q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a
q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a
sax. moTxr. mic. mimarT. naT. moqm. wod. didi xis tot-i did-ma xis tot-ma did xis tot-s did xis tot-ad did-i xis tot-is did-i xis tot-iT did-o xis tot-o 228 didi xis toti didi xis tot-ma didi xis tot-s didi xis tot-ad didi xis tot-is didi xis tot-iT dido xis tot-o aqedan Cans, am ori gansxvavebuli tipis Sesityvebis sruli formaluri damTxveva gvaqvs saxelobiTsa, naTesaobiTsa da moqmedebiTs brunvaSi. swored es formebi qmnian orazrovnebas: sax. didi xis toti = didi xis toti da didi xis toti naT. didi xis tot-is = didi xis totis da didi xis totis moqm. didi xis tot-iT = didi xis totiT da didi xis totiT rac Seexeba sxva brunvebs, atributuli msazRvrelis gaformeba brunvis niSnebiT am ori tipis Sesityvebis garCevis SesaZleblobas qmnis: didma xis totma ukve aRar ireva meore SesityvebaSi, romelic moTxrobiTSi asea: didi xis totma. asevea mimarTulebiTsa da micemiTSi, Tumc sityvaTa rigi aqac veraa gamarTuli. magaliTad: [kacma] CibuxSi dauwyo TiTiT tena xelisgulze g a f S v n e t i l s Tambaqos klertebs (vaJa). radganac brunvis niSnebi ganarCeven am or gansxvavebul Sesityvebas, didi yuradReba unda mieqces maT marTebulad xmarebas. iakubma TviTon Seayena mixasi xmel SeSis zvinze (r. gvet.). xmel msazRvrelia SeSisa, masTan unda iyos SeTanxmebuli (xmelis). aq ki xmel brunvis niSanmokvecili formiTaa warmodgenili, zvin-Tan SeTanxmebuli gamodis da iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom xmelia zvini. unda iyos: xmeli SeSis zvinze. aseTia Cveni xvalindel gadacemaTa programa (telegadacema). Cveni msazRvrelia gadacemebisa, amitom unda iyos: Cven... gadacemaTa an Cveni xvalindeli gadacemebis... ambavi pirveli ofliani maneTis Sovnisa (m. javax.). unda iyos: pirveli ofliani maneTis, radgan pirveli gansazRvrebaa maneTisa. msgavsi SemTxvevebi SeTanxmebis aRrevisa gvxvdeba i. WavWavaZis nawerebSic: T a v i s ganuSorebel meuRliTurT... buCo erTi mxriv mTel kalos samxreTis n a p i r z e d gorasaviT gawoliliyo... luarsabi... swuxda e x l a n d e l d r o e b i s Wirisa gamo da sxv. maSasadame, sityvaTa rigSi istoriulad momxdarma cvlilebebma _ sityvaTa rigis Secvlam da SeTanxmebis moSlam gamoiwvia ori gansxvavebuli Sesityvebis garegnulad damsgavseba, ramac Seqmna orazrovnebis warmoSobis safrTxe. ra saSualeba monaxa enam am orazrovnebis Tavidan asacileblad? pirveli STabeWdileba aseTia: Tu SeTanxmebuli msazRvrelis win dasma orazrovnebas iwvevs, maSin es amxsneli SuaSi Caismis (xis didi toti), sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, zedsarTauli amxsneli didi uSualod win daesmis mis mier asaxsnel sityvas: Tu igi tots xsnis, gveqneba: xis didi toti, xolo, Tu xis msazRvrelia _ didi xis toti (swored ase esmiT es sakiTxi, rodesac weren: Zroxis civi qoni, wignis ori maRazia an Rvinis didi kasri). magram aseTi gadasma yovelTvis rodi xdeba. rogorc aRvniSneT, enaSi aris garkveuli gamonaTqvamebi, romlebTanac atributuli msazRvreli uyoymanod win ismis
