q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a
q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a
gancxadeba imisa, rom `maqvs~, `myavs~, `mZuls~ an misTana zmnebSi obieqturi niSniT gamoxatuli piri realurad moqmedi piriao, araa dasabuTebuli. mivmarToT magaliTs: aviRoT `mZuls~, romelic tipiuria grZnobis gamomxatvel zmnebs Soris (mZuls, miyvars, momwons, msurs, mZags, mezizReba da sxv.). ra moqmedebas gviCvenebs is? _ mxolod imas, rom viRaca siZulvilis grZnobiT aris Sepyrobili garkveuli piris an sagnis mimarT: qeTos kote sZuls, qeTos Tevzi sZuls, qeTos Cxubi sZuls da misT. Cans Tu ara, rom qeTo moqmedebdes an koteze, an Tevzze, an sxva rameze? _ ara, ar Cans. maS ra urTierTobaa maT Soris? Tu msjelobis gamosavlad qeTos aviRebT, unda vTqvaT, rom qeTo aris moZule kotesi, Tevzisa Cxubisa da misT. da Tu gamosavlad kotes, Tevzsa da sxvas aviRebT, gveqneba: kote, Tevzi, Cxubi siZulvilis sagnebia qe- TosTvis, e. i. es iseTi sagnebia, romlebic siZulvils aRZraven qeToSi. vTqvaT qeTo sacole iyo kotesi. kotem qeTos nacvlad sxva SeirTo da qeTom amis Semdeg kote SeiZula. sakiTxavia realurad vin imoqmeda visze, vin gamoiwvia siZulvilis grZnoba? ra Tqma unda, ara qeTom, aramed kotem, magram es iyo dasawyis periodSi, exla ki, roca vTqviT, `qeTos kote sZuls~-o, aRiniSna mxolod is, rom kote siZulvilis sagania qeTosTvis. SeiZleba Tqmuli sakmarisi ar iyos imis dasamtkiceblad, rom `mZuls~ tipis zmnebTan realurad moqmedi piri ar SeiZleba iyos micemiTSi dayenebuli saxeli. amitom saWiroa ufro vrceli ganmarteba. daviwyoT martivi magaliTidan. `civa~ zmna pir-naklia, ixmareba marto mesame sub. pirSi, isic raime saxelis Seuwyoblad, e. i. impersonalurad: civa, cioda, ciodes. raki saxeli ar ewyoba, arc viciT, vin moqmedebs, an ra moqmedebs. amitom, roca mas or-pirianad gadavakeTebT (mciva, gciva, sciva, gvciva...), moqmedi mainc ar moemateba, impersonaluri gageba mainc darCeba (subieqturi pirisaTvis), oRond moemateba iribi piri, romelsac sicivis SegrZneba aqvs, sxva ki araferi. mciva-Si rom I piri miviCnioT gramatikul subieqtad, es imas niSnavs, rom absoluturi forma (e. i. civa) imitom gaxda impersonaluri, rom mas Camoecala m an sxva manis rigis niSani. amitom `mciva~- Si rom pirv. piri vicnaT gramatikul subieqtad, es absurdi iqneba, imitom rom aq aravin ar moqmedebs, ise rogorc `mcxela~ an `damcxa~-Si: `dRes Zalian dacxa~, aq zmna erT-piriani impersonaluri formaa subieqtisaTvis. amitom am winadadebaSi `vanos dRes Zalian dascxa~ subieqti ar Cans, `vanos~ ki iribi obieqtia. amgvarive usubieqto gamoTqmebia: mawvims, maTovs da rigi sxva zmnebisa: maciebs, macxelebs, cxvirs maceminebs, maslokinebs, guls mazidebs, muxlebi momkveTa, gamaJrJola, tanSi mzaravs da misT. am zmnebs subieqturi piris fardi saxeli ar Seewyoba da, maSasadame, saTanado winadadebac usubieqto iqneba. raRaa maSin I piri `mciva~ an `damcxa~ formaSi? pasuxi SeiZleba erTad-erTi iyos: umoqmedo piri, e. i. gramatikuli obieqti. `mcivasaviT~ usubieqtoa dRes zmnebi: mZinavs, mRviZavs, mSia, mwyuria da misT. maTTan Sewyobili saxeli micemiT brunvaSi iribi obieqti iqneba (da ara subieqti): bavSvs