q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a
q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a
awmyos wris garda, sxva paradigmebSi iyenebs Senacvlebul fuZes: e-prefiqsiani vnebi- Tis yalibs). meore mniSvnelobis gamoxatvisas unda zmnas mxolod obieqturi wyoba aqvs da, Tanac, oden awmyos wris paradigmebi moepoveba (`kargi gamgone minda~ = `kargi gamgone mWirdeba~, `kargi gamgone mindodes, vipovnidi~ = `kargi gamgone mWirdebodes, vipovnidi~). swored am meore mniSvnelobisagan ganviTarda is semantika, romelsac modaluri elementi unda gamoxatavs: `saWiroa, aucilebelia~. mniSvnelobaTa amgvari gadasvla moulodneli ar aris: `surs, survili aqvs~→`sWirdeba, esaWiroeba~→`saWiroa, aucilebelia~. modaluri elementis statusiT aRWurvili unda Tavisi formobrivi qmedebiT (moqceviT) principulad gansxvavdeba unda zmnisagan: `unda~ modaluri elementi exameba mxolod kavSirebiTis formebs (garda myofadis kavSirebiTisa) da ar iuRleba. marTalia, survilis gamomxatveli unda zmnac kavSirebiTis formebTan ixmareba, magram sxvaobac aSkaraa: a) icvleba piris, ricxvisa da dro-kilos mixedviT: TxrobiTi kilo: awmyo: minda vakeTebde, gavakeTo I minda vakeTebdeT, gavakeToT II III ginda akeTebde, gaakeTo gindaT akeTebdeT, gaakeToT unda akeTebdes, gaakeTos undaT akeTebdnen, gaakeTon namyo: I mindoda gamekeTebina (=gamekeTebinos) gvindoda gagvekeTebina (gagvekeTebinos) II III kavSirebiTi kilo: gindoda gagekeTebina (gagekeTebinos) gindodaT gagekeTebinaT (gagekeTebinoT) undoda gaekeTebina (gaekeTebinos) undodaT gaekeTebinaT (gaekeTebinoT) awmyo: mindodes vakeTebde, gavakeTo gindodes akeTebde, gaakeTo undodes akeTebdes, gaakeTos namyo: m(n)domeboda (|| m(n)domebodes) gamekeTebina (gamekeTebinos) g(n)domeboda (|| g(n)domebodes) gagekeTebina (gagekeTebinos) s(n)domeboda (|| s(n)domebodes) gaekeTebina (gaekeTebinos)... anu: TxrobiTi kilos gamoxatvisas awmyoSi erTmaneTs exameba unda zmna awmyos formiT da awmyos an II kavSirebiTi; namyoSi: unda zmna namyo usrulis formiT da II SedegobiTi (|| III kavSirebiTi). kavSirebiTi kilos gamoxatvis SemTxvevaSi ki awmyoSi Sexamebulia unda zmna awmyos kavSirebiTis formiT da awmyos an II kavSirebiTi, nam-yoSi _ unda zmna II SedegobiTis an III kavSirebiTis formiT da II SedegobiTi (|| III kavSirebiTi). SeniSvna: 1. II kavSirebiTisa da II SedegobiTis (III kavSirebiTis) formebi SesaZloa gamoyenebul iqnes rogorc zmniswiniT, aseve uzmniswinod: minda vakeTo || gavakeTo, mindoda mekeTebina || gamekeTebina...; 2. TxrobiTi kilos namyoSi mosalodneli iyo unda zmna II SedegobiTis formiTac yofiliyo warmodgenili (mndomeboda, gndomebo- 176