miuxedavad imisa, rom mezoblad moxvedril msazRvrelTa semantikuri dakavSireba principulad SesaZlebelia. magaliTad: kargi Rvinis doqi. kargi Rvinoc SeiZleba iyos, magram aseTi dawyvilebis safrTxe ar iqmneba. aseve: maRali xis kibe (maRali kibe); uzarmazari muxis ficari (uzarmazaria ficari); lamazi qalis saaTi (lamazia saaTi); kargi qvis saxli (kargia saxli)... meore mxriv, zogjer msazRvrelTa semantikuri dakavSireba sulac araa mosalodneli da mainc atributuli msazRvreli meore adgilze Caismis xolme. magaliTad: amerikis ori TviTmfrinavi; respublikis mudmivi warmomadgeneli; makas guSindeli saqcieli; dedis SavCarCoiani suraTi... SeuZlebelia SeTanxmebul msazRvrelTa win dasmiT aseTi wyvilebi Seiqmnes: ori amerika, guSindeli makas, mudmivi respublikis, SavCarCoiani dedis... maSasadame, sityvaTa wyoba aq orazrovnebis Seqmnis saSiSroebiT veRar aixsneba, e. i. mxolod semantikuri mxare yovelTvis ver agvixsnis sityvaTa rigis Taviseburebebs. cxadia, rom raRac sxva faqtori axdens gavlenas sityvaTa rigze, gansazRvravs sityvaTa Tanamimdevrobas, awesrigebs mas. dakvirvebam gviCvena, rom mosalodneli bundovaneba da orazrovneba enaSi mowesrigda imis meSveobiT, rom moxda gamonaTqvamTa dajgufeba garkveuli wesis mixedviT. naTelia, rom, erTi mxriv, aris Sesityvebebi, romlebic garkveul simyares iCenen, ar iTiSebian da SeTanxmebul msazRvrels win daisvamen (Tundac iseTi msazRvrelebi iyridnen Tavs, romelTa Sinaarsobrivad dakavSireba SesaZlebeli iyos). meore mxriv ki _ gamonaTqvamebi, romelTac aseTi simyare ar gaaCniaT, iTiSebian da atributul, SeTanxmebul msazRvrels SuaSi CairTaven (Tundac am msazRvrelTa dasma orazrovnebis safrTxes ar qmnides). ra qmnis myar gamonaTqvams, _ xSirad xmareba, Tu mniSvnelobiTi mxare? rom xSirad xmareba ar aris gadamwyveti, iqidan Cans, rom bevri xSirad saxmari Sesityveba araa myari, iyofa da SeTanxmebul msazRvrels SuaSi Caisvams. magaliTad: zamTris Rame, mezoblis ezo, Semodgomis susxi, saqarTvelos spartakiada, koleqtivis wevri. vambobT: zamTris civi Rame, Semodgomis pirveli susxi, mezoblis amwvanebuli ezo, saqarTvelos meoTxe spartakiada, koleqtivis axali wevri... dakvirvebam gviCvena, rom marTulmsazRvreliani Sesityvebis simtkice da gamZleoba dakavSirebulia TviT am gamonaTqvamis SinaarsTan, mis mniSvnelobiTs mxaresTan, semantikasTan. S e d a r e b i T m e t s i m y a r e s i C e n e n (e. i. ar gaiTiSebian da maT Soris atributuli msazRvreli ar Caismis) i s e T i m a r T u l m s a z R v r e l i a n i S e s i t y v e b e b i , romlebSic msazRvrelebi gamoxataven masalas (nivTierebas), daniSnulebas an warmomavlobas. xolo iseTi Sesityvebebi, romlebSic msazRvrelebi kuTvnilebas gamoxataven, TiTqmis yovelTvis iTi- Sebian da atributuli msazRvreli SuaSia Casmuli. I. masalas an nivTierebas gadmoscemen msazRvrelebi Semdeg SesityvebebSi: oqros saaTi (beWedi, sayure, samajuri, Zewkvi, qinZisTavi, medalioni, maneTiani, fuli, gvirgvini, skiptra, medali, Rerbi, Tasi, Rili, jaWvi, madani, Zafi, Cardaxi, asoebi, xana, saukune...); vercxlis kovzi (beWedi, sayure, Tasi, Zewkvi, medali, saaTi, fuli, Rili, samarile, samajuri, badia...); spilenZis Tungi (qvabi, qafqiri, WurWeli, fuli, moneta, Sauriani, fari...); rkinis javSani (WiSkari, moajiri, liandagi, sawoli, galia, Rilebi, perangi...); jaWvis Cabalaxi (perangi...); aluminis WurWeli (qafqiri, kovzi, jami, qvabi, saxeluri...); Tujis qvabi (mili, fexebi...); 229
- Page 177 and 178: da...), magram imis gamo, rom II ka
- Page 179 and 180: kvlav erTi sadavo sakiTxis gamo 1 1
- Page 181 and 182: Cemken: ilia, 213, 3. ubralo damate
- Page 183 and 184: 183 arnold Ciqobava martivi winadad
- Page 185 and 186: aRguamaRlna man Cuen... dagÂcven S
- Page 187 and 188: aseTi micemiTi inversiul zmnebTan 6
- Page 189 and 190: aseTia Sedegi. p r o c e s o b r i
- Page 191 and 192: RS _ Cven, Tqven _ saxelobiTSia: RO
- Page 193 and 194: lebelo: n. dumb. 264. roca obieqtis
- Page 195 and 196: aseTi zmna emsgavseba gardamavali z
- Page 197 and 198: isini mieSvelnen mas || maT _ is mi
- Page 199 and 200: aseTive mdgomareobaa orpirianad qce
- Page 201 and 202: erTi sintaqsuri movlenis Sesaxeb 1
- Page 203 and 204: 3. atributuli msazRvrel-sazRvruli,
- Page 205 and 206: ubralo damateba Tu adgilis garemoeb
- Page 207 and 208: es xerxi (igi m. venslovas SemouTav
- Page 209 and 210: substantiuri msazRvreli 1 209 anton
- Page 211 and 212: SemTxvevaSi `Tu sasxviso qcevis for
- Page 213 and 214: unebas Cemi qveynis feri emateboda;
- Page 215 and 216: as karg adamianTa saxelebi gadavceT
- Page 217 and 218: 6. spilenZis veeba da mcire qvabebs
- Page 219 and 220: ai, ras vkiTxulobT komisiis dadgeni
- Page 221 and 222: d) kiTxviTi nacvalsaxeli: ra saamur
- Page 223 and 224: is dalocvili mRvdeli xSirad migebda
- Page 225 and 226: jaba... im nikelis sawolSi iwva (e.
- Page 227: ma, mwvane vels...)~ 12 . amgvarad,
- Page 231 and 232: kasri; gatexili Rvinis Wiqa; lamazi
- Page 233 and 234: cota rTuldeba saqme, rodesac dawese
- Page 235 and 236: 1. stendzea fotopiri ienis universi
- Page 237 and 238: 237 cira kalaZe sazRvruli saxelis r
- Page 239 and 240: moyvanili magaliTebis gverdiT gvxvd
- Page 241 and 242: sazRvravs atributuli da marTuli msa
- Page 243 and 244: Raribi xuros ojaxSi aRzrdilis ZarRv
- Page 245 and 246: xelmZR.). dargvis sixSiris mixedviT
- Page 247 and 248: zmnisarT-kavSirTa gamoyenebisaTvis
- Page 249 and 250: manam mebaRe moitanda, vezirma sxva
- Page 251 and 252: Si laparaki iqneba sareklamo saqmis
- Page 253 and 254: CarTuli 1 253 neli cqitiSvili CarTu
- Page 255 and 256: gvxvdeba, Zvel qarTulSi araa mkveTr
- Page 257 and 258: zoma-odenobis aRmniSvneli zmnizedeb
- Page 259 and 260: leben. swored am SemTxvevaSi ara gv
- Page 261 and 262: vneloba aqvs: 1. iqiTa mxares, im m
- Page 263 and 264: Si albaT TandaTan icleba leqsikuri
- Page 265 and 266: oca igi CarTulis funqcias asrulebs.
