q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a

nis adgilmyofobas uCveneben, braldebiTTan ki kiTxvaze saiTken? (куда? wohin?) _ mimarTulebas.
rusulSi сошел с вершины, ростом с сестру, говорил со мною, с windebuli pirvel
winadadebaSi (naTesaobiTTan) gadmoscems mimarTulebas, meoreSi (braldebiTTan)
_ Sedarebas, mesameSi ki (moqmedebiTTan) Tanaobas. aseve qarTulSi gan Tandebuli
kiTxvaze visgan? risgan? naTesaobiTs erTvis da gamoxatavs moqmedebis Camdens an
masalas, risganac rame keTdeba, xolo moqmedebiTTan kiTxvaze saidan? _ gamosaval
punqts adgilisas Tu droisa.
qarTveluri enebidan mxolod qarTulia mdidari TandebulebiT. megrul-Wanuri
da svanuri SedarebiT Raribia. amasTan, Wanuris oTxi Tandebulidan k a l a , n i , q i s ,
k e l e ukanaskneliRaa bgeriTi SedgenilobiT da mniSvnelobiTac qarTul k e n (←
`kerZo~) ̕s Sesatyvisi 3 . svanuri imiT gansxvavdeba megrul-Wanurisa da TviT qarTulisagan,
rom zogierTi kavkasiuri enis msgavsad, iyenebs or Tandebuls erTad (lSx.
lyr-Te+Ji = saxuravis-ken+ze, koj-Te+isa = kldisa-ken+Si: -Te+Ji = -ken+ze, -Te+isa =
-ken +Si), Tumca msgavs movlenas vxvdebiT xevsurulSic 4 .
miuxedavad imisa, rom sxva enebis windebulTa funqcias qarTulSi zmniswinebi da
Tandebulebi asruleben, qarTuls mainc ar axasiaTebs ukanasknelTa (TandebulTa)
simcire.
Tandebulebi, romlebic saxels TavSic erTodnen da boloSic (Sina, zeda, Tana),
amJamad mxolod mosdeven maT. saxelis Semdeg ganmtkicdnen Tandebulis funqciis
mqone zmnisarTebic (qveS, qveviT, zeviT, win, gareT, garSemo da sxv.), Tumca zogi maTgani
(rogoricaa: msgavsad, nacvlad, garda, maxloblad da sxv.) saxelis winac
gvxvdeba, magram, rogorc d. k a r i W a S v i l i SeniSnavda, maTi ase xmareba eucxoveba
axal qarTuls 5 .
Zveli adgili SeinarCuna TiTqmis yvela erTmarcvlianma Tandebulma: -g a n , -ur T ,
-m d i s , -T v i s , -e b r , -d a m da sxva.
Seicvala urTierToba brunvebisa TandebulebTan. g a m o Tandebuli Zv. qarTulSi
ixmareboda moqmedebiTsa, naTesaobiTsa da viTarebiT brunvebTan, amJamad mxolod na-
TesaobiTs marTavs. analogiuria - k e n (kerZo) Tandebulis gamoyeneba brunvebTan.
z e d a , T a n a , w i n a S e Tu naTesaobiTsa da micemiT brunvas iTxovdnen, axla z e ,
T a n mxolod micemiTs daerTvis, w i n a S e ki _ naTesaobiTs.
istoriulad cvlileba mouvida ara marto Tandebuls, aramed saxelis brunviTs
formasac masTan Tandebulis Serwymis gamo. ase, mag., Sina, zeda Tandebulebs moekvecaT
-na, -da elementebi da saxelma dakarga micemiTi brunvis niSani -s TandebulTa
Tavkidur S da z TanxmovanTan mezoblobis gamo. brunvis niSani SemorCa mxolod mesame
piris nacvalsaxels (masSi), -Si Tandebuli zog kiloSi iqca Ci-d.
Tana Tandebulsac moekveca bolo xmovani (-a). misi darTvisas boloTanxmovnian
saxelebs ekargebaT micemiTis niSani -s.
(kerZo→) ken Tandebulma axal qarTulSi da dialeqtebSi icvala saxe: ked, ke, ka,
k, yen, ye.
aseve nairsaxovania Tvis Tandebuli kiloebSi: Tvin, Tvi, Tun, da mde Tandebulic:
mdis, mdisi, mdisin, mdi, mdin, mden, mdvin.
zogi funqcia daekarga gamo, gareSe Tandebuls, gaufarTovda daniSnuleba Si, ze,
gan, Tan, Tvis Tandebulebs da Tandebulis funqciiT xmarebul zmnisarTebsac.
SeizRuda urT Tandebulis xmarebis sfero.
xmarebidan gamovida TÂnier, wiaR, wil da maTi funqcia ikisres sxva Tandebulebma.
mogviano qarTulSi gamovlinda viT, dam Tandebulebi, pirveli ganmtkicda Tanamedrove
saliteraturo enaSi, meore ki xmarebidan gavida.
3 a r n . C i q o b a v a , Wanuris gramatikuli analizi, gv., 65-66.
4 v . T o f u r i a , brunebis sistemisaTvis lakur enaSi: saq. muzeumis moambe, Xb, gv.
5 qarTuli enis gramatika, etimologia, 1930, gv., 126.
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