q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a
q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a
albaT, am SemTxvevaSi -ken Tandebuliani sityvebis sxva formiT warmodgena gaWirdeboda. magram xSirad iolad icvleba -ken Tandebuliani saxeli sxva formiT. magaliTad: mwuxare RrialiT gaqanda elgujasaken: a. y. 1, 74 (an SeiZleba: elgujasTan); raikomis mdivnisaken gaemarTa: g. S. 147, 30 (mdivanTan gaemarTa). es ukanaskneli viTareba ki, roca SeiZleba sxva Tandebuliani saxeli Seenacvlos -ken Tandebulians, marTvis dasustebis gamomxatvelia, dadasturebaa imisa, rom `mar- Tvis dasustebis procesi dResac grZeldeba~ 20 . am gziT, `marTvis dasustebis xaziT, mivdivarT mirTvisaken. am xazze ki SeiZleba Segvxvdes iseTi movlenebi, romelTa Sesaxeb Znelia Tqma _ marTvaa igi Tu mirTva~ 21 . rogorc Cans, am sintaqsur urTierTobas ganapirobebs zmna-Semasmenelic. -ken Tandebuliani saxeli swored `moZraobis~ wris zmnebTanaa mirTuli: `mihyavs~, `adis~, `gaqanda~, `gaemgzavra~, `gaemarTa~ da a. S., romlebic gamonaklisis gareSe gadaadgilebas, mimarTulebas (sivrculsa da arasivrculs) gamoxataven. am sintaqsur wyvilSi -ken Tandebuliani saxelis marTva Sesustebulia, TiTqos mirTvaa, magram mirTuli nimuSebi: gaqanda elgujasaken (elgujasTan), wavida mefisaken (mefesTan), mihyavs didebisaken (didebasTan) mainc ubralo damatebad migvaCnia, radganac mimarTuleba exeba pirovnebas an iseT cnebas, romlis sivrced, teritoriad, adgilad aRqma SeuZlebelia. ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi mimarTuleba, gadaadgileba arasivrculi iqneba. Tanac es nimuSebi `sad?~ kiTxvas ar gamoricxavs, rac erTxel kidev adasturebs imas, rom enaSi SeiZleba arsebobdes ara marto iseTi Sualeduri movlenebi, romel- Ta Sesaxeb Znelia Tqma _ marTvaa igi Tu mirTva, aramed Sualeduri movlenebi Sinaarsis mixedviTac da miT ufro Sinaarsis mixedviT, radganac swored es ukanasknelia subieqturi sazomi. ase vvaraudobT ara marto -ken Tandebuliani saxelis mimarT, aramed yovelgvari Tandebuliani saxelis mimarT, romelic orgvari mniSvnelobiT gvxvdeba: damatebisa da garemoebisa. magaliTad, miwas daeca da miwaze daeca _ cnobili enobrivi procesia: iribi damateba (miwas) e. i. pirmimarTi damateba Tandebulis meSveobiT daukav- Sirda zmna-Semasmenels, pirmiumarTavi gaxda, rogorc mas uwodebda prof. v. Tofuria. amgvari sintaqsuri urTierTobis Secvlis Sedegi ubralo anu pirmiumarTavi damateba unda iyos, magram droTa viTarebaSi -ze Tandebuliani saxeli garemoebad gaazrianda, rodesac adamianis cnobierebaSi sivrcisa da teritoriis cneba daukavSirda Tandebulian saxels. mkacri sintaqsuri urTierTobis mixedviT rom vimsjeloT, SeiZleba ufro martivadac gadawydes sakiTxi, Tuki yvela Tandebulian saxels meorexarisxovan wevrs vuwodebT, radganac sintaqsuri urTierTobis mixedviT isini erTmaneTisagan ar gansxvavdebian. am etapze ki, roca winadadebis wevrTa gamoyofisas araa ugulebelyofili Sinaarsobrivi mxare, -ken Tandebuliani saxelic SeiZleba iyos rogorc garemoeba, aseve ubralo, anu pirmiumarTavi damateba, radganac isic iseve monawileobs sityvaTSexamebebSi, sadac gabatonebuli wevri zmnaa, rogorc sxva Tandebuliani sityvebi, romlebic `orgvar semantikur damokidebulebas gviCveneben: damatebiTs (obieqturs) da garemoebiTs (adverbialurs)~ 22 . amgvarad, -ken Tandebuliani saxeli ubralo damatebad unda miviCnioT, Tu igi miuTiTebs: a) arasivrcul gadaadgilebas an b) sivrcul gadaadgilebas sulieri yvela da arasulieri iseTi sagnebisaken, romelTac sivrceSi masStaburi orientiris mniSvneloba ara aqvT. 20 a . d a v i T i a n i , dasax. naSromi, gv. 293-294. 21 arn. Ciqobava, dasax. naSromi, gv. 120. 22 a . d a v i T i a n i , dasax. naSromi, gv. 288. 182
