q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a
q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a
SeiZleboda am kavSirTa gverdis avlac ase: moweuli mosavali imaTTvisac sakmarisi iyo, vinc yanaSi muSaobda, da mosavlis na- metic rCeboda. zogjer umarTebulod iyeneben majgufebel arc _ arc wyvil kavSirsac. wesis mixedviT, es kavSiric erTgvari wevrebis win unda ganlagdes. magaliTad, savsebiT mar- Tebulad aris agebuli akakis cnobil nawarmoebSi Semdegi winadadeba: es loTi maswavlebeli yuradRebasac ar aqcevda Tavis sagnebs, arc algebras, arc geometrias, arc trigonometrias da arc fizikas (`Cemi Tavg.~). Tu erTgvari wevrebi arc _ arc kavSiris momdevnod ar vixmareT, azri bundovandeba. aseTi viTarebaa Semdeg winadadebaSi: `komplimenturi~ kritika gzas uTmobs obieqtur da gonivrul kritikas, roca daviwyebuli ar aris arc nawarmoebis kargi da arc negatiuri mxarea gazviadebuli (`lit. saq.~). aq arc _ arc wyvilma kavSirma unda daajgufos erTgvari Semasmenlebi: daviwyebuli aris, gazviadebuli aris. amisaTvis saWiroa, rom es Semasmenlebi kavSirebs mosdevdes. aq ki pirveli Semasmeneli uswrebs arc kavSirs (daviwyebuli ar aris... arc), riTac azris naTlad gadmocema dabrkolebulia. rogorc ki erTgvar Semasmenlebs kavSiris Semdeg davsvamT, winadadeba gaimarTeba, gveqneba: `komplimenturi” kritika gzas uTmobs obieqtur da gonivrul kritikas, roca arc nawarmoebis kargia daviwyebuli da arc negatiuri mxarea gazviadebuli. aseve mWidro uerTierTobaSia dapirispirebul wevrebTan mapirispirebeli wyvili kavSirebi. mag.: [galaktioni] SemdegSi aqveynebs ara deklaraciebs axali cxovrebisadmi TanagrZnobis Sesaxeb, aramed organulad ibrZvis sinamdvilis konkretuli, uSualo da mxatvruli asaxvisaTvis. wyvili mapirispirebeli kavSiria ara _ aramed. misi pirveli nawili (ara) win uZRvis damatebas (aqveynebs ara deklaraciebs). amitom meore nawilSi mis sapirispiro wevrs moveliT kavSiris meore nawilis Semdeg (magaliTad, ase: aqveynebs ara deklaraciebs, aramed leqsebs), magram winadadebis meore nawilSi gveubnebian, rom galaktioni ibrZvis sinamdvilis mxatvruli asaxvisaTvis, e. i. winadadebis pirvel nawilSi yvelaferi rigze ar aris. ara-s Semasmeneli unda mosdevdes (ar aqveynebs), mxolod aseT SemTxvevaSi iqneba naTeli am ori Semasmenlis Sepirispireba. isic unda iTqvas, rom am SemTxvevaSi ara nawilakis gamoyenebas ajobebda ki ar gvexmara da mTeli winadadeba aseT saxes miiRebda: (galaktioni) SemdegSi deklaraciebs ki ar aqveynebs, aramed... ibrZvis sinamdvilis konkretuli, uSualo da mxatvruli asaxvisaTvis. gaanalizebuli masalis safuZvelze SeiZleba davaskvnaT: Sepirispirebul an dasajgufebel wevrTa dasma mapirispirebel Tu majgufebel kavSirTa win dauSvebelia, radganac aseTi umarTebulo sityvaTa ganlageba azrs abundovanebs, _ Sesapirispirebeli an dasajgufebeli wevrebi unda mosdevdes wyvili kavSiris orive nawils. 252