sZinavs, hRviZavs, hSia, hswyuria da misT. Tu aseT zmnebs Seewyoba saxelobiTSi dasmuli saxeli, es saxeli iqneba qvemdebare: bavSvs wyali swyuria, bavSvs puri hSia da misT. maSasadame, ase: `bavSvs puri hSia~, qvemdebarea `puri~ da ara `bavSvs~, romelic iribi obieqtia. samagierod aq: `bavSvs sZinavs~ _ gramatikuli subieqti ara gvaqvs (zmnis forma impersonaluria), xolo `bavSvs~ iqneba iribi obieqti. sul sxvaa winadadeba: `bavSvi iZinebs~, sadac `bavSvi~ gramat. subieqtia (qvemdebarea). didi Secdoma iqneba Tqma imisi, rom es ori winadadeba `bavSvs sZinavs~ da `bav- Svi iZinebs~ Tanabari sintaqsuri urTierTobis gamomxatveliao; ara, isini sxvadasxva sintaqsuri urTierTobis gamomxatveli winadadebebia. rac iTqva `sZinavs~ formasTan Sewyobil saxelze, igive iTqmis imave tipis `hRvi- Zavs~ zmnis wyvilis calzedac. `bavSvs hRviZavs~ _ aq `bavSvs~ agreTve iribi obieqtia. samagierod aq: `bavSvi iRviZebs~ `bavSvi~ qvemdebarea (subieqtia). ra mimarTebacaa sZinavs _ iZinebs da hRviZavs _ iRviZebs zmnebs Soris, igivea agreTve Semdeg wyvilebs Sorisac: uyvars _ iyvarebs, sZuls _ iZulebs, stkiva _ itkivebs da misT. 22
Tqmulis Semdeg advili gadasawyvetia, Tu rogor unda SevxedoT or-pirian gardauval zmnaTa wyvilis calebs, rogoricaa: qeTos kote sZuls, qals koxtaoba moswons, Svils deda uyvars, petres saxli aqvs, Tebros cxvari hyavs, luarsabs gaexarda, elisabeds ewyina (i. WavW.) da misT. aRniSnuli saerTo wesis gamonakliss Seadgens `vici~ zmnis mesame seriis formebi da `maqvs~ da `myavs~ zmnaTagan darTviT nawarmoebi zmnebi: momaqvs, momyavs da sxvebi. vici. am zmnas metad Taviseburi warmoeba aqvs. rogorc ara erTxel aRminiSnavs (pirvelad gamokvlevaSi subieqt-obieqturi prefiqsebis Sesaxeb, gv. 6, SnS 2) 24 , `vici~ warmoSobiT II seriis formaa. saxeldobr II xolmeobiTisa, rasac mesame piris sintaqsuri Zala aCens: megobarma icis, man icis. mas sazogadod II seriis mwkrivebi aklia, radganac Tavad II xolmeobiTis formaa warmoSobiT, sxva mwkrivebi am seriisa adre dakarga da I seriaSi gadmosvlasTan dakavSirebiT xelaxla gaikeTa samagiero mwkrivebi: vici, vicodi, vicode. III seriis formebia: mcodnia, mcodnoda, mcodnodes, rac warmoebis TvalsazrisiT srul kontrasts warmoadgens `vici _ vicodi _ vicode~ formebTan dapirispirebiT, radganac `vici~ pirdapiri wyobis formaa da gardamavali da III seriaSi mas unda moeca ara mcodnia, mcodnoda, mcodnodes, aramed raRac amgvari: micnia, mecna, mecnos (an: micodnia, mecodna, mecodnos), rogorc amas adgili aqvs inversiuli formebis warmoebis dros. `mcodnia~ ki warmoebis TvalsazrisiT imave tipisaa, rac `mwolia~ (romelsac awmyod `miwevs~ an `mawevs~ aqvs), an `mdgomia~ (romlis awmyoa `midgas~ an `madgas~). maSasadame, vici _ mcodnia Sereuli uRlebis zmnaa: awmyos wris mwkrivebis formebi gardmavali zmnis tipisaa, III seriisa ki _ gardauvalisa. gviandeli mwkrivebic (myofadis wrisa) agreTve gardauvali zmnis msgavsad aqvs gakeTebuli: mecodineba, mecodineboda, mecodinebodes (Sdr. maxlavs: mexleba, mexleboda, mexlebodes da misT.). exla aviRoT aseTi winadadeba: `vanom durgloba icis~ da davuyenoT mas pirispir meore winadadeba: `vanos durgloba scodnia~ da vikiTxoT: ra gansxvavebaa