q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a

q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a

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I. sazRvruli mravlobiTi ricxvis formiTaa warmodgenili, 1. roca SesityvebaSi msazRvrelebi marTulia (gelaTisa da bagratis taZrebi, qalTa da vaJTa gundebi); 2. roca sazRvruls erTad axlavs atributuli da marTuli msazRvreli (wynari da indoeTis okeaneebi, dramatuli da cekvis wreebi); 3. roca atributul msazRvrelebad gvaqvs rigobiTi ricxviTi saxelebi (pirveli da meore Sesaxvevebi, me-4 da 26-e skolebi...); 4. roca SesityvebaSi gvaqvs erTi (umetesi) wyeba atributul msazRvrelTa (qarTuli da rusuli eneb-is, gare da Siga fuZeeb-is, zemo da qvemo sarTuleb-is da misT. tipisa). II. sazRvruli mxoloobiT ricxvSia dasmuli, 1. roca mas saerTod ar ewarmoeba (ar Seefereba) mravlobiTi ricxvis forma (presa, arena, proza, poezia, kultura, civilizacia...); 2. roca atributul msazRvrelebs damatebiT sazRvravs kidev raodenobiTi ricxviTi saxelebi (erTi didi da erTi patara kaci, vaJTa 6 da qalTa 5 gundi...); 3. roca msazRvrelebi erTmaneTTan SekavSirebulia zogierTi kavSiriT (an, rogorc _ aseve || ise, arc _ arc, xan _ xan) da TandebuliT (Soris). III. sazRvrulis mravlobiTSi dasmis SemTxvevebi Seudareblad sWarbobs mxoloobiTSi dasmis SemTxvevebs. tendencia enisa am mxriv dRes sakmaod gamokveTilia. ram Seuwyo xeli am tendenciis gaCenas qarTulSi? vidre am kiTxvaze vupasuxebdeT, unda aRvniSnoT, rom saanalizo sityvaTSexameba axalia, Zveli da saSualo saukuneebis ZeglebSi aseTi Sewyoba ar gvxvdeba. mis sanacvlod saSualo saukuneebis qarTuli iyenebs SeiZleba nakleb lakoniurs, magram ufro cxad da qarTuli enisaTvis ufro bunebriv 'Sewyobas: didi da patara saxli || saxlebi-s nacvlad iq gvaqvs didi saxli da patara saxli. Savi devi da xazaran devi sazarod kmano (`rusudaniani~). erTi glaxaki kaci movidoda gzasa. naxa ori gveli _ e r T i S a v i da e r T i w i T e l i (saba). erTi rigi sul TeTri orxao ewyo erTmaneTze, e r T i w i T e l i , e r T i m w v a n e (`rusudaniani"). samni amxanagni Seiyarnen: erTi ispaaneli, erTi gilaneli da erTi ganjeli (saba). ' Cven mier ganxiluli sityvaTSewyoba damkvidrda gasul saukuneSi da gabatonda ukve Cvens droSi. warmoSobiT igi e. w. sintaqsur-konstruqciuli kalki Cans, romelic mkvidrdeba saliteraturo enaSi. oRond saWiro xdeba dazusteba sazRvrulis ricxvis sakiTxisa. im SemTxvevaSi, roca Sinaarsis gabundovaneba mosalodneli araa, sadac sazRvrulis mxoloobiTi Tu mravlobiTi ricxvis forma frazas Sinaarss ver ucvlis, qarTulisaTvis ufro bunebrivi Cans sazRvrulis mxoloobiTi ricxvis formiT warmodgena. iseTi Sexamebebi, rogoricaa: pirveli da meore SemTxvevebi, IX da X klasebi, qarTuli da rusuli enebi, gare da Siga fuZeebi, zemo da qvemo sar- Tulebi, Zveli da axali Taobebi da misT. ar Cans bunebrivi. umjobesi iqneboda, saz- Rvruli mxoolobiTi ricxvis formiT yofiliyo warmodgenili. frazis Sinaarsi ar Seicvleboda da bunebriv qarTul gamoTqmasac SevinarCunebdiT. leqsikuri da gansakuTrebiT sintaqsuri kalki mxolod maSin emsaxureba enis gamdidrebis mniSvnelovan saqmes, Tu igi advilad Tavsdeba msesxebeli enis yalibSi, Tu msesxebel enaSi ucxo sxeulad ar ganicdeba. 246

