q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a
q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a
da-i-Cem-a wer-s _ wer-il-i m-wer-al-i da-wer-il-i mimosaxrel afiqsebze ki, kerZod, brunvis niSnebze, moswavleebs aseTi kategoriuli debuleba eZlevaT saxelmZRvaneloSi: `erTi da igive saxeli mniSvnelobis Seucvlelad SeiZleba Svidi sxvadasxva formiT Segvxvdes~ 7 . maSasadame, maT ician, rom Sav-i qud-ian-i Sav-ma qud-ian-ma Sav-s qud-ian-s Sav-is qud-ian-is Sav-iT qud-ian-iT Sav-ad qud-ian-ad Sav-o qud-ian-o formebi tolfasia mniSvnelobiT da winadadebaSi sxva sityvebTan saurTierTod ixmareba. zmnizedis swavlebisas ki veubnebiT, rom saxeli romelime formiT `qvavdeba~ da es gaqvavebuli forma sxva metyvelebis nawilia, romelic erTvis zmnas. mecnieruli TvalsazrisiT, SeiZleba gadamwyveti mniSvneloba arc hqondes imas, `Savad~ zmnizeda iqneba Tu zedsarTavi saxelis viTarebiTi brunvis forma, magram moswavleebs uWirT am rTuli procesis cxadad warmodgena. saskolo saxelmZRvaneloSi da saenaTmecniero literaturaSi warmodgenili aRniSnuli formula ase SeiZleba gamartivdes: viTarebiT brunvaSi dasmuli zedsarTavi saxeli rCeba imav metyvelebis nawilad anu zedsarTav saxelad, oRond mas sintaqsurad viTarebiTi garemoebis funqciis gamoxatva daekisreba. gramatikis erT-erT odiTganve saintereso da sadavo sakiTxs metyvelebis nawil- Ta klasifikacia warmoadgens. imis mixedviT, Tu ras aviRebT saklasifikacio principad (Sinaarss, formas Tu funqcias), sityvaTa sxvadasxva dajgufebebs miviRebT. ara marto sityvaTa, nebismieri sistemis elementTa klasifikaciisas, rogorc wesi, or savaldebulo moTxovnas iTvaliswineben: 1. sistemis arc erTi elementi ar unda dar- Ces klasifikaciis gareT; 2. erTi elementi mxolod erT jgufSi unda Sediodes. Cven SemTxvevaSi ki `Savi~ da, saerTod, yvela zedsarTavi saxeli yovelgvari Sinaarsobrivi cvalebadobis gareSe erTdroulad ori klasis wevri gamodis _ zedsarTavi saxelicaa da zmnizedac. aq SeiZleba Semogvedavon: Sinaarsi Tu ar icvleba, funqcia xom aris gansxvavebulio, magram gavixsenoT analogiuri viTareba: naTesaobiTSi dasmuli arsebiTi saxeli anu marTuli msazRvreli winadadebaSi gansazRvrebis funqcias asrulebs, im sintaqsur funqcias, romelSic, Cveulebriv, zedsarTavi saxeli gvevlineba xolme, magram aravis uTqvams konstruqciaSi `xis saxli~_ `xis~ zedsarTavi saxeliao. `viTarebiTi brunvis formiT (zogjer brunvis niSnis nawilobrivi SekveciT) warmodgenilia Semdegi zmnizedebi: Cqara (Cqarad), nela (nelad), maRla (maRlad)~... 8 mocemul SemTxvevaSi warmodgenilia zedsarTavi saxelisagan nawarmoebi iseTi formebi, romlebic moqmedebis ragvarobas an adgilmdebareobas gamoxataven da mniSvnelobiTac, formiTac da funqciiTac zmnizedebia. enam maTi zedsarTavi saxelebisagan gamosayofad TviTon monaxa saSualeba _ moakveca brunvis niSnis bolo Tanxmovani, aqcia `gaqvavebul~ formad da mospo zedsarTav saxelTan maTi gaigivebis SesaZlebloba. dRes enaSi erTmaneTis gverdiT arsebobs paraleluri formebi: maRali _ maRla 7 a. SaniZe, i. imnaiSvili, l. kvaWaZe, qarTuli ena, V kl. saxelmZRvanelo, Tb., 1983, gv. 32. 8 a. SaniZe, Txzulebani, t. III, Tb., 1980, gv. 591. 132