183 arnold Ciqobava martivi winadadebis evoluciis ZiriTadi tendenciebi qarTulSi 1 I narkvevSi `martivi winadadebis problema qarTulSi, I...“ SemTxveva gvqonda Zveli qarTulis masalis analizis saSualebiT gveCvenebina, rom: 1. qarTuli winadadebis sintaqsuri meqanizmi xasiaTdeba rigi TaviseburebiT, rac arsebiTad ganasxvavebs mas evropis Zvel da axal enaTa winadadebis sintaqsuri meqanizmisagan; 2. am sintaqsur TaviseburebaTa wyaroa morfologiuri Tavisebureba: zmnaSi subieqtis pirisa da ricxvis garda obieqtis pirisa da ricxvis aRniSvna, ris gamoc: 3. orpirian zmnebSi, gardamavalSica da gardauvalSic, subieqti da obieqti a r - sebiTad erTnairi sintaqsuri uflebiT sargeblobs: subieqtis sintaqsuri Zala ganelebulia, obieqtisa _ gaZlierebuli, da amis Semdeg sintaqsuri dapirispireba subieqtisa (qvemdebarisa) da obieqtisa (damatebisa) moxsnilia, damateba winadadebis meorexarisxovani wevri ki araa, aramed iseTive `mTavari~ wevria, rogorc qvemdebare 2 . axal qarTulSi winadadebis sintaqsuri meqanizmis sqematurma analizma 3 cxadi gaxada, rom sityvaTa sintaqsuri urTierTobis p r i n c i p i ar Secvlila; arc SeiZleboda Secvliliyo, ramdenadac dagvrCa winandeli morfologiuri safuZveli: zmnis polipersonaluroba _ axal qarTulSi zmnaTa didi wilis uRvlileba subieqtisa da obieqtis pirTa cvlas gulisxmobs iseve, rogorc Zvel qarTulSi. piris aRniSvnis cvlileba ar momxdara (mxedvelobaSi ar viRebT piris n i S a n T a mxriv arsebul cvlilebebs). samagierod, moxda cvlileba ricxvis aRniSvnaSi: sintaqsuri cvlileba, rac qarTuli martivi winadadebis meqanizmSi miviReT, ekvivalenturia im cvlilebisa, rac winadadebis morfologiur safuZvelSi, zmnis uRlebaSi, aisaxa. ZiriTadi movlena, riTac xasiaTdeba es cvlileba, or garemoebaSi iCens Tavs: er- Tis mxriT, viRebT saxelobiTi brunvis sintaqsuri rolis dasustebas, meore mxriv ki, _ micemiTi brunvis rolis gaZlierebas 4 . orive mJRavndeba mravlobiT ricxvSi saTanado saxelebisa (saxelobiTisa da micemi- Tis) da zmnis urTierTobaSi, zmnis SeTanxmeba-arSeTanxmebaSi xsenebul saxelebTan. raSi mdgomareobs es cvlileba? ra iwvevs mas? saxelobiTi brunva Zvel qarTulSi, rogorc cnobilia, iwarmoeboda -n- da -eb- sufiqsebiT. maTgan pirveli (-n-) zmnas iTanxmebda ricxvSi yovelTvis imisda miuxedavad, realur subieqts udrida es saxelobiTi Tu realur obieqts: ...ZmaÁ igi vals _ Z m a n i i g i v l e n a n ... ...mas uyuars s a m w y s o Á T  s i _ m a s u y u a r a n s a m w y s o n i T  s n i ... ...petres k l i t À aqus _ petres k l i t e n i h q o n a n sasufevelisani... ...mas v e n a à i daunergavs _ mas v e n a à n i d a u n e r g v i a n ... ...ganakurva man igi _ ese v˜riTa sityÂTa g a n a k u r v n a mSobelni... mesame piris Sesaxeb Tqmuli savsebiT exeba pirvelsa da meore pirsac. 1 a r n . C i q o b a v a , martivi winadadebis problema qarTulSi, I, Tb., 1968. 2 a r n . C i q o b a v a , martivi winadadebis problema qarTulSi, I. qvemdebare-damatebis sakiTxi Zvels qarTulSi, Tbilisi, 1968, gv. gv. 213-222. 3 a r n . C i q o b a v a , ra Taviseburebebi axasiaTebs qarTuli enis agebulebas? V: Jurn. `kulturuli aRmSenebloba, 1930, gv. 741, # 7/8. 4 pirvel rigSi es exeba mesame piris saxelebs.