CarTuli 1 253 neli cqitiSvili CarTulTan dakavSirebuli marTlweris sakiTxebi pirobiTad or jgufad SeiZleba gaiyos: wminda stilistikuri Ra stilistikur-sintaqsuri xasiaTis sakiTxebad. es ukanaskneli ki sabolood punqtuaciis wesebad yalibdeba. orive jgufis sakiTxebis saTanado gadawyveta, cxadia, CarTulis raobis, bunebis garkvevas gulisxmobs. CarTulis raoba specialur literaturaSi ZiriTadad garkveulia, Tumca arsebobs urTierTgamomricxveli debulebebic. am literaturas aq dawvrilebiT ar mimovixilavT, magram saWirod migvaCnia yuradRebis gamaxvileba zogierT sakiTxze (da iqneb zogierTi debulebis dazustebac). ganvixilavT ZiriTadad e. w. CarTul s i t y - v e b s , radgan sadavo sakiTxebic umetesad swored maT garSemo iyris Tavs. specialuri literaturis mixedviT, CarTulis g r a m a t i k u l i daxasiaTeba Ziri- Tadad ,,negatiuria~: CarTuli a r a r i s winadadebis wevri (Tundac gankerZoebuli); CarTuli g r a m a t i k u l a d a r a r i s dakavSirebuli winadadebis konstruqciasTan. rusul saenaTmecniero literaturaSi arsebobs amis sapirispiro mosazrebac: magaliTad, a. rudnevis azriT, CarTulsa da winadadebis danarCen nawils Soris arsebobs specifikuri xasiaTis urTierToba, specifikuri xasiaTis sintaqsuri k a v S i - r i c ki, rac gamoixateba CarTuli sityvebisa da gamoTqmebis (romlebsac mkvlevari msazRvrel sityvebs uwodebs) winadadebaSi `CarTvis f a q t i T ~ da sazRvrul sityvebTan maTi m e z o b l o b i T . . . msazRvreli sityvebis forma ar aris damokidebuli sazRvrul sityvebze da maT, rogorc wesi, ar daesmis logikuri kiTxvebi, magram garkveul sintaqsur fuqcias isini mainc asruleben _ miekuTvnebian winadadebis ama Tu im wevrs da gansazRvruli azrobrivi elferi SeaqvT gamonaTqvamSi. SemoTavazebulia am urTierTobis amsaxveli terminic _ T a n a f a r d o b a a n T a n a f a r d o b i - Ti kavSiri (`соотношение~ или `соотносительная связь~) 2 . zogi mkvlevari (a. meSCaninovi, e. kroteviCi) CarTuls winadadebis wevradac acxadebs. CarTulis funqcia ramdenadme gansxvavebuladaa gansazRvruli im gamokvlevebSi, romlebSic winadadeba miCneulia ara marto enobriv (struqturul) erTeulad, aramed metyvelebis (azrobriv-logikur) erTeuladac 3 . CarTuli, iseve rogorc winadadebis gankerZoebuli wevrebi da winadadebasTan g r a m a t i k u l a d d a u k a v S i r e b e - l i sxva sityva-gamoTqmebi, daxasiaTebulia, rogorc winadadebis a q t u a l i z e b i s gamaZlierebeli saSualeba 4 . CarTulis funqcia, zogierT sxva damxmare sityvasTan (nawilakTan, kavSirTan...) erTad, Semdegnairadac aris gansazRvruli specialur literaturaSi: es sityvebi gamoyofen sityvaTa mowesrigebuli rigis erT-erT wevrs, rogorc metad an nakleb mniSvnelovans, SemohyavT axali wevri da xSaven sityvaTa rigs, anda gamoyofen erTerT wevrs modaluri Sefasebis safuZvelze 5 . da mainc, `pozitiurad~ CarTuli daxasiaTebulia umetesad stilistikur-semantikuri TvalsazrisiT. CarTulis stilistikur-semantikuri funqciebi, romlebsac asaxeleben saTanado literaturaSi, zogadad Semdegi xasiaTisaa: i n f o r m a c i u l i (moubari azogadebs an akonkretebs ambavs; miuTiTebs naambobis Tanamimdevrobaze an mowodebuli azris wyaroze), S e m f a s e b l u r i (moubari TviTve afasebs Tavis naam- 1 qarTuli sityvis kulturis sakiTxebi,VIII, 1988. 2 ix. Г. Руднев, Синтаксис осложненного предложения, М., 1959, gv. 123. 3 SevniSnavT, rom zogi mkvlevari winadadebas saerTod ganixilavs ara enis, aramed metyvelebis erTeulebad. ix. О. С.Ахманова, Г.Б. Микаэлян, Современные синтаксические теории, М., 1963, gv. 123. 4 a . d a v i T i a n i , qarTuli enis sintaqsi, Tb., 1973, gv. 158-159. 5 Русская грамматика, II, Синтаксис, М., 1980, gv. 173.