da...), magram imis gamo, rom II kavSirebiTi, Cveulebriv, III kavSirebiTis funqciiT gamoiyeneba, es forma kavSirebiTis kilos gamoxatvisas daCndeba, xolo TxrobiTi kilos namyoSi unda mxolod namyo usrulis formiTaa damowmebuli; 3. pirTa Sexameba SesaZloa nairgvari iyos: minda vakeTebde, akeTebde, akeTebdes gavakeTo, gaakeTo, gaakeTos... ginda vakeTebde, akeTebde, akeTebdes gavakeTo, gaakeTo, gaakeTos da misT. 4. II kavSirebiTis formebTan Taviseburi semantikuri viTareba iqmneba: minda /ginda /unda (=`survili~) awmyoa, xolo sauRlebeli zmna (gavakeTo /gaakeTo /gaakeTos) myofads gamoxatavs. b) saqme gvaqvs rTuli qvewyobili winadadebis erT-erT nairsaxeobasTan: minda vakeTebde an minda gavakeTo arsebiTad igivea, rac: minda rom vakeTebde, an: minda, rom gavakeTo... amitomac minda vakeTebde an minda gavakeTo tipis konstruqciebi dawerilobisas zogjer asec aris warmodgenili: minda, vakeTebde an minda, gavakeTo (e. i. ise, rogorc ukavSiro rTuli qvewyobili winadadeba). garda amisa, sasurvelobis gamomxatveli unda zmna SesaZloa Sexamebuli iyos masdarTan: minda (ginda, unda...) am saqmis gakeTeba (an: TamaSi, varjiSi, simRera...), agreTve arsebiT saxelTan: minda (ginda, unda) wigni (suraTi...), rac gamoiricxeba maSin, roca unda modaluri elementis funqciiTaa gamoyenebuli. gamoiricxeba zemoxsenebuli ori damaxasiaTebeli niSan-Tvisebac unda zmnisa. a) modaluri elementi unda gamoiyeneba kavSirebiTis yvela piris formasTan (orsave ricxvSi) ucvleli formiT (ar gvxvdeba mxolod myofadis kavSirebiTTan). vakeTebde awmyo: unda akeTebde akeTebdes (ga)vakeTo myofadi: unda (ga)akeTo (ga)akeTos gamekeTebina (gamekeTebinos) namyo: unda gagekeTebina (gagekeTebinos) gaekeTebina (gaekeTebinos)... b) unda modaluri elementi gamoricxavs unda vakeTebde an unda gavakeTo tipis struqturaTa gagebas hipotaqsur (rTul qvewyobil) konstruqciebad (unda, rom vakeTebde an unda, rom gavakeTo niSnavs, rom `mas survili aqvs vakeTebde || gavakeTo~, da ara valdebulebas, ris gamoxatvac akisria modalur elements unda). g) niSandoblivia, rom am SemTxvevaSi ar ganirCeva TxrobiTi da kavSirebiTi kilo. saqme is aris, rom unda modaluri elementiT gamoixateba specifikuri _ valdebulebebis (debitivis) mniSvneloba, romelic kavSirebiTi kilos erT-erT semantikur nairsaxeobad unda ganisazRvros (Sdr.: kargi iqneba, gaakeTos _ gaakeTos! _ unda gaakeTos!). SevniSnavT, rom orsave SemTxvevaSi (maSinac, roca unda warmodgenilia zmnis funqciiT, da im SemTxvevaSic, roca unda modaluri elementia) dasaSvebia unda formisa da zmnis gaTiSva zmnisarTebiT: minda (/ginda /unda) swrafad (kargad, dRes, xval...) gavakeTo (/gaakeTo/ gaakeTos), Sdr.: unda swrafad (kargad, dRes, xval...) gavakeTo (/gaakeTo/ gaakeTos). 177
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da...), magram imis gamo, rom II kavSirebiTi, Cveulebriv, III kavSirebiTis funqciiT<br />
gamoiyeneba, es forma kavSirebiTis kilos gamoxatvisas daCndeba, xolo TxrobiTi kilos<br />
namyoSi unda mxolod namyo usrulis formiTaa damowmebuli; 3. pirTa Sexameba<br />