- Page 131 and 132: siwiTle _ abstraqciaa (`wiTlis Tvis
- Page 133 and 134: dabali _ dabla neli _ nela Cqari _
- Page 135 and 136: Tandebuli qarTulSi 1 135 aram marti
- Page 137 and 138: * * * Tandebulia nawilaki, romelic
- Page 139 and 140: saSuali qarTulis zogierT ZeglSi ari
- Page 141 and 142: Ti qarTulSi odesRac garCeuli gramat
- Page 143 and 144: Sina Sedis Sinagan zmnisarTSi: Sina
- Page 145 and 146: saxelsac) e r T a d zmnisarTi mosde
- Page 147 and 148: poves saxlaki erTi C r d i l o ჲ
- Page 149 and 150: ebr Tandebuli aRniSnavs m s g a v s
- Page 151 and 152: saS. qarTulSi g a n Tandebulian sax
- Page 153 and 154: zogierT ZeglSi u r T Tandebuli mcda
- Page 155 and 156: 11. viT sxvebTan erTad h. fogtma aR
- Page 157 and 158: S v i l s Soris mZime siCume (g. we
- Page 159 and 160: dokumentebSi w i l -s zogjer enacvl
- Page 161 and 162: ) udrida garda Tandebuls. win ixmar
- Page 163 and 164: Sorisdebuli axal saliteraturo qarTu
- Page 165 and 166: visp.); `eh, Zmav, wadi Sen Sens gz
- Page 167 and 168: gilourSi m. j a n a S v i l s (`her
- Page 169 and 170: nasxvaveben. mdidari intonaciur-eqs
- Page 171 and 172: nazmnari modaluri elementebi qarTul
- Page 173 and 174: semantikisgan daclilia): `lamis, ro
- Page 175 and 176: awmyo: u-n-a u-nd-a namyo usruli: u
- Page 177 and 178: da...), magram imis gamo, rom II ka
- Page 179 and 180: kvlav erTi sadavo sakiTxis gamo 1 1
- Page 181: Cemken: ilia, 213, 3. ubralo damate
- Page 185 and 186: aRguamaRlna man Cuen... dagÂcven S
- Page 187 and 188: aseTi micemiTi inversiul zmnebTan 6
- Page 189 and 190: aseTia Sedegi. p r o c e s o b r i
- Page 191 and 192: RS _ Cven, Tqven _ saxelobiTSia: RO
- Page 193 and 194: lebelo: n. dumb. 264. roca obieqtis
- Page 195 and 196: aseTi zmna emsgavseba gardamavali z
- Page 197 and 198: isini mieSvelnen mas || maT _ is mi
- Page 199 and 200: aseTive mdgomareobaa orpirianad qce
- Page 201 and 202: erTi sintaqsuri movlenis Sesaxeb 1
- Page 203 and 204: 3. atributuli msazRvrel-sazRvruli,
- Page 205 and 206: ubralo damateba Tu adgilis garemoeb
- Page 207 and 208: es xerxi (igi m. venslovas SemouTav
- Page 209 and 210: substantiuri msazRvreli 1 209 anton
- Page 211 and 212: SemTxvevaSi `Tu sasxviso qcevis for
- Page 213 and 214: unebas Cemi qveynis feri emateboda;
- Page 215 and 216: as karg adamianTa saxelebi gadavceT
- Page 217 and 218: 6. spilenZis veeba da mcire qvabebs
- Page 219 and 220: ai, ras vkiTxulobT komisiis dadgeni
- Page 221 and 222: d) kiTxviTi nacvalsaxeli: ra saamur
- Page 223 and 224: is dalocvili mRvdeli xSirad migebda
- Page 225 and 226: jaba... im nikelis sawolSi iwva (e.
