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q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a

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nis adgilmyofobas uCveneben, braldebiTTan ki kiTxvaze saiTken? (куда? wohin?) _ mimarTulebas. rusulSi сошел с вершины, ростом с сестру, говорил со мною, с windebuli pirvel winadadebaSi (naTesaobiTTan) gadmoscems mimarTulebas, meoreSi (braldebiTTan) _ Sedarebas, mesameSi ki (moqmedebiTTan) Tanaobas. aseve qarTulSi gan Tandebuli kiTxvaze visgan? risgan? naTesaobiTs erTvis da gamoxatavs moqmedebis Camdens an masalas, risganac rame keTdeba, xolo moqmedebiTTan kiTxvaze saidan? _ gamosaval punqts adgilisas Tu droisa. qarTveluri enebidan mxolod qarTulia mdidari TandebulebiT. megrul-Wanuri da svanuri SedarebiT Raribia. amasTan, Wanuris oTxi Tandebulidan k a l a , n i , q i s , k e l e ukanaskneliRaa bgeriTi SedgenilobiT da mniSvnelobiTac qarTul k e n (← `kerZo~) ̕s Sesatyvisi 3 . svanuri imiT gansxvavdeba megrul-Wanurisa da TviT qarTulisagan, rom zogierTi kavkasiuri enis msgavsad, iyenebs or Tandebuls erTad (lSx. lyr-Te+Ji = saxuravis-ken+ze, koj-Te+isa = kldisa-ken+Si: -Te+Ji = -ken+ze, -Te+isa = -ken +Si), Tumca msgavs movlenas vxvdebiT xevsurulSic 4 . miuxedavad imisa, rom sxva enebis windebulTa funqcias qarTulSi zmniswinebi da Tandebulebi asruleben, qarTuls mainc ar axasiaTebs ukanasknelTa (TandebulTa) simcire. Tandebulebi, romlebic saxels TavSic erTodnen da boloSic (Sina, zeda, Tana), amJamad mxolod mosdeven maT. saxelis Semdeg ganmtkicdnen Tandebulis funqciis mqone zmnisarTebic (qveS, qveviT, zeviT, win, gareT, garSemo da sxv.), Tumca zogi maTgani (rogoricaa: msgavsad, nacvlad, garda, maxloblad da sxv.) saxelis winac gvxvdeba, magram, rogorc d. k a r i W a S v i l i SeniSnavda, maTi ase xmareba eucxoveba axal qarTuls 5 . Zveli adgili SeinarCuna TiTqmis yvela erTmarcvlianma Tandebulma: -g a n , -ur T , -m d i s , -T v i s , -e b r , -d a m da sxva. Seicvala urTierToba brunvebisa TandebulebTan. g a m o Tandebuli Zv. qarTulSi ixmareboda moqmedebiTsa, naTesaobiTsa da viTarebiT brunvebTan, amJamad mxolod na- TesaobiTs marTavs. analogiuria - k e n (kerZo) Tandebulis gamoyeneba brunvebTan. z e d a , T a n a , w i n a S e Tu naTesaobiTsa da micemiT brunvas iTxovdnen, axla z e , T a n mxolod micemiTs daerTvis, w i n a S e ki _ naTesaobiTs. istoriulad cvlileba mouvida ara marto Tandebuls, aramed saxelis brunviTs formasac masTan Tandebulis Serwymis gamo. ase, mag., Sina, zeda Tandebulebs moekvecaT -na, -da elementebi da saxelma dakarga micemiTi brunvis niSani -s TandebulTa Tavkidur S da z TanxmovanTan mezoblobis gamo. brunvis niSani SemorCa mxolod mesame piris nacvalsaxels (masSi), -Si Tandebuli zog kiloSi iqca Ci-d. Tana Tandebulsac moekveca bolo xmovani (-a). misi darTvisas boloTanxmovnian saxelebs ekargebaT micemiTis niSani -s. (kerZo→) ken Tandebulma axal qarTulSi da dialeqtebSi icvala saxe: ked, ke, ka, k, yen, ye. aseve nairsaxovania Tvis Tandebuli kiloebSi: Tvin, Tvi, Tun, da mde Tandebulic: mdis, mdisi, mdisin, mdi, mdin, mden, mdvin. zogi funqcia daekarga gamo, gareSe Tandebuls, gaufarTovda daniSnuleba Si, ze, gan, Tan, Tvis Tandebulebs da Tandebulis funqciiT xmarebul zmnisarTebsac. SeizRuda urT Tandebulis xmarebis sfero. xmarebidan gamovida TÂnier, wiaR, wil da maTi funqcia ikisres sxva Tandebulebma. mogviano qarTulSi gamovlinda viT, dam Tandebulebi, pirveli ganmtkicda Tanamedrove saliteraturo enaSi, meore ki xmarebidan gavida. 3 a r n . C i q o b a v a , Wanuris gramatikuli analizi, gv., 65-66. 4 v . T o f u r i a , brunebis sistemisaTvis lakur enaSi: saq. muzeumis moambe, Xb, gv. 5 qarTuli enis gramatika, etimologia, 1930, gv., 126. 136

