q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a
q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a
I. sazRvruli mravlobiTi ricxvis formiTaa warmodgenili, 1. roca SesityvebaSi msazRvrelebi marTulia (gelaTisa da bagratis taZrebi, qalTa da vaJTa gundebi); 2. roca sazRvruls erTad axlavs atributuli da marTuli msazRvreli (wynari da indoeTis okeaneebi, dramatuli da cekvis wreebi); 3. roca atributul msazRvrelebad gvaqvs rigobiTi ricxviTi saxelebi (pirveli da meore Sesaxvevebi, me-4 da 26-e skolebi...); 4. roca SesityvebaSi gvaqvs erTi (umetesi) wyeba atributul msazRvrelTa (qarTuli da rusuli eneb-is, gare da Siga fuZeeb-is, zemo da qvemo sarTuleb-is da misT. tipisa). II. sazRvruli mxoloobiT ricxvSia dasmuli, 1. roca mas saerTod ar ewarmoeba (ar Seefereba) mravlobiTi ricxvis forma (presa, arena, proza, poezia, kultura, civilizacia...); 2. roca atributul msazRvrelebs damatebiT sazRvravs kidev raodenobiTi ricxviTi saxelebi (erTi didi da erTi patara kaci, vaJTa 6 da qalTa 5 gundi...); 3. roca msazRvrelebi erTmaneTTan SekavSirebulia zogierTi kavSiriT (an, rogorc _ aseve || ise, arc _ arc, xan _ xan) da TandebuliT (Soris). III. sazRvrulis mravlobiTSi dasmis SemTxvevebi Seudareblad sWarbobs mxoloobiTSi dasmis SemTxvevebs. tendencia enisa am mxriv dRes sakmaod gamokveTilia. ram Seuwyo xeli am tendenciis gaCenas qarTulSi? vidre am kiTxvaze vupasuxebdeT, unda aRvniSnoT, rom saanalizo sityvaTSexameba axalia, Zveli da saSualo saukuneebis ZeglebSi aseTi Sewyoba ar gvxvdeba. mis sanacvlod saSualo saukuneebis qarTuli iyenebs SeiZleba nakleb lakoniurs, magram ufro cxad da qarTuli enisaTvis ufro bunebriv 'Sewyobas: didi da patara saxli || saxlebi-s nacvlad iq gvaqvs didi saxli da patara saxli. Savi devi da xazaran devi sazarod kmano (`rusudaniani~). erTi glaxaki kaci movidoda gzasa. naxa ori gveli _ e r T i S a v i da e r T i w i T e l i (saba). erTi rigi sul TeTri orxao ewyo erTmaneTze, e r T i w i T e l i , e r T i m w v a n e (`rusudaniani"). samni amxanagni Seiyarnen: erTi ispaaneli, erTi gilaneli da erTi ganjeli (saba). ' Cven mier ganxiluli sityvaTSewyoba damkvidrda gasul saukuneSi da gabatonda ukve Cvens droSi. warmoSobiT igi e. w. sintaqsur-konstruqciuli kalki Cans, romelic mkvidrdeba saliteraturo enaSi. oRond saWiro xdeba dazusteba sazRvrulis ricxvis sakiTxisa. im SemTxvevaSi, roca Sinaarsis gabundovaneba mosalodneli araa, sadac sazRvrulis mxoloobiTi Tu mravlobiTi ricxvis forma frazas Sinaarss ver ucvlis, qarTulisaTvis ufro bunebrivi Cans sazRvrulis mxoloobiTi ricxvis formiT warmodgena. iseTi Sexamebebi, rogoricaa: pirveli da meore SemTxvevebi, IX da X klasebi, qarTuli da rusuli enebi, gare da Siga fuZeebi, zemo da qvemo sar- Tulebi, Zveli da axali Taobebi da misT. ar Cans bunebrivi. umjobesi iqneboda, saz- Rvruli mxoolobiTi ricxvis formiT yofiliyo warmodgenili. frazis Sinaarsi ar Seicvleboda da bunebriv qarTul gamoTqmasac SevinarCunebdiT. leqsikuri da gansakuTrebiT sintaqsuri kalki mxolod maSin emsaxureba enis gamdidrebis mniSvnelovan saqmes, Tu igi advilad Tavsdeba msesxebeli enis yalibSi, Tu msesxebel enaSi ucxo sxeulad ar ganicdeba. 246
