q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a
q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a
nis adgilmyofobas uCveneben, braldebiTTan ki kiTxvaze saiTken? (куда? wohin?) _ mimarTulebas. rusulSi сошел с вершины, ростом с сестру, говорил со мною, с windebuli pirvel winadadebaSi (naTesaobiTTan) gadmoscems mimarTulebas, meoreSi (braldebiTTan) _ Sedarebas, mesameSi ki (moqmedebiTTan) Tanaobas. aseve qarTulSi gan Tandebuli kiTxvaze visgan? risgan? naTesaobiTs erTvis da gamoxatavs moqmedebis Camdens an masalas, risganac rame keTdeba, xolo moqmedebiTTan kiTxvaze saidan? _ gamosaval punqts adgilisas Tu droisa. qarTveluri enebidan mxolod qarTulia mdidari TandebulebiT. megrul-Wanuri da svanuri SedarebiT Raribia. amasTan, Wanuris oTxi Tandebulidan k a l a , n i , q i s , k e l e ukanaskneliRaa bgeriTi SedgenilobiT da mniSvnelobiTac qarTul k e n (← `kerZo~) ̕s Sesatyvisi 3 . svanuri imiT gansxvavdeba megrul-Wanurisa da TviT qarTulisagan, rom zogierTi kavkasiuri enis msgavsad, iyenebs or Tandebuls erTad (lSx. lyr-Te+Ji = saxuravis-ken+ze, koj-Te+isa = kldisa-ken+Si: -Te+Ji = -ken+ze, -Te+isa = -ken +Si), Tumca msgavs movlenas vxvdebiT xevsurulSic 4 . miuxedavad imisa, rom sxva enebis windebulTa funqcias qarTulSi zmniswinebi da Tandebulebi asruleben, qarTuls mainc ar axasiaTebs ukanasknelTa (TandebulTa) simcire. Tandebulebi, romlebic saxels TavSic erTodnen da boloSic (Sina, zeda, Tana), amJamad mxolod mosdeven maT. saxelis Semdeg ganmtkicdnen Tandebulis funqciis mqone zmnisarTebic (qveS, qveviT, zeviT, win, gareT, garSemo da sxv.), Tumca zogi maTgani (rogoricaa: msgavsad, nacvlad, garda, maxloblad da sxv.) saxelis winac gvxvdeba, magram, rogorc d. k a r i W a S v i l i SeniSnavda, maTi ase xmareba eucxoveba axal qarTuls 5 . Zveli adgili SeinarCuna TiTqmis yvela erTmarcvlianma Tandebulma: -g a n , -ur T , -m d i s , -T v i s , -e b r , -d a m da sxva. Seicvala urTierToba brunvebisa TandebulebTan. g a m o Tandebuli Zv. qarTulSi ixmareboda moqmedebiTsa, naTesaobiTsa da viTarebiT brunvebTan, amJamad mxolod na- TesaobiTs marTavs. analogiuria - k e n (kerZo) Tandebulis gamoyeneba brunvebTan. z e d a , T a n a , w i n a S e Tu naTesaobiTsa da micemiT brunvas iTxovdnen, axla z e , T a n mxolod micemiTs daerTvis, w i n a S e ki _ naTesaobiTs. istoriulad cvlileba mouvida ara marto Tandebuls, aramed saxelis brunviTs formasac masTan Tandebulis Serwymis gamo. ase, mag., Sina, zeda Tandebulebs moekvecaT -na, -da elementebi da saxelma dakarga micemiTi brunvis niSani -s TandebulTa Tavkidur S da z TanxmovanTan mezoblobis gamo. brunvis niSani SemorCa mxolod mesame piris nacvalsaxels (masSi), -Si Tandebuli zog kiloSi iqca Ci-d. Tana Tandebulsac moekveca bolo xmovani (-a). misi darTvisas boloTanxmovnian saxelebs ekargebaT micemiTis niSani -s. (kerZo→) ken Tandebulma axal qarTulSi da dialeqtebSi icvala saxe: ked, ke, ka, k, yen, ye. aseve nairsaxovania Tvis Tandebuli kiloebSi: Tvin, Tvi, Tun, da mde Tandebulic: mdis, mdisi, mdisin, mdi, mdin, mden, mdvin. zogi funqcia daekarga gamo, gareSe Tandebuls, gaufarTovda daniSnuleba Si, ze, gan, Tan, Tvis Tandebulebs da Tandebulis funqciiT xmarebul zmnisarTebsac. SeizRuda urT Tandebulis xmarebis sfero. xmarebidan gamovida TÂnier, wiaR, wil da maTi funqcia ikisres sxva Tandebulebma. mogviano qarTulSi gamovlinda viT, dam Tandebulebi, pirveli ganmtkicda Tanamedrove saliteraturo enaSi, meore ki xmarebidan gavida. 3 a r n . C i q o b a v a , Wanuris gramatikuli analizi, gv., 65-66. 4 v . T o f u r i a , brunebis sistemisaTvis lakur enaSi: saq. muzeumis moambe, Xb, gv. 5 qarTuli enis gramatika, etimologia, 1930, gv., 126. 136
* * * Tandebulia nawilaki, romelic saxels marTavs garkveul brunvaSi. ase ar iyo gagebuli Tandebuli. amitom zogierTi gramatikosi Tandebuls uwodebda zmniswinebsac. yvela saxis nawilakic Tandebulad iyo miCneuli. mag., p. k v i c a r i Z e werda: `Tandebulebi arian orgvarni: w i n a m Z R o lni da mimyolni. winamZRolebad iwodebian isini, romelnic sityvas TavSi moezavebian da gviCveneben moqmedebis mimarTulebas, anu kidev saxis sisrules a(R), ga(n), Ca, Se, aRma, Semo, mimo, gada, u k e da sxv. mimyolni Tandebulni sityvas boloSi moesmian. eseni arian: S i , z e (d), urT, viT, gamo, ebr, Tvis, dmi, mde, ken, ve da sxv. 6 aseve gaerTianebuli aqvs Tandebuli da zmniswini d. y i f i a n s 7 . zmniswini Tandebulad aris kvalificirebuli d. CubinaSvilis gramatikaSic 8 . m. janaSvilis azriT, zmniswinebi saxels TavSi dasmuli Tandebulebia 9 , g. f i r a l o v i cota sxvanairad yofs zmniswinebs da Tandebulebs: `Tandebulni arian ganyofilni da ganuyofelni~. misTvis Sina, Soris, TÂs, mde, zeda... Tandebulebi arian ganyofilni, ganuyofelni ki: qÀ, vi, Se, garda, gan. mag., q À - mdebare, v i - msaxure, S e - viyvare, g a n - vixile. 10 aq zmniswins rom Tavi davaneboT, pirveli pirisa da qcevis niSani v-i- Tandebulad aris gamocxadebuli. pl. i o s e l i a n i mi, mo, Se, Sa, Ca da msgavsT uwodebs ganmaviTarebel marcvals, `romelnica moezavebian sityÂsa nawilTa~, da yvela amas TandebulTan erTad ixilavs. 