* * * Tandebulia nawilaki, romelic saxels marTavs garkveul brunvaSi. ase ar iyo gagebuli Tandebuli. amitom zogierTi gramatikosi Tandebuls uwodebda zmniswinebsac. yvela saxis nawilakic Tandebulad iyo miCneuli. mag., p. k v i c a r i Z e werda: `Tandebulebi arian orgvarni: w i n a m Z R o lni da mimyolni. winamZRolebad iwodebian isini, romelnic sityvas TavSi moezavebian da gviCveneben moqmedebis mimarTulebas, anu kidev saxis sisrules a(R), ga(n), Ca, Se, aRma, Semo, mimo, gada, u k e da sxv. mimyolni Tandebulni sityvas boloSi moesmian. eseni arian: S i , z e (d), urT, viT, gamo, ebr, Tvis, dmi, mde, ken, ve da sxv. 6 aseve gaerTianebuli aqvs Tandebuli da zmniswini d. y i f i a n s 7 . zmniswini Tandebulad aris kvalificirebuli d. CubinaSvilis gramatikaSic 8 . m. janaSvilis azriT, zmniswinebi saxels TavSi dasmuli Tandebulebia 9 , g. f i r a l o v i cota sxvanairad yofs zmniswinebs da Tandebulebs: `Tandebulni arian ganyofilni da ganuyofelni~. misTvis Sina, Soris, TÂs, mde, zeda... Tandebulebi arian ganyofilni, ganuyofelni ki: qÀ, vi, Se, garda, gan. mag., q À - mdebare, v i - msaxure, S e - viyvare, g a n - vixile. 10 aq zmniswins rom Tavi davaneboT, pirveli pirisa da qcevis niSani v-i- Tandebulad aris gamocxadebuli. pl. i o s e l i a n i mi, mo, Se, Sa, Ca da msgavsT uwodebs ganmaviTarebel marcvals, `romelnica moezavebian sityÂsa nawilTa~, da yvela amas TandebulTan erTad ixilavs. 11 erTi SexedviT kaci ifiqrebda, rom zmniswinisa da Tandebulis erTad moqceva ubralo saxelwodebis saqmeao. magram ase rom yofiliyo, maSin avtorebs unda gaemijnaT zmniswinisa da Tandebulis morfologiuri da sintaqsuri funqcia, Tundac ise, rogorc es a n t o n i s gramatikaSia. a n t o n i zmniswinebsa da nawilakebs aseT magaliTebSi _ aRviReb, miviReb, mimovhxri, STaval, davhsjdebi, ganvhxdi, Tana-vhÃmob, av- RÂarebca, daviwyebiesye, valsadame da sxv. Tandebulebs ar uwodebs. `xolo ese vi- TarTa ar SesaZlo Tandebulad Tqmaჲ, Tumca ar iynesmca saxelTa zeda darTul, xolo Tan-debulni sakuTrad igini arian, romelnica a R a S e n e b e n b r u n asa, anu iTxoven~ 12 (dayofa Cvenia. _ a. m.). a n t o n i sruliad samarTlianad zmniswinebsa da sxva nawilakebs ar Tvlis Tandebulad, ramdenadac maTTvis araa damaxasia- Tebeli marTva brunvaSi. zmniswinebs Tandebulebs uwodebs T. J o r d a n i a c , magram maT mainc ganasxvavebs erTmaneTisagan. `arian Tandebulni sazmneboni, romelnic SeuerTdebian zmnaTa da ara iTxoven brunvaTa, mag.: ga, wa, me... da sxv.~ 13 zmniswini da Tandebuli gamijnulia da cal-calkea ganxiluli z . S a n S o v a - nis, gaiozis, d. kariWaSvilis, s. xundaZis, i. nikolaiSvilis, ar. quTaTelaZis gramatikebSi. rigi zmniswinebisa da Tandebulebis aRreva uTuod imitom xdeboda, rom garegnulad msgavsni geneturadac erTi da igive arian. zogi maTgani zmnasTan zmniswinis rols asrulebs, saxelTan ki _ Tandebulisas da orive SemTxvevaSi ZiriTadi funqcia TiTqmis erTi da igivea. aseTia, magaliTad, gan. 14 Se- zmniswinic iseTive warmo- Sobisa Cans, rogoric Si- Tandebuli. amaze miuTiTebs maTi msgavseba mniSvnelobis mxrivac. 6 qarTuli swormetyveleba, pirveli wigni, gv. 154. 7 axali qarTuli grammatika, gv. 131. 8 qarTuli Rrammatika, gv. XXVIII. 9 qarTuli grammatika, gv. 128. 11 pirÀl-dawyebiTni kanonni qarTulisa Rrammatikisa, 1840, gv. 79. 12 qarTuli Rrammatika, gv. 99. 13 qarTuli grammatika, gv. 154. 14 v . b e r i Z e , sagan-sityvis etimologiisaTvis: saq. ssr mecn. akad. moambe, III, # 4, gv. 382-383. 137