zmnisarT-kavSirTa gamoyenebisaTvis 1 247 lia leJava saliteraturo ena normebis mqone enaa. misi wesebi unda Seiswavlebodes. saskolo gramatika, garda enis agebulebis analizisa, saliteraturo enis Seswavlasac emsaxureba _ marTlwerisa da swormetyvelebis wesebsac awvdis moswavles. saliteraturo ena aris ena mxatvruli literaturisa, Jurnal-gazeTebisa, radiosa da televiziisa, leqcia-moxsenebebisa, oficialur saqmeTa qaRaldebisa, Teatrisa da kinos, moswavleTa Tu studentTa literaturuli Txzulebebisa (e. w. Temebisa) da sxv. unda iTqvas, rom mxatvruli literaturis ena Tumca organuli nawilia saliteraturo enisa, magram imave dros misgan gansxvavebulicaa. mxatvruli literaturis ena saliteraturo enaze metia, ramdenadac iyenebs iseT elementebs, romlebic an jer ar qceula saliteraturo enis kuTvnilebad, anda romlebsac arc momavalSi uweriaT aseTi ram. amitom saWiroa mxatvruli literaturis enisa da saerTo saliteraturo enis gamijvna. moswavleebs unda ganvumartoT, rom zogi faqti, rac mxatvruli literaturis enaSi gvxvdeba, SeiZleba ar iyos saliteraturo enis kuTvnileba (magaliTad, vaJas, a. yazbegis, d. kldiaSvilis an eg. ninoSvilis dialeqtizmebi, v. barnovis an k. gamsaxurdias arqaizmebi, g. leoniZis an l. goTuas neologizmebi)... amis sailustraciod gamogvadgeba rTuli qvewyobili winadadebis sanam kavSirisa da misi manam korelatis dialeqturi formebi, romlebic arc Tu iaSviaTad gvxvdeba axali qarTuli literaturis cnobil ZeglebSi. 1. sanam _ manam sanam drois garemoebiTi damokidebuli winadadebis erT-erTi kavSiria, niSnavs: ra dromdisac, rodemdec, vidre. mis korelatad mTavar winadadebaSi ixmareba manam, romelic niSnavs: im dromde, e. i. es ori makavSirebeli sityva erTad qmnian aseT gagebas: ra dromdisac... im dromde. mag.: sanam Tone cxelia, puri manam Caakario (andaza). sanam, manam sityvebSi specialistebi gamoyofen sa- da ma- elementebs. erTi mosazrebis mixedviT, manam sada-sTan SepirispirebiT iSleba: ma-na(m) _ sa-da iseve, rogorc sxva zmnisarTebi: ze-da || ze-na; Si-da || Si-na; qve-da || qve-na; gar-da || gar-na; vi-d-re || vi-n-e-m... aRniSnulia, rom -da || -na Zveli formantebiT gaformebuli es paraleluri formebi axal qarTuls SemorCa, magram semantikuri diferenciacia maT Soris aSkarad igrZnoba. Sdr. zeda qva da zena qari; sadamdis wavida da sanamdis gagrZelda (arn. Ciqobava, v. Tofuria). aris agreTve varaudi, rom sa-na-m sityvaSi igive n SeiZleba gamoiyos, rac vi-n sityvaSio (arn. Ciqobava). am azrs iziareben da moTxrobiTi brunvis n-s varaudoben ma-n-a-m sityvaSic (S. ZiZiguri). cnobilia sxvagvari Tvalsazrisic, romlis mixedviT, sanam da manam Sesabamisad sad da mun sityvebis viTarebiTi brunvis formebisagan miRebulad ivaraudeba: sadad-mde da mun-ad-mde (mun Zvel qarTulSi adgils aRniSnavda, mniSvnelobiTi udrida iq zmnisarTs). am formas gavlena mouxdenia erTmaneTze, saxeldobr: sadamde-s gavleniT munadmde-s u xmovani a-d Secvlila da ase migviRia manamde, romelsac dRes mxolod drouli gageba aqvs. manamdes gavleniT ki sadamde-s d Tanxmovani n-d gadaukeTebia da agreTve drouli gageba SeuZenia (a. SaniZe), e. i. sanam, manam zmnisarTebs aseTi safexurebi gauvlia: sanam: sadamdis > sanamdis > sanamdi > sanam 1 qarTuli ena da literatura skolaSi, N3, 1983.