- Page 201 and 202: erTi sintaqsuri movlenis Sesaxeb 1
- Page 203 and 204: 3. atributuli msazRvrel-sazRvruli,
- Page 205 and 206: ubralo damateba Tu adgilis garemoeb
- Page 207 and 208: es xerxi (igi m. venslovas SemouTav
- Page 209 and 210: substantiuri msazRvreli 1 209 anton
- Page 211 and 212: SemTxvevaSi `Tu sasxviso qcevis for
- Page 213 and 214: unebas Cemi qveynis feri emateboda;
- Page 215 and 216: as karg adamianTa saxelebi gadavceT
- Page 217 and 218: 6. spilenZis veeba da mcire qvabebs
- Page 219 and 220: ai, ras vkiTxulobT komisiis dadgeni
- Page 221 and 222: d) kiTxviTi nacvalsaxeli: ra saamur
- Page 223 and 224: is dalocvili mRvdeli xSirad migebda
- Page 225 and 226: jaba... im nikelis sawolSi iwva (e.
- Page 227 and 228: ma, mwvane vels...)~ 12 . amgvarad,
- Page 229 and 230: miuxedavad imisa, rom mezoblad moxv
- Page 231 and 232: kasri; gatexili Rvinis Wiqa; lamazi
- Page 233 and 234: cota rTuldeba saqme, rodesac dawese
- Page 235 and 236: 1. stendzea fotopiri ienis universi
- Page 237 and 238: 237 cira kalaZe sazRvruli saxelis r
- Page 239 and 240: moyvanili magaliTebis gverdiT gvxvd
- Page 241 and 242: sazRvravs atributuli da marTuli msa
- Page 243 and 244: Raribi xuros ojaxSi aRzrdilis ZarRv
- Page 245 and 246: xelmZR.). dargvis sixSiris mixedviT
- Page 247 and 248: zmnisarT-kavSirTa gamoyenebisaTvis
- Page 249 and 250: manam mebaRe moitanda, vezirma sxva
- Page 251: Si laparaki iqneba sareklamo saqmis
- Page 255 and 256: gvxvdeba, Zvel qarTulSi araa mkveTr
- Page 257 and 258: zoma-odenobis aRmniSvneli zmnizedeb
- Page 259 and 260: leben. swored am SemTxvevaSi ara gv
- Page 261 and 262: vneloba aqvs: 1. iqiTa mxares, im m
- Page 263 and 264: Si albaT TandaTan icleba leqsikuri
- Page 265 and 266: oca igi CarTulis funqcias asrulebs.