11 erTi SexedviT kaci ifiqrebda, rom zmniswinisa da Tandebulis erTad moqceva ubralo saxelwodebis saqmeao. magram ase rom yofiliyo, maSin avtorebs unda gaemijnaT zmniswinisa da Tandebulis morfologiuri da sintaqsuri funqcia, Tundac ise, rogorc es a n t o n i s gramatikaSia. a n t o n i zmniswinebsa da nawilakebs aseT magaliTebSi _ aRviReb, miviReb, mimovhxri, STaval, davhsjdebi, ganvhxdi, Tana-vhÃmob, av- RÂarebca, daviwyebiesye, valsadame da sxv. Tandebulebs ar uwodebs. `xolo ese vi- TarTa ar SesaZlo Tandebulad Tqmaჲ, Tumca ar iynesmca saxelTa zeda darTul, xolo Tan-debulni sakuTrad igini arian, romelnica a R a S e n e b e n b r u n asa, anu iTxoven~ 12 (dayofa Cvenia. _ a. m.). a n t o n i sruliad samarTlianad zmniswinebsa da sxva nawilakebs ar Tvlis Tandebulad, ramdenadac maTTvis araa damaxasia- Tebeli marTva brunvaSi. zmniswinebs Tandebulebs uwodebs T. J o r d a n i a c , magram maT mainc ganasxvavebs erTmaneTisagan. `arian Tandebulni sazmneboni, romelnic SeuerTdebian zmnaTa da ara iTxoven brunvaTa, mag.: ga, wa, me... da sxv.~ 13 zmniswini da Tandebuli gamijnulia da cal-calkea ganxiluli z . S a n S o v a - nis, gaiozis, d. kariWaSvilis, s. xundaZis, i. nikolaiSvilis, ar. quTaTelaZis gramatikebSi. rigi zmniswinebisa da Tandebulebis aRreva uTuod imitom xdeboda, rom garegnulad msgavsni geneturadac erTi da igive arian. zogi maTgani zmnasTan zmniswinis rols asrulebs, saxelTan ki _ Tandebulisas da orive SemTxvevaSi ZiriTadi funqcia TiTqmis erTi da igivea. aseTia, magaliTad, gan. 14 Se- zmniswinic iseTive warmo- Sobisa Cans, rogoric Si- Tandebuli. amaze miuTiTebs maTi msgavseba mniSvnelobis mxrivac. 6 qarTuli swormetyveleba, pirveli wigni, gv. 154. 7 axali qarTuli grammatika, gv. 131. 8 qarTuli Rrammatika, gv. XXVIII. 9 qarTuli grammatika, gv. 128. 11 pirÀl-dawyebiTni kanonni qarTulisa Rrammatikisa, 1840, gv. 79. 12 qarTuli Rrammatika, gv. 99. 13 qarTuli grammatika, gv. 154. 14 v . b e r i Z e , sagan-sityvis etimologiisaTvis: saq. ssr mecn. akad. moambe, III, # 4, gv. 382-383. 137
- Page 85 and 86: gvaqvs prefiqsiani dinamikuri vnebi
- Page 87 and 88: 87 ivane qavTaraZe dro-kiloTa mesam
- Page 89 and 90: Ruawli keTili mogiRuawebies: xanZT.
- Page 91 and 92: moTxr. 278. ukanaskneli valdebuli i
- Page 93 and 94: aq moeyarnaT Tavi alvanel mwyemsebs
- Page 95 and 96: meore TurmeobiTis zemoT moyvanilma
- Page 97 and 98: sis gavrcelebisaken ufroa midrekile
- Page 99 and 100: yvela am tipis zmnaSi? -n marTlac,
- Page 101 and 102: mimReobis warmoeba qarTulSi 1 101 e
- Page 103 and 104: kÂrn-e _ m-i-kÂr-s, mo-cal-e _ i-
- Page 105 and 106: tyuv-an, m-tkiv-an, m-siv-an, m-civ
- Page 107 and 108: me gvqondes qarTuli enis ganviTareb
- Page 109 and 110: drois gamoxatvis sakiTxi mimReobaTa
- Page 111 and 112: adgan mimReobis formebSi istoriulad
- Page 113 and 114: `zogs oci kaci hyvanda, zogs ocdaaT
- Page 115 and 116: ev: sa-kum-ev-el, aR-r-e(v)-ul, rC-
- Page 117 and 118: niSnavda; subieqti _ moqmedebis Sem
- Page 119 and 120: fiqsi unda gvqonoda (sainteresoa, r
- Page 121 and 122: adamianTa saxelebs ganmeorebis maRa
- Page 123 and 124: dasaxelebuli zedsarTavi saxelebi aw