* * *<br />

Tandebulia nawilaki, romelic saxels marTavs garkveul brunvaSi. ase ar iyo gagebuli<br />

Tandebuli. amitom zogierTi gramatikosi Tandebuls uwodebda zmniswinebsac.<br />

yvela saxis nawilakic Tandebulad iyo miCneuli. mag., p. k v i c a r i Z e werda:<br />

`Tandebulebi arian orgvarni: w i n a m Z R o lni da mimyolni. winamZRolebad iwodebian<br />

isini, romelnic sityvas TavSi moezavebian da gviCveneben moqmedebis mimarTulebas,<br />

anu kidev saxis sisrules a(R), ga(n), Ca, Se, aRma, Semo, mimo, gada,<br />

u k e da sxv. mimyolni Tandebulni sityvas boloSi moesmian. eseni arian: S i , z e (d),<br />

urT, viT, gamo, ebr, Tvis, dmi, mde, ken, ve da sxv. 6<br />

aseve gaerTianebuli aqvs Tandebuli da zmniswini d. y i f i a n s 7 . zmniswini Tandebulad<br />

aris kvalificirebuli d. CubinaSvilis gramatikaSic 8 . m. janaSvilis<br />

azriT, zmniswinebi saxels TavSi dasmuli Tandebulebia 9 , g. f i r a l o v i cota sxvanairad<br />

yofs zmniswinebs da Tandebulebs: `Tandebulni arian ganyofilni da ganuyofelni~.<br />

misTvis Sina, Soris, TÂs, mde, zeda... Tandebulebi arian ganyofilni, ganuyofelni<br />

ki: qÀ, vi, Se, garda, gan. mag., q À - mdebare, v i - msaxure, S e - viyvare, g a n - vixile.<br />

