebSic winadadeba miCneulia ara marto enobriv (struqturul) erTeulad, aramed<br />
metyvelebis (azrobriv-logikur) erTeuladac 3 . CarTuli, iseve rogorc winadadebis<br />
gankerZoebuli wevrebi da winadadebasTan g r a m a t i k u l a d d a u k a v S i r e b e -<br />
l i sxva sityva-gamoTqmebi, daxasiaTebulia, rogorc winadadebis a q t u a l i z e b i s<br />
gamaZlierebeli saSualeba 4 .<br />
CarTulis funqcia, zogierT sxva damxmare sityvasTan (nawilakTan, kavSirTan...)<br />
erTad, Semdegnairadac aris gansazRvruli specialur literaturaSi: es sityvebi gamoyofen<br />
sityvaTa mowesrigebuli rigis erT-erT wevrs, rogorc metad an nakleb<br />
mniSvnelovans, SemohyavT axali wevri da xSaven sityvaTa rigs, anda gamoyofen erTerT<br />
wevrs modaluri Sefasebis safuZvelze 5 .<br />
da mainc, `pozitiurad~ CarTuli daxasiaTebulia umetesad stilistikur-semantikuri<br />
TvalsazrisiT. CarTulis stilistikur-semantikuri funqciebi, romlebsac asaxeleben<br />
saTanado literaturaSi, zogadad Semdegi xasiaTisaa: i n f o r m a c i u l i<br />
(moubari azogadebs an akonkretebs ambavs; miuTiTebs naambobis Tanamimdevrobaze an<br />
mowodebuli azris wyaroze), S e m f a s e b l u r i (moubari TviTve afasebs Tavis naam-<br />
1 qarTuli sityvis kulturis sakiTxebi,VIII, 1988.<br />
2 ix. Г. Руднев, Синтаксис осложненного предложения, М., 1959, gv. 123.<br />
3 SevniSnavT, rom zogi mkvlevari winadadebas saerTod ganixilavs ara enis, aramed metyvelebis<br />
erTeulebad. ix. О. С.Ахманова, Г.Б. Микаэлян, Современные синтаксические теории, М., 1963, gv. 123.<br />
4 a . d a v i T i a n i , qarTuli enis sintaqsi, Tb., 1973, gv. 158-159.<br />
5 Русская грамматика, II, Синтаксис, М., 1980, gv. 173.