q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a
q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a
modalur elementad gamoyenebisas unda SesaZloa formobrivadac icvalos _ fonetikuri cveTis Sedegad. aseTi viTarebaa, magaliTad, aWarulsa da mesxurSi, sadac unda || unanda || da || na (zmnas daerTvis windebulad an ukudebulad): iq-nda || iq-na mivides `iq unda mivides~, dasweros-na `unda daweros~ (aWaruli), na-gavakeTo || gavakeTo-na `unda gavakeTo~, gaakeTos-da `unda gaakeTos~ (mesxuri). sakuTriv zmnis funqciiT gamoyenebuli unda ki arasdros ganicdis amgvar fonetikur cvlilebebs. es kidev erTi nimuSia imisa, Tu ra zegavlenas axdens funqciuri mxare formobrivze. * * * unda zmnis II piris forma sxvadasxva modifikaciiT damoukidebliv (ginda || gind || gin) an Tu nawilakTan Serwymulad (Tuginda || Tugind) aseve gamoiyeneba modaluri daniSnulebiT (sintaqsurad kavSirebs warmoadgenen), amave funqciiT gvxvdeba agreTve Tu nawilakTan Serwymuli III piris forma (Tu ginda _ Tunda || Tund): gind regvenisaTvis giswavlebia, gind mkvdrisTvis giwamlebiao (andaza); Tunda amodi, mzeo, da Tund nu amoxval mbrwyinavi (vaJa). analogiuri viTareba Zvel qarTulSive daCndeba, roca gamoiyeneboda II piris forma gina: `moiwiis Wiri gina devnulebaჲ sityჳsa misTჳs~. zemoxsenebuli mniSvnelobebis mqone gina amJamad gvxvdeba zog dialeqtsa Tu kilokavSi (qiziyurSi...). * * * nazmnari formebis gamoyeneba modaluri elementebis daniSnulebiT qarTulSi arcTu ise iSviaTi movlena Cans. nazmnar formebad miiCneva, magaliTad, TiTqmis (←*Tu iTqmis) 15 da TiTqos (←*Tu iTqvas). SesaZloa, zmnuri warmomavlobisa iyos vinZlo elementic (*vin-(Se)-iZlo→ vinZlo); sxva varaudiT: *vin-Zi ro(m)→vinZlo. 16 zmnuri Sesityvebisganaa miRebuli varaudis gamomxatveli modaluri elementi vinicobaa (←vi-nicoba aris←vinicoba← vin-ic(is)-oba←vin icis): `vinicobaa, eWvi aiRon, ase uTxari~... varaudis modalobas gamoxataven agreTve Cans da etyoba formebi: `Cans, barSiac Tovli mosula~ (xSirad Sexamebulia rogorc formasTan: rogorc Cans); `etyoba, stumars iqauroba moewona~ 17 . modaluri mniSvnelobebi SeuZeniaT modi da adga zmnur formebsac. pirveli waqezebis daniSnulebiT gamoiyeneba (`modi, vnaxoT, venaxi~), meore eqspresiulobas matebs frazas (`adga mewisqvilema da SaaWma erTi qaTmi~, _ nimuSi mTiuluridanaa). * * * nazmnar formaTa gamoyenebas modaluri daniSnulebiT uwinares yovlisa TviT amosavali zmnis semantika uwyobs xels: unda `surs~→unda `sWirdeba~→unda `saWiroa, aucilebelia~; Tu iTqmis (gamoixateba varaudi)→TiTqmis (gamoixateba miaxloebiTobis semantika) da misT. TviT amgvari semantikuri gadaxris SesaZlebloba ki enis imanenturi dinamizmis uSualo Sedegia. 15 a . S a n i Z e , dasax. naSr., gv. 614. 16 iqve. 17 qegl, t. III, 1953; t. VIII, 1964. 178
kvlav erTi sadavo sakiTxis gamo 1 179 elene koSoriZe ubralo damatebisa da garemoebaTa gamijvnis sakiTxi dResac sadavoa gramatikuli literaturis mixedviT. amis mizezi gaxlavT gamijvnis kriteriumis subieqturi arCevani: winadadebis wevrTa gamoyofisas xom mxolod formalur niSnebs ar veyrdnobiT, viTvaliswinebT Sinaarssac, es ki movlenis subieqturi aRqmisa da Sesabamisi interpretaciis saSualebas iZleva. es werilic erT-erTi cdaa ubralo damatebisa da garemoebaTa urTierTobidan erTi sakiTxis garkvevisa, kerZod, -ken Tandebuliani saxelis funqciebisa Tanamedrove qarTulSi. gramatikulsa da meTodikur literaturaSi -ken Tandebuliani saxelis mniSvnelobaze sxvadasxva azria gamoTqmuli. zogi 2 -ken Tandebulian saxels garemoebad miiCnevs, zogis 3 azriT ki aseTi saxeli garemoebis garda obieqtur mimarTebasac gamoxatavs. es sadavo sakiTxi Tavs iCens swavlebis drosac. rogorc saskolo 4 , aseve studentTaTvis gankuTvnil saxelmZRvaneloSi 5 -ken Tandebuliani saxelis mxolod erT mniSvnelobazea miTiTebuli (garemoebis mniSvnelobaze) da aRniSnulicaa, rom -ken Tandebuliani saxelis funqcia iyo garemoebis mniSvnelobis gadmocema da es funqcia SemorCa mas dRemde 6 . marTlac, Zvel qarTulSi -ken