maT Soris? pirvel winadadebaSi Semasmeneli gardamavali zmnis formiTaa mocemuli da cxadia, rom gramatikuli subieqtia `vanom~, xolo `durgloba~ pird. obieqtia. meore winadadebaSi ki Semasmeneli (`scodnia~) gardauvali zmnis formiTaa mocemuli da erTi SexedviT is ise unda dafasdes, rogorc sxva gardauvali zmnis SemTxvevaSi, vTqvaT aseT winadadebebSi: vanos durgloba dahviwynia, vanos durgloba gahxsenebia, vanos durgloba moswyenia, vanos durgloba Sesjavrebia, vanos durgloba moswonebia, vanos durgloba Sehyvarebia da misT., sadac gramatikuli subieqti yvelgan `durgloba~ aris, xolo `vanos~ _ iribi obieqti. ukanasknelTa kvalifikacia ar aris Zneli, radganac maT I da II seriis mwkrivebSic iseTive sintaqsuri urTierToba aqvT, rogorc mesamisaSi: vanos durgloba daaviwydeba, vanos durgloba daaviwyda, vanos durgloba dahviwynia; vanos durgloba moewoneba, vanos durgloba moewona, vanos durgloba moswonebia da misT. ase rom aRniSnul gardauval zmnebTan, romlebic gvaris TvalsazrisiT vnebiTebia, sintaqsuri konstruqcia yvela seriis formebSi er- Ti da igivea, maSasadame, winadadebis wevrTa kvalifikaciac erTi da igive iqneba: `durgloba~ iqneba subieqti (anu qvemdebare), `vanos~ ki _ iribi obieqti. sul sxva viTareba gvaqvs `vici~ zmnis SemTxvevaSi: miuxedavad imisa, rom `vici~ da `mcodnia~ sxvadasxvagvarad agebuli formebia, gramatikuli SinaarsiT isini er- Tnia da erTmaneTis magivrobas ewevian mwkrivebSi. marTlac, zmnebi icis _ scodnia 24 a. S a n i Z e , qarTuli enis struqturisa da istoriis sakiTxebi, 1. 1957, gv. 121. 23
- Page 1 and 2: g a m o c d e b i s e r o v n u l i
- Page 3 and 4: S e s a v a l i `maswavleblis bibli
- Page 5 and 6: lopis kunZuls niSnavs: Πελοπό
- Page 7 and 8: da, roca qaragmas gavxsniT da Zvel
- Page 9 and 10: merme Camodga S e r T u l T a (*501
- Page 11 and 12: 3. Sexewie bolnisis sionis sakurTxe
- Page 13 and 14: gramatikuli subieqti zogierT gardau
- Page 15 and 16: gansakuTrebiT naTlad Cans subieqti
- Page 17 and 18: luri mxare, aramed am zmnebis mniSv
- Page 19 and 20: da, yvarebia, eyvareba; uyvardes, y
- Page 21: fologiurad gagebuli da dafasebulia
- Page 25 and 26: vTqvaT, rom `moaqvs~ da `mohyavs~ i
- Page 27 and 28: gardauvalma zmnebma ki sazogadod in
- Page 29 and 30: dinamikurs, kerZod, gamoxatavs dina
- Page 31 and 32: gramatikulma subieqtma sabolood dak
- Page 33 and 34: Tavis adgils. es procesi enis ganvi
- Page 35 and 36: ⎡ i⎤ sga / ska da qa zmniswineb
- Page 37 and 38: gamoekueTa kldisagan (DE mT 27, 60)
- Page 39 and 40: ma- zmniswini yovelgvari asimilacii
- Page 41 and 42: amitom is I piris myofobis areSi ig
- Page 43 and 44: war- zmniswinis zemoaRniSnuli mniSv
- Page 45 and 46: mimarTulebas gadmoscems; mag.: a R
- Page 47 and 48: 7. uku-, wiaR-. Zvel qarTulSi iSvia
- Page 49 and 50: Sinaarsobrivi an stiluric aris, ker
- Page 51 and 52: lian xSirad aris warmodgenili erTi
- Page 53 and 54: seburi daboloebiTac, magaliTad: ibm
- Page 55 and 56: tipis vnebiTebSic (gaTbnen, aSendne
- Page 57 and 58: g. orpiriani vnebiTi gvaris zmnebis
- Page 59 and 60: zog SemTxvevaSi gamoCndeba), magram
- Page 61 and 62: saTvis. asea sil. xundaZesTan, ias.
