q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a

nazmnari modaluri elementebi qarTulSi 1
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besarion jorbenaZe
qarTulSi gamoiyofa ramdenime modaluri elementi, romlebic zmnuri warmomavlobisa
arian: egeb/egeba, iqneb/iqneba, etyoba, Cans, lamis, unda, ginda/gind, Tugind/
Tunda... zogi maTgani (egeb/egeba, lamis...) mxolod modaluri elementis statusiT
daCndeba Tanamedrove qarTulSi, sxvani gamoiyenebian rogorc modaluri daniSnulebiT,
aseve sakuTriv zmnis funqciiT.
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egeba/egeb forma Zvel qarTulSi warmodgenili iyo rogorc egebis; esaa e-prefiqsiani
vnebiTis yalibis mqone zmna, romlis fuZea (Ziria) -g-: e-g-eb-i-s. masdaria geba.
Zvel qarTulSi igi sakmaod xSirad gamoiyeneboda mniSvnelobiT `SeZleba, jeryofa~. 2
sagulisxmoa, rom Zvel qarTulSive paralelur teqstebSi am zmnis mniSvnelobiT gamoiyeneboda
`SesaZlebel ars~ da `jer ars~ aRweriTi formebi:
miugo nikodemos da hrqua mas: viTar e g e b i s ege yofad? || miugo nikodemos da hrqua:
viTar SesaZlebel ars ese yofad? (i. 3,9).
hrqua mas naTanael: da nazareTiT e g e b i s - m e raჲ keTili raჲme yofad? || hrqua mas
naTanael: nazareTiT SesaZlebel arsa keTilisa raჲsame yofad (i. 1,46).
araჲ e gebis kacisa huriaჲsa; || ara j e r a r s kacisa huriisa (saq. moc. 10,28).
am mniSvnelobiT Tanamedrove qarTuls egebis zmna SemorCa mxolod gamoTqmaSi
ar egebis, romlis variantia ar egeba (`ar SeiZleba, SeuZlebelia, ar iqneba~). 3
qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikonis rvatomeulSi magaliTebad dasaxelebulia:
`mewyina, magram daSla aRar egeboda~ (ilia), `sanovagis gataceba ar egeboda~ (v.
barn.).
Tanamedrove qarTulSi es forma mxolod modaluri elementis (nawilakis, morfemoidis)
daniSnulebiT gamoiyeneba (gamonaklisia zemoT dasaxelebuli gamoTqma).
misi mniSvnelobaa: `iqneba SeiZleba; vin icis, vinZlo~ 4 (anu: gamoixateba SesaZlebloba
an daeWveba). aseTi semantikuri cvlileba moulodneli ar aris: `SesaZlebel ars,
SeiZleba~`SesaZloa, iqneb, vin icis~.
modalur elementad gamoyenebisas paralelur formebad gvxvdeba: egebis || egeba
da egebi || egeb; zog dialeqtSi (mesxurSi) dadasturebulia agreTve egia.
amgvari formobrivi cvlilebac advilad aixseba: zmnuri mniSvnelobis daCrdilvis
Semdgom xdeba formis fonetikuri cveTa, igi `garegnuladac~ nawilakebis rangSi
gadadis: e-g-eb-i-segebi || egeb, e-g-eb-aegeb, agreTve: e-g-eb-a*e-g-e-a (b-s CavardniT)egia
(eaia fonetikuri cvlilebis safuZvelze).
ufro arsebiTi cvlileba moxda sintaqsuri wyobis TvalsazrisiT: e.w. masdaruli
konstruqcia (`egebis yofad~ tipisa) Seicvala SesityvebiT, romelSic egebis || egeba
Sexamebulia kavSirebiTis formasTan: `egeb inebos batonma~ (vaJa). Sexameba xdeba samive
kavSirebiTis formasTan (oRond Tanamedrove qarTul saliteraturo enaSi III
kavSirebiTis adgilas ixmareba II SedegobiTi; garda amisa, ar SeiniSneba myofadis
kavSirebiTi): egeb werdes, daweros, dawera (=daeweros). arsebiTad aq SesaZleblobis
kilos funqciaa gamoxatuli. imavdroulad egeba || egeb ifarToebs gamoyenebis ares
da exameba sxva paradigmis formebsac.
1 qarTuli sityvis kulturis sakiTxebi, wigni meaTe, 1993.
2 i . a b u l a Z e , Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikoni, Tbilisi, 1973.
3 egebis _ egeba formobrivi cvlileba saerTo movlenaa vnebiTi gvaris zmnebisaTvis: tf-eb-i-s
Tb-eb-a, e-mal-eb-i-s e-mal-eb-a da misT.
4 qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, III, Tbilisi, 1953.