- Page 127 and 128: cipia gatarebuli _ yvela brunvaSi w
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- Page 227 and 228: ma, mwvane vels...)~ 12 . amgvarad,
modalur elementad gamoyenebisas unda SesaZloa formobrivadac icvalos _ fonetikuri<br />
cveTis Sedegad. aseTi viTarebaa, magaliTad, aWarulsa da mesxurSi, sadac<br />
unda || unanda || da || na (zmnas daerTvis windebulad an ukudebulad): iq-nda || iq-na<br />
mivides `iq unda mivides~, dasweros-na `unda daweros~ (aWaruli), na-gavakeTo || gavakeTo-na<br />
`unda gavakeTo~, gaakeTos-da `unda gaakeTos~ (mesxuri). sakuTriv zmnis funqciiT<br />
gamoyenebuli unda ki arasdros ganicdis amgvar fonetikur cvlilebebs. es<br />
kidev erTi nimuSia imisa, Tu ra zegavlenas axdens funqciuri mxare formobrivze.<br />
* * *<br />
unda zmnis II piris forma sxvadasxva modifikaciiT damoukidebliv (ginda || gind ||<br />
gin) an Tu nawilakTan Serwymulad (Tuginda || Tugind) aseve gamoiyeneba modaluri<br />
daniSnulebiT (sintaqsurad kavSirebs warmoadgenen), amave funqciiT gvxvdeba agreTve<br />
Tu nawilakTan Serwymuli III piris forma (Tu ginda _ Tunda || Tund):<br />
gind regvenisaTvis giswavlebia, gind mkvdrisTvis giwamlebiao (andaza); Tunda amodi, mzeo, da Tund<br />
nu amoxval mbrwyinavi (vaJa).<br />
analogiuri viTareba Zvel qarTulSive daCndeba, roca gamoiyeneboda II piris forma<br />
gina: `moiwiis Wiri gina devnulebaჲ sityჳsa misTჳs~.<br />
zemoxsenebuli mniSvnelobebis mqone gina amJamad gvxvdeba zog dialeqtsa Tu kilokavSi<br />
(qiziyurSi...).<br />
* * *<br />
nazmnari formebis gamoyeneba modaluri elementebis daniSnulebiT qarTulSi<br />
arcTu ise iSviaTi movlena Cans.<br />
nazmnar formebad miiCneva, magaliTad, TiTqmis (←*Tu iTqmis) 15 da TiTqos (←*Tu<br />
iTqvas). SesaZloa, zmnuri warmomavlobisa iyos vinZlo elementic (*vin-(Se)-iZlo→<br />
vinZlo); sxva varaudiT: *vin-Zi ro(m)→vinZlo. 16 zmnuri Sesityvebisganaa miRebuli<br />
varaudis gamomxatveli modaluri elementi vinicobaa (←vi-nicoba aris←vinicoba←<br />
vin-ic(is)-oba←vin icis): `vinicobaa, eWvi aiRon, ase uTxari~... varaudis modalobas<br />
gamoxataven agreTve Cans da etyoba formebi: `Cans, barSiac Tovli mosula~ (xSirad<br />
Sexamebulia rogorc formasTan: rogorc Cans); `etyoba, stumars iqauroba moewona~ 17 .<br />
modaluri mniSvnelobebi SeuZeniaT modi da adga zmnur formebsac.<br />
pirveli waqezebis daniSnulebiT gamoiyeneba (`modi, vnaxoT, venaxi~), meore eqspresiulobas<br />
matebs frazas (`adga mewisqvilema da SaaWma erTi qaTmi~, _ nimuSi<br />
mTiuluridanaa).<br />
* * *<br />
nazmnar formaTa gamoyenebas modaluri daniSnulebiT uwinares yovlisa TviT amosavali<br />
zmnis semantika uwyobs xels: unda `surs~→unda `sWirdeba~→unda `saWiroa,<br />
aucilebelia~; Tu iTqmis (gamoixateba varaudi)→TiTqmis (gamoixateba miaxloebiTobis<br />
semantika) da misT.<br />
TviT amgvari semantikuri gadaxris SesaZlebloba ki enis imanenturi dinamizmis<br />
uSualo Sedegia.<br />
15 a . S a n i Z e , dasax. naSr., gv. 614.<br />
16 iqve.<br />
17 qegl, t. III, 1953; t. VIII, 1964.<br />
178
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