- Page 195 and 196: aseTi zmna emsgavseba gardamavali z
- Page 197 and 198: isini mieSvelnen mas || maT _ is mi
- Page 199 and 200: aseTive mdgomareobaa orpirianad qce
- Page 201 and 202: erTi sintaqsuri movlenis Sesaxeb 1
- Page 203 and 204: 3. atributuli msazRvrel-sazRvruli,
- Page 205 and 206: ubralo damateba Tu adgilis garemoeb
- Page 207 and 208: es xerxi (igi m. venslovas SemouTav
- Page 209 and 210: substantiuri msazRvreli 1 209 anton
- Page 211 and 212: SemTxvevaSi `Tu sasxviso qcevis for
- Page 213 and 214: unebas Cemi qveynis feri emateboda;
- Page 215 and 216: as karg adamianTa saxelebi gadavceT
- Page 217 and 218: 6. spilenZis veeba da mcire qvabebs
- Page 219 and 220: ai, ras vkiTxulobT komisiis dadgeni
- Page 221 and 222: d) kiTxviTi nacvalsaxeli: ra saamur
- Page 223 and 224: is dalocvili mRvdeli xSirad migebda
- Page 225 and 226: jaba... im nikelis sawolSi iwva (e.
- Page 227 and 228: ma, mwvane vels...)~ 12 . amgvarad,
- Page 229 and 230: miuxedavad imisa, rom mezoblad moxv
- Page 231 and 232: kasri; gatexili Rvinis Wiqa; lamazi
- Page 233 and 234: cota rTuldeba saqme, rodesac dawese
- Page 235 and 236: 1. stendzea fotopiri ienis universi
- Page 237 and 238: 237 cira kalaZe sazRvruli saxelis r
- Page 239 and 240: moyvanili magaliTebis gverdiT gvxvd
- Page 241 and 242: sazRvravs atributuli da marTuli msa
- Page 243 and 244: Raribi xuros ojaxSi aRzrdilis ZarRv
- Page 245: xelmZR.). dargvis sixSiris mixedviT
- Page 249 and 250: manam mebaRe moitanda, vezirma sxva
- Page 251 and 252: Si laparaki iqneba sareklamo saqmis
- Page 253 and 254: CarTuli 1 253 neli cqitiSvili CarTu
- Page 255 and 256: gvxvdeba, Zvel qarTulSi araa mkveTr
- Page 257 and 258: zoma-odenobis aRmniSvneli zmnizedeb
- Page 259 and 260: leben. swored am SemTxvevaSi ara gv
- Page 261 and 262: vneloba aqvs: 1. iqiTa mxares, im m
- Page 263 and 264: Si albaT TandaTan icleba leqsikuri
- Page 265 and 266: oca igi CarTulis funqcias asrulebs.