- Page 267 and 268: ziciaSia igi meore zmna-Semasmenlis
- Page 269 and 270: uxeiro damwersa (ilia); Tu rusTavel
- Page 271 and 272: darRveva. masalis simciris gamo igi
- Page 273 and 274: a l b a T , axalgazrdobas yvela dro
- Page 275 and 276: gvagonebs glaxa WriaSvilis _ am ,,s
- Page 277 and 278: ogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, ambobs фant
sax.<br />
moTxr.<br />
mic.<br />
mimarT.<br />
naT.<br />
moqm.<br />
wod.<br />
didi xis tot-i<br />
did-ma xis tot-ma<br />
did xis tot-s<br />
did xis tot-ad<br />
did-i xis tot-is<br />
did-i xis tot-iT<br />
did-o xis tot-o<br />
228<br />
didi xis toti<br />
didi xis tot-ma<br />
didi xis tot-s<br />
didi xis tot-ad<br />
didi xis tot-is<br />
didi xis tot-iT<br />
dido xis tot-o<br />
aqedan Cans, am ori gansxvavebuli tipis Sesityvebis sruli formaluri damTxveva<br />
gvaqvs saxelobiTsa, naTesaobiTsa da moqmedebiTs brunvaSi. swored es formebi qmnian<br />
orazrovnebas:<br />
sax. didi xis toti = didi xis toti da didi xis toti<br />
naT. didi xis tot-is = didi xis totis da didi xis totis<br />
moqm. didi xis tot-iT = didi xis totiT da didi xis totiT<br />
rac Seexeba sxva brunvebs, atributuli msazRvrelis gaformeba brunvis niSnebiT<br />
am ori tipis Sesityvebis garCevis SesaZleblobas qmnis:<br />
didma xis totma ukve aRar ireva meore SesityvebaSi, romelic moTxrobiTSi asea:<br />
didi xis totma. asevea mimarTulebiTsa da micemiTSi, Tumc sityvaTa rigi aqac veraa<br />
gamarTuli.<br />
magaliTad: [kacma] CibuxSi dauwyo TiTiT tena xelisgulze g a f S v n e t i l s<br />
Tambaqos klertebs (vaJa).<br />
radganac brunvis niSnebi ganarCeven am or gansxvavebul Sesityvebas, didi yuradReba<br />
unda mieqces maT marTebulad xmarebas.<br />
iakubma TviTon Seayena mixasi xmel SeSis zvinze (r. gvet.).<br />
xmel msazRvrelia SeSisa, masTan unda iyos SeTanxmebuli (xmelis). aq ki xmel<br />
brunvis niSanmokvecili formiTaa warmodgenili, zvin-Tan SeTanxmebuli gamodis da<br />
iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom xmelia zvini. unda iyos: xmeli SeSis zvinze.<br />
aseTia Cveni xvalindel gadacemaTa programa (telegadacema). Cveni msazRvrelia<br />
gadacemebisa, amitom unda iyos: Cven... gadacemaTa an Cveni xvalindeli gadacemebis...<br />
ambavi pirveli ofliani maneTis Sovnisa (m. javax.).<br />
unda iyos: pirveli ofliani maneTis, radgan pirveli gansazRvrebaa maneTisa.<br />
msgavsi SemTxvevebi SeTanxmebis aRrevisa gvxvdeba i. WavWavaZis nawerebSic: T a v i s<br />
ganuSorebel meuRliTurT... buCo erTi mxriv mTel kalos samxreTis<br />
n a p i r z e d gorasaviT gawoliliyo... luarsabi... swuxda e x l a n d e l d r o e b i s<br />
Wirisa gamo da sxv.<br />
maSasadame, sityvaTa rigSi istoriulad momxdarma cvlilebebma _ sityvaTa rigis<br />
Secvlam da SeTanxmebis moSlam gamoiwvia ori gansxvavebuli Sesityvebis garegnulad<br />
damsgavseba, ramac Seqmna orazrovnebis warmoSobis safrTxe.<br />
ra saSualeba monaxa enam am orazrovnebis Tavidan asacileblad? pirveli STabeWdileba<br />
aseTia: Tu SeTanxmebuli msazRvrelis win dasma orazrovnebas iwvevs, maSin<br />
es amxsneli SuaSi Caismis (xis didi toti), sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, zedsarTauli amxsneli<br />
didi uSualod win daesmis mis mier asaxsnel sityvas: Tu igi tots xsnis,<br />
gveqneba: xis didi toti, xolo, Tu xis msazRvrelia _ didi xis toti (swored ase<br />
esmiT es sakiTxi, rodesac weren: Zroxis civi qoni, wignis ori maRazia an Rvinis didi<br />
kasri).<br />
magram aseTi gadasma yovelTvis rodi xdeba. rogorc aRvniSneT, enaSi aris garkveuli<br />
gamonaTqvamebi, romlebTanac atributuli msazRvreli uyoymanod win ismis
Change language