zmnisarT-kavSirTa gamoyenebisaTvis 1 247 lia leJava saliteraturo ena normebis mqone enaa. misi wesebi unda Seiswavlebodes. saskolo gramatika, garda enis agebulebis analizisa, saliteraturo enis Seswavlasac emsaxureba _ marTlwerisa da swormetyvelebis wesebsac awvdis moswavles. saliteraturo ena aris ena mxatvruli literaturisa, Jurnal-gazeTebisa, radiosa da televiziisa, leqcia-moxsenebebisa, oficialur saqmeTa qaRaldebisa, Teatrisa da kinos, moswavleTa Tu studentTa literaturuli Txzulebebisa (e. w. Temebisa) da sxv. unda iTqvas, rom mxatvruli literaturis ena Tumca organuli nawilia saliteraturo enisa, magram imave dros misgan gansxvavebulicaa. mxatvruli literaturis ena saliteraturo enaze metia, ramdenadac iyenebs iseT elementebs, romlebic an jer ar qceula saliteraturo enis kuTvnilebad, anda romlebsac arc momavalSi uweriaT aseTi ram. amitom saWiroa mxatvruli literaturis enisa da saerTo saliteraturo enis gamijvna. moswavleebs unda ganvumartoT, rom zogi faqti, rac mxatvruli literaturis enaSi gvxvdeba, SeiZleba ar iyos saliteraturo enis kuTvnileba (magaliTad, vaJas, a. yazbegis, d. kldiaSvilis an eg. ninoSvilis dialeqtizmebi, v. barnovis an k. gamsaxurdias arqaizmebi, g. leoniZis an l. goTuas neologizmebi)... amis sailustraciod gamogvadgeba rTuli qvewyobili winadadebis sanam kavSirisa da misi manam korelatis dialeqturi formebi, romlebic arc Tu iaSviaTad gvxvdeba axali qarTuli literaturis cnobil ZeglebSi. 1. sanam _ manam sanam drois garemoebiTi damokidebuli winadadebis erT-erTi kavSiria, niSnavs: ra dromdisac, rodemdec, vidre. mis korelatad mTavar winadadebaSi ixmareba manam, romelic niSnavs: im dromde, e. i. es ori makavSirebeli sityva erTad qmnian aseT gagebas: ra dromdisac... im dromde. mag.: sanam Tone cxelia, puri manam Caakario (andaza). sanam, manam sityvebSi specialistebi gamoyofen sa- da ma- elementebs. erTi mosazrebis mixedviT, manam sada-sTan SepirispirebiT iSleba: ma-na(m) _ sa-da iseve, rogorc sxva zmnisarTebi: ze-da || ze-na; Si-da || Si-na; qve-da || qve-na; gar-da || gar-na; vi-d-re || vi-n-e-m... aRniSnulia, rom -da || -na Zveli formantebiT gaformebuli es paraleluri formebi axal qarTuls SemorCa, magram semantikuri diferenciacia maT Soris aSkarad igrZnoba. Sdr. zeda qva da zena qari; sadamdis wavida da sanamdis gagrZelda (arn. Ciqobava, v. Tofuria). aris agreTve varaudi, rom sa-na-m sityvaSi igive n SeiZleba gamoiyos, rac vi-n sityvaSio (arn. Ciqobava). am azrs iziareben da moTxrobiTi brunvis n-s varaudoben ma-n-a-m sityvaSic (S. ZiZiguri). cnobilia sxvagvari Tvalsazrisic, romlis mixedviT, sanam da manam Sesabamisad sad da mun sityvebis viTarebiTi brunvis formebisagan miRebulad ivaraudeba: sadad-mde da mun-ad-mde (mun Zvel qarTulSi adgils aRniSnavda, mniSvnelobiTi udrida iq zmnisarTs). am formas gavlena mouxdenia erTmaneTze, saxeldobr: sadamde-s gavleniT munadmde-s u xmovani a-d Secvlila da ase migviRia manamde, romelsac dRes mxolod drouli gageba aqvs. manamdes gavleniT ki sadamde-s d Tanxmovani n-d gadaukeTebia da agreTve drouli gageba SeuZenia (a. SaniZe), e. i. sanam, manam zmnisarTebs aseTi safexurebi gauvlia: sanam: sadamdis > sanamdis > sanamdi > sanam 1 qarTuli ena da literatura skolaSi, N3, 1983.