- Page 125 and 126: maT mravlobiTi ricxvi morfologiurad
- Page 127 and 128: cipia gatarebuli _ yvela brunvaSi w
- Page 129 and 130: verc imas vityviT, rom zemomoyvanil
- Page 131 and 132: siwiTle _ abstraqciaa (`wiTlis Tvis
- Page 133 and 134: dabali _ dabla neli _ nela Cqari _
- Page 135: Tandebuli qarTulSi 1 135 aram marti
- Page 139 and 140: saSuali qarTulis zogierT ZeglSi ari
- Page 141 and 142: Ti qarTulSi odesRac garCeuli gramat
- Page 143 and 144: Sina Sedis Sinagan zmnisarTSi: Sina
- Page 145 and 146: saxelsac) e r T a d zmnisarTi mosde
- Page 147 and 148: poves saxlaki erTi C r d i l o ჲ
- Page 149 and 150: ebr Tandebuli aRniSnavs m s g a v s
- Page 151 and 152: saS. qarTulSi g a n Tandebulian sax
- Page 153 and 154: zogierT ZeglSi u r T Tandebuli mcda
- Page 155 and 156: 11. viT sxvebTan erTad h. fogtma aR
- Page 157 and 158: S v i l s Soris mZime siCume (g. we
- Page 159 and 160: dokumentebSi w i l -s zogjer enacvl
- Page 161 and 162: ) udrida garda Tandebuls. win ixmar
- Page 163 and 164: Sorisdebuli axal saliteraturo qarTu
- Page 165 and 166: visp.); `eh, Zmav, wadi Sen Sens gz
- Page 167 and 168: gilourSi m. j a n a S v i l s (`her
- Page 169 and 170: nasxvaveben. mdidari intonaciur-eqs
- Page 171 and 172: nazmnari modaluri elementebi qarTul
- Page 173 and 174: semantikisgan daclilia): `lamis, ro
- Page 175 and 176: awmyo: u-n-a u-nd-a namyo usruli: u
- Page 177 and 178: da...), magram imis gamo, rom II ka
- Page 179 and 180: kvlav erTi sadavo sakiTxis gamo 1 1
- Page 181 and 182: Cemken: ilia, 213, 3. ubralo damate
- Page 183 and 184: 183 arnold Ciqobava martivi winadad
- Page 185 and 186: aRguamaRlna man Cuen... dagÂcven S
* * *<br />
Tandebulia nawilaki, romelic saxels marTavs garkveul brunvaSi. ase ar iyo gagebuli<br />
Tandebuli. amitom zogierTi gramatikosi Tandebuls uwodebda zmniswinebsac.<br />
yvela saxis nawilakic Tandebulad iyo miCneuli. mag., p. k v i c a r i Z e werda:<br />
`Tandebulebi arian orgvarni: w i n a m Z R o lni da mimyolni. winamZRolebad iwodebian<br />
isini, romelnic sityvas TavSi moezavebian da gviCveneben moqmedebis mimarTulebas,<br />
anu kidev saxis sisrules a(R), ga(n), Ca, Se, aRma, Semo, mimo, gada,<br />
u k e da sxv. mimyolni Tandebulni sityvas boloSi moesmian. eseni arian: S i , z e (d),<br />
urT, viT, gamo, ebr, Tvis, dmi, mde, ken, ve da sxv. 6<br />
aseve gaerTianebuli aqvs Tandebuli da zmniswini d. y i f i a n s 7 . zmniswini Tandebulad<br />
aris kvalificirebuli d. CubinaSvilis gramatikaSic 8 . m. janaSvilis<br />
azriT, zmniswinebi saxels TavSi dasmuli Tandebulebia 9 , g. f i r a l o v i cota sxvanairad<br />
yofs zmniswinebs da Tandebulebs: `Tandebulni arian ganyofilni da ganuyofelni~.<br />