- Page 227 and 228: ma, mwvane vels...)~ 12 . amgvarad,
- Page 229 and 230: miuxedavad imisa, rom mezoblad moxv
- Page 231 and 232: kasri; gatexili Rvinis Wiqa; lamazi
183<br />
arnold Ciqobava<br />
martivi winadadebis evoluciis ZiriTadi tendenciebi qarTulSi 1<br />
I<br />
narkvevSi `martivi winadadebis problema qarTulSi, I...“ SemTxveva gvqonda Zveli<br />
qarTulis masalis analizis saSualebiT gveCvenebina, rom:<br />
1. qarTuli winadadebis sintaqsuri meqanizmi xasiaTdeba rigi TaviseburebiT, rac<br />
arsebiTad ganasxvavebs mas evropis Zvel da axal enaTa winadadebis sintaqsuri meqanizmisagan;<br />
2. am sintaqsur TaviseburebaTa wyaroa morfologiuri Tavisebureba: zmnaSi subieqtis<br />
pirisa da ricxvis garda obieqtis pirisa da ricxvis aRniSvna, ris gamoc:<br />
3. orpirian zmnebSi, gardamavalSica da gardauvalSic, subieqti da obieqti a r -<br />
sebiTad erTnairi sintaqsuri uflebiT sargeblobs: subieqtis sintaqsuri Zala<br />
ganelebulia, obieqtisa _ gaZlierebuli, da amis Semdeg sintaqsuri dapirispireba<br />
subieqtisa (qvemdebarisa) da obieqtisa (damatebisa) moxsnilia, damateba winadadebis<br />
meorexarisxovani wevri ki araa, aramed iseTive `mTavari~ wevria, rogorc qvemdebare 2 .<br />
axal qarTulSi winadadebis sintaqsuri meqanizmis sqematurma analizma 3 cxadi gaxada,<br />
rom sityvaTa sintaqsuri urTierTobis p r i n c i p i ar Secvlila; arc SeiZleboda<br />
Secvliliyo, ramdenadac dagvrCa winandeli morfologiuri safuZveli: zmnis<br />
polipersonaluroba _ axal qarTulSi zmnaTa didi wilis uRvlileba subieqtisa da<br />
obieqtis pirTa cvlas gulisxmobs iseve, rogorc Zvel qarTulSi.<br />
piris aRniSvnis cvlileba ar momxdara (mxedvelobaSi ar viRebT piris n i S a n T a<br />
mxriv arsebul cvlilebebs). samagierod, moxda cvlileba ricxvis aRniSvnaSi: sintaqsuri<br />
cvlileba, rac qarTuli martivi winadadebis meqanizmSi miviReT, ekvivalenturia<br />
im cvlilebisa, rac winadadebis morfologiur safuZvelSi, zmnis uRlebaSi,<br />
aisaxa.<br />
ZiriTadi movlena, riTac xasiaTdeba es cvlileba, or garemoebaSi iCens Tavs: er-<br />
Tis mxriT, viRebT saxelobiTi brunvis sintaqsuri rolis dasustebas, meore mxriv<br />
ki, _ micemiTi brunvis rolis gaZlierebas 4 .<br />
orive mJRavndeba mravlobiT ricxvSi saTanado saxelebisa (saxelobiTisa da micemi-<br />
Tis) da zmnis urTierTobaSi, zmnis SeTanxmeba-arSeTanxmebaSi xsenebul saxelebTan.<br />
raSi mdgomareobs es cvlileba? ra iwvevs mas?<br />
saxelobiTi brunva Zvel qarTulSi, rogorc cnobilia, iwarmoeboda -n- da -eb-<br />
sufiqsebiT. maTgan pirveli (-n-) zmnas iTanxmebda ricxvSi yovelTvis imisda miuxedavad,<br />
realur subieqts udrida es saxelobiTi Tu realur obieqts:<br />
...ZmaÁ igi vals _ Z m a n i i g i v l e n a n ...<br />
...mas uyuars s a m w y s o Á T Â s i _ m a s u y u a r a n s a m w y s o n i T Â s n i ...<br />
...petres k l i t À aqus _ petres k l i t e n i h q o n a n sasufevelisani...<br />
...mas v e n a à i daunergavs _ mas v e n a à n i d a u n e r g v i a n ...<br />
...ganakurva man igi _ ese v˜riTa sityÂTa g a n a k u r v n a mSobelni...<br />
mesame piris Sesaxeb Tqmuli savsebiT exeba pirvelsa da meore pirsac.<br />
1 a r n . C i q o b a v a , martivi winadadebis problema qarTulSi, I, Tb., 1968.<br />
2 a r n . C i q o b a v a , martivi winadadebis problema qarTulSi, I. qvemdebare-damatebis sakiTxi<br />
Zvels qarTulSi, Tbilisi, 1968, gv. gv. 213-222.<br />
3 a r n . C i q o b a v a , ra Taviseburebebi axasiaTebs qarTuli enis agebulebas? V: Jurn. `kulturuli<br />
aRmSenebloba, 1930, gv. 741, # 7/8.<br />
4 pirvel rigSi es exeba mesame piris saxelebs.