10 aq zmniswins rom Tavi davaneboT, pirveli pirisa da qcevis niSani v-i- Tandebulad<br />

aris gamocxadebuli. pl. i o s e l i a n i mi, mo, Se, Sa, Ca da msgavsT uwodebs ganmaviTarebel<br />

marcvals, `romelnica moezavebian sityÂsa nawilTa~, da yvela amas TandebulTan<br />

erTad ixilavs. 11<br />

erTi SexedviT kaci ifiqrebda, rom zmniswinisa da Tandebulis erTad moqceva ubralo<br />

saxelwodebis saqmeao. magram ase rom yofiliyo, maSin avtorebs unda gaemijnaT<br />

zmniswinisa da Tandebulis morfologiuri da sintaqsuri funqcia, Tundac ise,<br />

rogorc es a n t o n i s gramatikaSia. a n t o n i zmniswinebsa da nawilakebs aseT magaliTebSi<br />

_ aRviReb, miviReb, mimovhxri, STaval, davhsjdebi, ganvhxdi, Tana-vhÃmob, av-<br />

RÂarebca, daviwyebiesye, valsadame da sxv. Tandebulebs ar uwodebs. `xolo ese vi-<br />

TarTa ar SesaZlo Tandebulad Tqmaჲ, Tumca ar iynesmca saxelTa zeda darTul,<br />

xolo Tan-debulni sakuTrad igini arian, romelnica a R a S e n e b e n b r u n asa,<br />

anu iTxoven~ 12 (dayofa Cvenia. _ a. m.). a n t o n i sruliad samarTlianad zmniswinebsa<br />

da sxva nawilakebs ar Tvlis Tandebulad, ramdenadac maTTvis araa damaxasia-<br />

Tebeli marTva brunvaSi.<br />

zmniswinebs Tandebulebs uwodebs T. J o r d a n i a c , magram maT mainc ganasxvavebs<br />

erTmaneTisagan. `arian Tandebulni sazmneboni, romelnic SeuerTdebian zmnaTa da<br />

ara iTxoven brunvaTa, mag.: ga, wa, me... da sxv.~ 13<br />

zmniswini da Tandebuli gamijnulia da cal-calkea ganxiluli z . S a n S o v a -<br />

nis, gaiozis, d. kariWaSvilis, s. xundaZis, i. nikolaiSvilis,<br />

ar. quTaTelaZis gramatikebSi.<br />

rigi zmniswinebisa da Tandebulebis aRreva uTuod imitom xdeboda, rom garegnulad<br />

msgavsni geneturadac erTi da igive arian. zogi maTgani zmnasTan zmniswinis<br />

rols asrulebs, saxelTan ki _ Tandebulisas da orive SemTxvevaSi ZiriTadi funqcia<br />

TiTqmis erTi da igivea. aseTia, magaliTad, gan. 14 Se- zmniswinic iseTive warmo-<br />

Sobisa Cans, rogoric Si- Tandebuli. amaze miuTiTebs maTi msgavseba mniSvnelobis<br />

mxrivac.<br />

6 qarTuli swormetyveleba, pirveli wigni, gv. 154.<br />

7 axali qarTuli grammatika, gv. 131.<br />

8 qarTuli Rrammatika, gv. XXVIII.<br />

9 qarTuli grammatika, gv. 128.<br />

11 pirÀl-dawyebiTni kanonni qarTulisa Rrammatikisa, 1840, gv. 79.<br />

12 qarTuli Rrammatika, gv. 99.<br />

13 qarTuli grammatika, gv. 154.<br />

14 v . b e r i Z e , sagan-sityvis etimologiisaTvis: saq. ssr mecn. akad. moambe, III, # 4, gv. 382-383.<br />

137

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