SesaZloa nairgvari iyos:<br />
minda vakeTebde, akeTebde, akeTebdes<br />
gavakeTo, gaakeTo, gaakeTos...<br />
ginda vakeTebde, akeTebde, akeTebdes<br />
gavakeTo, gaakeTo, gaakeTos da misT.<br />
4. II kavSirebiTis formebTan Taviseburi semantikuri viTareba iqmneba: minda /ginda<br />
/unda (=`survili~) awmyoa, xolo sauRlebeli zmna (gavakeTo /gaakeTo /gaakeTos) myofads<br />
gamoxatavs.<br />
b) saqme gvaqvs rTuli qvewyobili winadadebis erT-erT nairsaxeobasTan: minda<br />
vakeTebde an minda gavakeTo arsebiTad igivea, rac: minda rom vakeTebde, an: minda,<br />
rom gavakeTo... amitomac minda vakeTebde an minda gavakeTo tipis konstruqciebi dawerilobisas<br />
zogjer asec aris warmodgenili: minda, vakeTebde an minda, gavakeTo (e.<br />
i. ise, rogorc ukavSiro rTuli qvewyobili winadadeba).<br />
garda amisa, sasurvelobis gamomxatveli unda zmna SesaZloa Sexamebuli iyos<br />
masdarTan: minda (ginda, unda...) am saqmis gakeTeba (an: TamaSi, varjiSi, simRera...), agreTve<br />
arsebiT saxelTan: minda (ginda, unda) wigni (suraTi...), rac gamoiricxeba maSin,<br />
roca unda modaluri elementis funqciiTaa gamoyenebuli.<br />
gamoiricxeba zemoxsenebuli ori damaxasiaTebeli niSan-Tvisebac unda zmnisa.<br />
a) modaluri elementi unda gamoiyeneba kavSirebiTis yvela piris formasTan (orsave<br />
ricxvSi) ucvleli formiT (ar gvxvdeba mxolod myofadis kavSirebiTTan).<br />
vakeTebde<br />
awmyo: unda akeTebde<br />
akeTebdes<br />
(ga)vakeTo<br />
myofadi: unda (ga)akeTo<br />
(ga)akeTos<br />
gamekeTebina (gamekeTebinos)<br />
namyo: unda gagekeTebina (gagekeTebinos)<br />
gaekeTebina (gaekeTebinos)...<br />
b) unda modaluri elementi gamoricxavs unda vakeTebde an unda gavakeTo tipis<br />
struqturaTa gagebas hipotaqsur (rTul qvewyobil) konstruqciebad (unda, rom<br />
vakeTebde an unda, rom gavakeTo niSnavs, rom `mas survili aqvs vakeTebde || gavakeTo~,<br />
da ara valdebulebas, ris gamoxatvac akisria modalur elements unda).<br />
g) niSandoblivia, rom am SemTxvevaSi ar ganirCeva TxrobiTi da kavSirebiTi kilo.<br />
saqme is aris, rom unda modaluri elementiT gamoixateba specifikuri _ valdebulebebis<br />
(debitivis) mniSvneloba, romelic kavSirebiTi kilos erT-erT semantikur<br />
nairsaxeobad unda ganisazRvros (Sdr.: kargi iqneba, gaakeTos _ gaakeTos! _ unda gaakeTos!).<br />
SevniSnavT, rom orsave SemTxvevaSi (maSinac, roca unda warmodgenilia zmnis<br />
funqciiT, da im SemTxvevaSic, roca unda modaluri elementia) dasaSvebia unda formisa<br />
da zmnis gaTiSva zmnisarTebiT: minda (/ginda /unda) swrafad (kargad, dRes,<br />
xval...) gavakeTo (/gaakeTo/ gaakeTos), Sdr.: unda swrafad (kargad, dRes, xval...) gavakeTo<br />
(/gaakeTo/ gaakeTos).<br />
177
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