q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a

`momwons~, ara marto `vaxsovar~, aramed agreTve `maxsovs~ da sxva. aseTive zmnebia:
`vuyvarvar~ da `miyvars~, `vsZulvar~ da `mZuls~, `vundivar~ da `minda~ da sxva.
amisTana zmnebs, saerTod wesis Tanaxmad, qvemdebare saxelobiTSi unda hqonodaT
dayenebuli, magram amJamad eseni, gardamavali zmnebis inversiuli formebis msgavsad,
qvemdebares micemiT brunvaSi warmogvidgenen. magaliTebi: vanos gakveTili axsovs, kakos
koxtaoba moswons, dedas Svili uyvars, maros wasvla unda, katas ZaRli sZuls
da sxv.
marto obieqturi wyoba aqvT zmnebs: mZinavs, mRviZavs, mSia, mwyuria, maqvs, mesmis,
mciva, mcxela da sxva, am zmnebTanac qvemdebare micemiTSia dayenebuli, mag.: bavSvs
sZinavs, qeTos RviZavs, mowafes esmis, maswavlebels aqvs da sxva».
aseTi gaSuqeba sakiTxisa me mcdarad mimaCnia da Sevecade Semdgom gamocemebSi
ramdenadme mainc Semerbilebina araswori gamoTqma da Sememcirebina Secdomebi:
meore gamocemaSi (1941 w.) gamotovebulia `mciva~ da `mcxela~, rogorc yvelaze
ufro aSkara Seusabamo magaliTebi.
mesame gamocemaSi (1946 w. $ 228, gv. 135) wvrili SriftiT aris dabeWdili Semdegi:
`gardamaval zmnaTa inversiul formebSi qvemdebare, rogorc viciT, micemiTSi dgas
($ 221). inversiuli formebis gavleniTY`uyvars~, `moswons~, `sZinavs~, `axsovs~ da
msgavsi agebulebis zmnebTan qvemdebared miaCniaT micemiTSi dasmuli saxeli: `dedas
Svili uyvars~, `bavSvs sZinavs~ da misT~.
meoTxe gamocemisas (1948) gramatika, manamde erTiani, or wignad gaiyo. pirveli Seicavs
fonetikasa da morfologias (V_VI klasis kurss), meore ki _ sintaqss (VII-VIII
klasis kurss). sintaqsi didad gadavamuSave da Sevavse. mas daerTo savarjiSoebi,
romelTa SedgenaSi monawileoba miiRes i. gigineiSvilma, i. imnaiSvilma da l. kvaWa-
Zem. vcade sakiTxis swored dayeneba da gadaWra da saskolo gramatikaSi elementaruli
saxiT Setana, magram ganaTlebis saministroSi mxari ar damiWires da sakiTxi
gaurkveveli darCa. am xnidan moyolebuli `uyvars~ da msgavs gardauval zmnaTa qvemdebaris
Sesaxeb saskolo gramatikaSi sazogadod ar aris saubari.
ra aris gramatikuli subieqti anu qvemdebare? gramatikuli subieqti Semasmenlis
wyvilis calia da misi raoba yovelTvis SemasmenelTan mimarTebiT irkveva. Semasmeneli
ki, rogorc cnobilia, qarTulSi umTavresad zmnis piriani formaa, romelic winadadebis
xerxemals warmoadgens. SemasmenelTan wyvilis calad SeiZleba winadadebis
sxva wevrebic iyos (pird. obieqti da sxv.), magram amJamad Cveni kvlevis sagania
subieqti (qvemdebare).
gramatikuli subieqtis raoba kargad irkveva winadadebaSi, romelSiac Semasmenlad
gardamavali zmnaa mwkrivTa I an II seriaSi. mag., b i Z a - C e m i kurdRels moklavs,
sandrom xe moWra, qalma furi mowvela, biWi kokas gatexs, jibgirma fuli
amomacala da misT. aseT SemasmenelTa qvemdebare igivea, rac realurad moqmedi sagani.
marTlac, roca vTqviT, `qalma furi mowvelao~, amiT garkveviT aRvniSneT, rom
realurad moqmedia qali da ara furi; an kidev: roca gavigoneT `sandrom xe moWrao~,
mivxvdiT, vin aris moqmedi da ra aris samoqmedo: realurad moqmedia sandro, xe ki
misi moqmedebis sagania.
aviRoT igive zmnebi sxva piris formebiT da SevuwyoT nacvalsaxelebi: me kurdReli
movkali, me xe movWeri, me furi movwvele; Sen kurdReli mohkali, Sen xe mos-
Wri, Sen furi moswvele. aRniSnul winadadebebSi realurad moqmedi pirebi icvala,
samoqmedo sagani ki igive darCa.
Tu analizs vuyofT zmnis formebs, SevniSnavT, rom realuri subieqti igivea, rac
zmnis subieqturi piri, romelic subieqturi niSniTaa gamoxatuli: mo-v-kali me, mo-hkali
Sen, mokl-a man (biZa-Cemma); mo-v-Weri me, mo-s-Weri Sen, moWra man (sandrom); mo-vwvele
me, mo-s-wvele Sen, mowvel-a man (qalma). maSasadame, aRniSnul zmnebSi subieqturi
piri an misi fardi saxeli (nacvalsaxeli) realurad moqmedi piria. am SemTxvevaSi
realurad moqmedi piri daemTxva gramatikul subieqts, romelic sxva ara aris
ra, Tu ara subieqturi piri an misi fardi saxeli (nacvalsaxeli).
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