- Page 267 and 268: ziciaSia igi meore zmna-Semasmenlis
- Page 269 and 270: uxeiro damwersa (ilia); Tu rusTavel
- Page 271 and 272: darRveva. masalis simciris gamo igi
- Page 273 and 274: a l b a T , axalgazrdobas yvela dro
- Page 275 and 276: gvagonebs glaxa WriaSvilis _ am ,,s
- Page 277 and 278: ogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, ambobs фant
- Page 279: S i n a a r s i 1. Sesavali -------
SeiZleboda am kavSirTa gverdis avlac ase:<br />
moweuli mosavali imaTTvisac sakmarisi iyo, vinc yanaSi muSaobda, da mosavlis na-<br />
metic rCeboda.<br />
zogjer umarTebulod iyeneben majgufebel arc _ arc wyvil kavSirsac. wesis mixedviT,<br />
es kavSiric erTgvari wevrebis win unda ganlagdes. magaliTad, savsebiT mar-<br />
Tebulad aris agebuli akakis cnobil nawarmoebSi Semdegi winadadeba:<br />
es loTi maswavlebeli yuradRebasac ar aqcevda Tavis sagnebs, arc algebras,<br />
arc geometrias, arc trigonometrias da arc fizikas (`Cemi Tavg.~). Tu erTgvari wevrebi<br />
arc _ arc kavSiris momdevnod ar vixmareT, azri bundovandeba. aseTi viTarebaa<br />
Semdeg winadadebaSi:<br />
`komplimenturi~ kritika gzas uTmobs obieqtur da gonivrul kritikas, roca daviwyebuli<br />
ar aris arc nawarmoebis kargi da arc negatiuri mxarea gazviadebuli<br />
(`lit. saq.~).<br />
aq arc _ arc wyvilma kavSirma unda daajgufos erTgvari Semasmenlebi: daviwyebuli<br />
aris, gazviadebuli aris. amisaTvis saWiroa, rom es Semasmenlebi kavSirebs mosdevdes.<br />
aq ki pirveli Semasmeneli uswrebs arc kavSirs (daviwyebuli ar aris... arc),<br />
riTac azris naTlad gadmocema dabrkolebulia. rogorc ki erTgvar Semasmenlebs<br />
kavSiris Semdeg davsvamT, winadadeba gaimarTeba, gveqneba:<br />
`komplimenturi” kritika gzas uTmobs obieqtur da gonivrul kritikas, roca arc<br />
nawarmoebis kargia daviwyebuli da arc negatiuri mxarea gazviadebuli.<br />
aseve mWidro uerTierTobaSia dapirispirebul wevrebTan mapirispirebeli wyvili<br />
kavSirebi.<br />
mag.: [galaktioni] SemdegSi aqveynebs ara deklaraciebs axali cxovrebisadmi TanagrZnobis<br />
Sesaxeb, aramed organulad ibrZvis sinamdvilis konkretuli, uSualo da<br />
mxatvruli asaxvisaTvis.<br />
wyvili mapirispirebeli kavSiria ara _ aramed. misi pirveli nawili (ara) win uZRvis<br />
damatebas (aqveynebs ara deklaraciebs). amitom meore nawilSi mis sapirispiro<br />
wevrs moveliT kavSiris meore nawilis Semdeg (magaliTad, ase: aqveynebs ara deklaraciebs,<br />
aramed leqsebs), magram winadadebis meore nawilSi gveubnebian, rom galaktioni<br />
ibrZvis sinamdvilis mxatvruli asaxvisaTvis, e. i. winadadebis pirvel nawilSi<br />
yvelaferi rigze ar aris. ara-s Semasmeneli unda mosdevdes (ar aqveynebs), mxolod<br />
aseT SemTxvevaSi iqneba naTeli am ori Semasmenlis Sepirispireba.<br />
isic unda iTqvas, rom am SemTxvevaSi ara nawilakis gamoyenebas ajobebda ki ar<br />
gvexmara da mTeli winadadeba aseT saxes miiRebda:<br />
(galaktioni) SemdegSi deklaraciebs ki ar aqveynebs, aramed... ibrZvis sinamdvilis<br />
konkretuli, uSualo da mxatvruli asaxvisaTvis.<br />
gaanalizebuli masalis safuZvelze SeiZleba davaskvnaT: Sepirispirebul an dasajgufebel<br />
wevrTa dasma mapirispirebel Tu majgufebel kavSirTa win dauSvebelia,<br />
radganac aseTi umarTebulo sityvaTa ganlageba azrs abundovanebs, _ Sesapirispirebeli<br />
an dasajgufebeli wevrebi unda mosdevdes wyvili kavSiris orive nawils.<br />
252
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