- Page 63 and 64: 1. awmyosagan iwarmoeba (`awmdgomis
- Page 65 and 66: gan gansxvavebiT, TurmeobiTi meore,
- Page 67 and 68: axsna mecnierebis mizans warmoadgen
- Page 69 and 70: TulSi gvaqvs (ubrZanebies, dauteveb
- Page 71 and 72: Zveli qarTulis ZeglebSi ar mogvepov
gancxadeba imisa, rom `maqvs~, `myavs~, `mZuls~ an misTana zmnebSi obieqturi niSniT<br />
gamoxatuli piri realurad moqmedi piriao, araa dasabuTebuli. mivmarToT magaliTs:<br />
aviRoT `mZuls~, romelic tipiuria grZnobis gamomxatvel zmnebs Soris<br />
(mZuls, miyvars, momwons, msurs, mZags, mezizReba da sxv.). ra moqmedebas gviCvenebs is?<br />
_ mxolod imas, rom viRaca siZulvilis grZnobiT aris Sepyrobili garkveuli piris<br />
an sagnis mimarT: qeTos kote sZuls, qeTos Tevzi sZuls, qeTos Cxubi sZuls da misT.<br />
Cans Tu ara, rom qeTo moqmedebdes an koteze, an Tevzze, an sxva rameze? _ ara, ar<br />
Cans. maS ra urTierTobaa maT Soris? Tu msjelobis gamosavlad qeTos aviRebT, unda<br />
vTqvaT, rom qeTo aris moZule kotesi, Tevzisa Cxubisa da misT. da Tu gamosavlad<br />
kotes, Tevzsa da sxvas aviRebT, gveqneba: kote, Tevzi, Cxubi siZulvilis sagnebia qe-<br />
TosTvis, e. i. es iseTi sagnebia, romlebic siZulvils aRZraven qeToSi. vTqvaT qeTo<br />
sacole iyo kotesi. kotem qeTos nacvlad sxva SeirTo da qeTom amis Semdeg kote<br />
SeiZula. sakiTxavia realurad vin imoqmeda visze, vin gamoiwvia siZulvilis grZnoba?<br />
ra Tqma unda, ara qeTom, aramed kotem, magram es iyo dasawyis periodSi, exla ki,<br />
roca vTqviT, `qeTos kote sZuls~-o, aRiniSna mxolod is, rom kote siZulvilis sagania<br />
qeTosTvis.<br />
SeiZleba Tqmuli sakmarisi ar iyos imis dasamtkiceblad, rom `mZuls~ tipis<br />
zmnebTan realurad moqmedi piri ar SeiZleba iyos micemiTSi dayenebuli saxeli.<br />
amitom saWiroa ufro vrceli ganmarteba.<br />
daviwyoT martivi magaliTidan. `civa~ zmna pir-naklia, ixmareba marto mesame sub.<br />
pirSi, isic raime saxelis Seuwyoblad, e. i. impersonalurad: civa, cioda, ciodes.<br />
raki saxeli ar ewyoba, arc viciT, vin moqmedebs, an ra moqmedebs. amitom, roca mas<br />
or-pirianad gadavakeTebT (mciva, gciva, sciva, gvciva...), moqmedi mainc ar moemateba,<br />
impersonaluri gageba mainc darCeba (subieqturi pirisaTvis), oRond moemateba iribi<br />
piri, romelsac sicivis SegrZneba aqvs, sxva ki araferi. mciva-Si rom I piri miviCnioT<br />