misTvis Sina, Soris, TÂs, mde, zeda... Tandebulebi arian ganyofilni, ganuyofelni<br />
ki: qÀ, vi, Se, garda, gan. mag., q À - mdebare, v i - msaxure, S e - viyvare, g a n - vixile.<br />
10 aq zmniswins rom Tavi davaneboT, pirveli pirisa da qcevis niSani v-i- Tandebulad<br />
aris gamocxadebuli. pl. i o s e l i a n i mi, mo, Se, Sa, Ca da msgavsT uwodebs ganmaviTarebel<br />
marcvals, `romelnica moezavebian sityÂsa nawilTa~, da yvela amas TandebulTan<br />
erTad ixilavs. 11<br />
erTi SexedviT kaci ifiqrebda, rom zmniswinisa da Tandebulis erTad moqceva ubralo<br />
saxelwodebis saqmeao. magram ase rom yofiliyo, maSin avtorebs unda gaemijnaT<br />
zmniswinisa da Tandebulis morfologiuri da sintaqsuri funqcia, Tundac ise,<br />
rogorc es a n t o n i s gramatikaSia. a n t o n i zmniswinebsa da nawilakebs aseT magaliTebSi<br />
_ aRviReb, miviReb, mimovhxri, STaval, davhsjdebi, ganvhxdi, Tana-vhÃmob, av-<br />
RÂarebca, daviwyebiesye, valsadame da sxv. Tandebulebs ar uwodebs. `xolo ese vi-<br />
TarTa ar SesaZlo Tandebulad Tqmaჲ, Tumca ar iynesmca saxelTa zeda darTul,<br />
xolo Tan-debulni sakuTrad igini arian, romelnica a R a S e n e b e n b r u n asa,<br />
anu iTxoven~ 12 (dayofa Cvenia. _ a. m.). a n t o n i sruliad samarTlianad zmniswinebsa<br />
da sxva nawilakebs ar Tvlis Tandebulad, ramdenadac maTTvis araa damaxasia-<br />
Tebeli marTva brunvaSi.<br />
zmniswinebs Tandebulebs uwodebs T. J o r d a n i a c , magram maT mainc ganasxvavebs<br />
erTmaneTisagan. `arian Tandebulni sazmneboni, romelnic SeuerTdebian zmnaTa da<br />
ara iTxoven brunvaTa, mag.: ga, wa, me... da sxv.~ 13<br />
zmniswini da Tandebuli gamijnulia da cal-calkea ganxiluli z . S a n S o v a -<br />
nis, gaiozis, d. kariWaSvilis, s. xundaZis, i. nikolaiSvilis,<br />
ar. quTaTelaZis gramatikebSi.<br />
rigi zmniswinebisa da Tandebulebis aRreva uTuod imitom xdeboda, rom garegnulad<br />
msgavsni geneturadac erTi da igive arian. zogi maTgani zmnasTan zmniswinis<br />
rols asrulebs, saxelTan ki _ Tandebulisas da orive SemTxvevaSi ZiriTadi funqcia<br />
TiTqmis erTi da igivea. aseTia, magaliTad, gan. 14 Se- zmniswinic iseTive warmo-<br />
Sobisa Cans, rogoric Si- Tandebuli. amaze miuTiTebs maTi msgavseba mniSvnelobis<br />
mxrivac.<br />
6 qarTuli swormetyveleba, pirveli wigni, gv. 154.<br />
7 axali qarTuli grammatika, gv. 131.<br />
8 qarTuli Rrammatika, gv. XXVIII.<br />
9 qarTuli grammatika, gv. 128.<br />
11 pirÀl-dawyebiTni kanonni qarTulisa Rrammatikisa, 1840, gv. 79.<br />
12 qarTuli Rrammatika, gv. 99.<br />
13 qarTuli grammatika, gv. 154.<br />
14 v . b e r i Z e , sagan-sityvis etimologiisaTvis: saq. ssr mecn. akad. moambe, III, # 4, gv. 382-383.<br />
137