I. sazRvruli mravlobiTi ricxvis formiTaa warmodgenili,<br />

1. roca SesityvebaSi msazRvrelebi marTulia (gelaTisa da bagratis taZrebi,<br />

qalTa da vaJTa gundebi);<br />

2. roca sazRvruls erTad axlavs atributuli da marTuli msazRvreli (wynari<br />

da indoeTis okeaneebi, dramatuli da cekvis wreebi);<br />

3. roca atributul msazRvrelebad gvaqvs rigobiTi ricxviTi saxelebi (pirveli<br />

da meore Sesaxvevebi, me-4 da 26-e skolebi...);<br />

4. roca SesityvebaSi gvaqvs erTi (umetesi) wyeba atributul msazRvrelTa<br />

(qarTuli da rusuli eneb-is, gare da Siga fuZeeb-is, zemo da qvemo sarTuleb-is da<br />

misT. tipisa).<br />

II. sazRvruli mxoloobiT ricxvSia dasmuli,<br />

1. roca mas saerTod ar ewarmoeba (ar Seefereba) mravlobiTi ricxvis forma<br />

(presa, arena, proza, poezia, kultura, civilizacia...);<br />

2. roca atributul msazRvrelebs damatebiT sazRvravs kidev raodenobiTi<br />

ricxviTi saxelebi (erTi didi da erTi patara kaci, vaJTa 6 da qalTa 5 gundi...);<br />

3. roca msazRvrelebi erTmaneTTan SekavSirebulia zogierTi kavSiriT (an,<br />

rogorc _ aseve || ise, arc _ arc, xan _ xan) da TandebuliT (Soris).<br />

III. sazRvrulis mravlobiTSi dasmis SemTxvevebi Seudareblad sWarbobs mxoloobiTSi<br />

dasmis SemTxvevebs. tendencia enisa am mxriv dRes sakmaod gamokveTilia.<br />

ram Seuwyo xeli am tendenciis gaCenas qarTulSi?<br />

vidre am kiTxvaze vupasuxebdeT, unda aRvniSnoT, rom saanalizo sityvaTSexameba<br />

axalia, Zveli da saSualo saukuneebis ZeglebSi aseTi Sewyoba ar gvxvdeba. mis sanacvlod<br />

saSualo saukuneebis qarTuli iyenebs SeiZleba nakleb lakoniurs, magram<br />

ufro cxad da qarTuli enisaTvis ufro bunebriv 'Sewyobas: didi da patara saxli ||<br />

saxlebi-s nacvlad iq gvaqvs didi saxli da patara saxli.<br />

Savi devi da xazaran devi sazarod kmano (`rusudaniani~).<br />

erTi glaxaki kaci movidoda gzasa. naxa ori gveli _ e r T i S a v i da e r T i w i T e l i<br />

(saba).<br />

erTi rigi sul TeTri orxao ewyo erTmaneTze, e r T i w i T e l i , e r T i m w v a n e<br />

(`rusudaniani").<br />

samni amxanagni Seiyarnen: erTi ispaaneli, erTi gilaneli da erTi<br />

ganjeli (saba).<br />

'<br />

Cven mier ganxiluli sityvaTSewyoba damkvidrda gasul saukuneSi da gabatonda<br />

ukve Cvens droSi. warmoSobiT igi e. w. sintaqsur-konstruqciuli kalki Cans, romelic<br />

mkvidrdeba saliteraturo enaSi. oRond saWiro xdeba dazusteba sazRvrulis<br />

ricxvis sakiTxisa. im SemTxvevaSi, roca Sinaarsis gabundovaneba mosalodneli araa,<br />

sadac sazRvrulis mxoloobiTi Tu mravlobiTi ricxvis forma frazas Sinaarss ver<br />

ucvlis, qarTulisaTvis ufro bunebrivi Cans sazRvrulis mxoloobiTi ricxvis<br />

formiT warmodgena. iseTi Sexamebebi, rogoricaa: pirveli da meore SemTxvevebi, IX<br />

da X klasebi, qarTuli da rusuli enebi, gare da Siga fuZeebi, zemo da qvemo sar-<br />

Tulebi, Zveli da axali Taobebi da misT. ar Cans bunebrivi. umjobesi iqneboda, saz-<br />

Rvruli mxoolobiTi ricxvis formiT yofiliyo warmodgenili. frazis Sinaarsi ar<br />

Seicvleboda da bunebriv qarTul gamoTqmasac SevinarCunebdiT. leqsikuri da gansakuTrebiT<br />

sintaqsuri kalki mxolod maSin emsaxureba enis gamdidrebis mniSvnelovan<br />

saqmes, Tu igi advilad Tavsdeba msesxebeli enis yalibSi, Tu msesxebel enaSi ucxo<br />

sxeulad ar ganicdeba.<br />

246

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