gramatikul subieqtad, es imas niSnavs, rom absoluturi forma (e. i. civa) imitom<br />
gaxda impersonaluri, rom mas Camoecala m an sxva manis rigis niSani. amitom `mciva~-<br />
Si rom pirv. piri vicnaT gramatikul subieqtad, es absurdi iqneba, imitom rom aq<br />
aravin ar moqmedebs, ise rogorc `mcxela~ an `damcxa~-Si: `dRes Zalian dacxa~, aq<br />
zmna erT-piriani impersonaluri formaa subieqtisaTvis. amitom am winadadebaSi `vanos<br />
dRes Zalian dascxa~ subieqti ar Cans, `vanos~ ki iribi obieqtia.<br />
amgvarive usubieqto gamoTqmebia: mawvims, maTovs da rigi sxva zmnebisa: maciebs,<br />
macxelebs, cxvirs maceminebs, maslokinebs, guls mazidebs, muxlebi momkveTa, gamaJrJola,<br />
tanSi mzaravs da misT. am zmnebs subieqturi piris fardi saxeli ar Seewyoba<br />
da, maSasadame, saTanado winadadebac usubieqto iqneba. raRaa maSin I piri `mciva~<br />
an `damcxa~ formaSi? pasuxi SeiZleba erTad-erTi iyos: umoqmedo piri, e. i. gramatikuli<br />
obieqti. `mcivasaviT~ usubieqtoa dRes zmnebi: mZinavs, mRviZavs, mSia, mwyuria<br />
da misT. maTTan Sewyobili saxeli micemiT brunvaSi iribi obieqti iqneba (da ara subieqti):<br />
bavSvs sZinavs, hRviZavs, hSia, hswyuria da misT. Tu aseT zmnebs Seewyoba saxelobiTSi<br />
dasmuli saxeli, es saxeli iqneba qvemdebare: bavSvs wyali swyuria, bavSvs<br />
puri hSia da misT. maSasadame, ase: `bavSvs puri hSia~, qvemdebarea `puri~ da ara<br />
`bavSvs~, romelic iribi obieqtia. samagierod aq: `bavSvs sZinavs~ _ gramatikuli subieqti<br />
ara gvaqvs (zmnis forma impersonaluria), xolo `bavSvs~ iqneba iribi obieqti.<br />
sul sxvaa winadadeba: `bavSvi iZinebs~, sadac `bavSvi~ gramat. subieqtia (qvemdebarea).<br />
didi Secdoma iqneba Tqma imisi, rom es ori winadadeba `bavSvs sZinavs~ da `bav-<br />
Svi iZinebs~ Tanabari sintaqsuri urTierTobis gamomxatveliao; ara, isini sxvadasxva<br />
sintaqsuri urTierTobis gamomxatveli winadadebebia.<br />
rac iTqva `sZinavs~ formasTan Sewyobil saxelze, igive iTqmis imave tipis `hRvi-<br />
Zavs~ zmnis wyvilis calzedac. `bavSvs hRviZavs~ _ aq `bavSvs~ agreTve iribi obieqtia.<br />
samagierod aq: `bavSvi iRviZebs~ `bavSvi~ qvemdebarea (subieqtia). ra mimarTebacaa sZinavs<br />
_ iZinebs da hRviZavs _ iRviZebs zmnebs Soris, igivea agreTve Semdeg wyvilebs<br />
Sorisac: uyvars _ iyvarebs, sZuls _ iZulebs, stkiva _ itkivebs da misT.<br />
22
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