- Page 267 and 268: ziciaSia igi meore zmna-Semasmenlis
- Page 269 and 270: uxeiro damwersa (ilia); Tu rusTavel
- Page 271 and 272: darRveva. masalis simciris gamo igi
- Page 273 and 274: a l b a T , axalgazrdobas yvela dro
- Page 275 and 276: gvagonebs glaxa WriaSvilis _ am ,,s
- Page 277 and 278: ogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, ambobs фant
- Page 279: S i n a a r s i 1. Sesavali -------
zmnisarT-kavSirTa gamoyenebisaTvis 1<br />
247<br />
lia leJava<br />
saliteraturo ena normebis mqone enaa. misi wesebi unda Seiswavlebodes. saskolo<br />
gramatika, garda enis agebulebis analizisa, saliteraturo enis Seswavlasac emsaxureba<br />
_ marTlwerisa da swormetyvelebis wesebsac awvdis moswavles.<br />
saliteraturo ena aris ena mxatvruli literaturisa, Jurnal-gazeTebisa, radiosa<br />
da televiziisa, leqcia-moxsenebebisa, oficialur saqmeTa qaRaldebisa, Teatrisa<br />
da kinos, moswavleTa Tu studentTa literaturuli Txzulebebisa (e. w. Temebisa) da<br />
sxv.<br />
unda iTqvas, rom mxatvruli literaturis ena Tumca organuli nawilia saliteraturo<br />
enisa, magram imave dros misgan gansxvavebulicaa. mxatvruli literaturis<br />
ena saliteraturo enaze metia, ramdenadac iyenebs iseT elementebs, romlebic an<br />
jer ar qceula saliteraturo enis kuTvnilebad, anda romlebsac arc momavalSi<br />
uweriaT aseTi ram. amitom saWiroa mxatvruli literaturis enisa da saerTo saliteraturo<br />
enis gamijvna. moswavleebs unda ganvumartoT, rom zogi faqti, rac mxatvruli<br />
literaturis enaSi gvxvdeba, SeiZleba ar iyos saliteraturo enis kuTvnileba<br />
(magaliTad, vaJas, a. yazbegis, d. kldiaSvilis an eg. ninoSvilis dialeqtizmebi, v.<br />
barnovis an k. gamsaxurdias arqaizmebi, g. leoniZis an l. goTuas neologizmebi)...<br />
amis sailustraciod gamogvadgeba rTuli qvewyobili winadadebis sanam kavSirisa<br />
da misi manam korelatis dialeqturi formebi, romlebic arc Tu iaSviaTad gvxvdeba<br />
axali qarTuli literaturis cnobil ZeglebSi.<br />
1. sanam _ manam<br />
sanam drois garemoebiTi damokidebuli winadadebis erT-erTi kavSiria, niSnavs:<br />
ra dromdisac, rodemdec, vidre. mis korelatad mTavar winadadebaSi ixmareba manam,<br />
romelic niSnavs: im dromde, e. i. es ori makavSirebeli sityva erTad qmnian aseT gagebas:<br />
ra dromdisac... im dromde.<br />
mag.: sanam Tone cxelia, puri manam Caakario (andaza).<br />
sanam, manam sityvebSi specialistebi gamoyofen sa- da ma- elementebs. erTi mosazrebis<br />
mixedviT, manam sada-sTan SepirispirebiT iSleba: ma-na(m) _ sa-da iseve, rogorc<br />
sxva zmnisarTebi: ze-da || ze-na; Si-da || Si-na; qve-da || qve-na; gar-da || gar-na; vi-d-re ||<br />
vi-n-e-m... aRniSnulia, rom -da || -na Zveli formantebiT gaformebuli es paraleluri<br />
formebi axal qarTuls SemorCa, magram semantikuri diferenciacia maT Soris aSkarad<br />
igrZnoba. Sdr. zeda qva da zena qari; sadamdis wavida da sanamdis gagrZelda<br />
(arn. Ciqobava, v. Tofuria). aris agreTve varaudi, rom sa-na-m sityvaSi igive n SeiZleba<br />
gamoiyos, rac vi-n sityvaSio (arn. Ciqobava). am azrs iziareben da moTxrobiTi<br />
brunvis n-s varaudoben ma-n-a-m sityvaSic (S. ZiZiguri).<br />
cnobilia sxvagvari Tvalsazrisic, romlis mixedviT, sanam da manam Sesabamisad<br />
sad da mun sityvebis viTarebiTi brunvis formebisagan miRebulad ivaraudeba: sadad-mde<br />
da mun-ad-mde (mun Zvel qarTulSi adgils aRniSnavda, mniSvnelobiTi udrida<br />
iq zmnisarTs). am formas gavlena mouxdenia erTmaneTze, saxeldobr: sadamde-s gavleniT<br />
munadmde-s u xmovani a-d Secvlila da ase migviRia manamde, romelsac dRes<br />
mxolod drouli gageba aqvs. manamdes gavleniT ki sadamde-s d Tanxmovani n-d gadaukeTebia<br />
da agreTve drouli gageba SeuZenia (a. SaniZe), e. i. sanam, manam zmnisarTebs<br />
aseTi safexurebi gauvlia:<br />
sanam: sadamdis > sanamdis > sanamdi > sanam<br />
1 qarTuli ena da literatura skolaSi, N3, 1983.