dabali _ dabla neli _ nela Cqari _ Cqara kargi _ karga (karga mozrdili lukma) marTali _ marTla maTi erTmaneTSi areva gamoricxulia. imaves ver vityviT meore SemTxvevaze: `micemiTis formiT warmodgenilia Semdegi zmnizedebi: Zirs, axlos, Sors, saRamos, dilas, dRes, wels...~ 9 dasaxelebul zmnizedaTagan zogi arsebiTi saxelisagan aris miRebuli (Zirs, saRamos, dilas...), zogi _ zedsarTavi saxelisagan (axlos, Sors). am SemTxvevaSi enam, rogorc Cans, ver miaRwia formobriv cvlilebas, samagierod, am fuZeTa Cveulebrivi micemiTis forma Sinaarsobrivad ise dascilda Tavis `gaqvavebul~ variants, rom dRes isini ufro omoformebad aRiqmebian, vidre erTsa da imave sityvebad: maT erTmaneTTan pirdapiri Sinaarsobrivi kavSiri dakarges: Zirs _ dabla, qveviT, qvemoTken; Zir-i (Zir-s) _ raime sagnis an movlenis qveda nawili. maSasadame, yvela zedsarTavi saxeli da ricxviTi saxeli, zogi arsebiTi saxeli da nacvalsaxeli `ZiriTadi mniSvnelobisagan ki ar icleba~ da zmnizedad ki ar iqceva, funqcias icvlis da winadadebaSi viTarebis garemoebis rolSi gamodis. rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, samecniero literaturaSi iTvleba, rom viTarebiT brunvaSi dasmuli yvela zedsarTavi saxeli da ricxviTi saxeli, zogi arsebiTi saxeli da nacvalsaxeli `gadaqceulia viTarebis zmnizedad~. es `gadaqceva~ ase SeiZleba warmovidginoT: raki viTarebis garemoeba viTarebis zmnizediT unda iyos gadmocemuli, xolo zmnizeda TavisTavad formaucvleli sityvaa, sxva gamosavali ar aris, garemoebad gamoyenebuli saxelebi viTarebiTi brunvis formiT gaqvavebul formad unda gamovacxadoT. magram daviwyebulia is garemoeba, rom, raki zmnizeda zmnas `gansazRvravs~, xolo zmna, rogorc cnobilia, masze damokidebuli metyvelebis nawilis formis Tavisuflebas `ver itans~, TavisTavad viRebT `gaqvavebul~ formebs. ganvixiloT ori Sesityveba: Tavs kargad maCvenebs _ Tavs bavSvad maCvenebs. Tavi kargad momaCvena _ Tavi bavSvad momaCvena. Tavi kargad mouCvenebia _ Tavi bavSvad mouCvenebia. ratom aris gayinuli, gaqvavebuli forma `kargad~, `bavSvad~ ki ara? Tu zmnas arsebiTi saxelisagan SeuZlia viTarebiTi brunvis forma moiTxovos, zedsarTavi saxelisagan ratom ar SeuZlia? ratom iTvleba, rom `bavSvad~ arsebiTi saxelia ubralo damatebis funqciiT, xolo `kargad~ zmnizedaa da ara zedsarTavi saxeli viTarebis garemoebis funqciiT? aRsaniSnavia is garemoeba, rom viTarebiTi brunvis funqcia `viTarebis~, moqmedebis ragvarobis gamoxatvaa da zedsarTav saxels, romelic arsebiT saxels axasiaTebs, igi sulac ar sWirdeba (Tu mxedvelobaSi ar miviRebT msazRvrel-sazRvrulis e. w. Sebrunebul wyobas, romelic Tanamedrove qarTulSi Zalian iSviaTia): Savad dauRamda _ Sav dRed dauRamda. orad gaiyo _ or nawilad gaiyo. Cemad momeCvena _ Cem wignad momeCvena. yovelive zemoTqmulidan aseTi daskvna SeiZleba gakeTdes: 1) viTarebiT brunvaSi 9 iqve, gv. 589. 133
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dabali _ dabla<br />
neli _ nela<br />
Cqari _ Cqara<br />
kargi _ karga (karga mozrdili lukma)<br />
marTali _ marTla<br />
maTi erTmaneTSi areva gamoricxulia.<br />
imaves ver vityviT meore SemTxvevaze:<br />
`micemiTis formiT warmodgenilia Semdegi zmnizedebi: Zirs, axlos, Sors, saRamos,<br />
dilas, dRes, wels...~ 9 dasaxelebul zmnizedaTagan zogi arsebiTi saxelisagan<br />
aris miRebuli (Zirs, saRamos, dilas...), zogi _ zedsarTavi saxelisagan (axlos,<br />
Sors). am SemTxvevaSi enam, rogorc Cans, ver miaRwia formobriv cvlilebas, samagierod,<br />
am fuZeTa Cveulebrivi micemiTis forma Sinaarsobrivad ise dascilda Tavis<br />
`gaqvavebul~ variants, rom dRes isini ufro omoformebad aRiqmebian, vidre erTsa<br />
da imave sityvebad: maT erTmaneTTan pirdapiri Sinaarsobrivi kavSiri dakarges:<br />
Zirs _ dabla, qveviT, qvemoTken;<br />
Zir-i (Zir-s) _ raime sagnis an movlenis qveda nawili.<br />
maSasadame, yvela zedsarTavi saxeli da ricxviTi saxeli, zogi arsebiTi saxeli<br />
da nacvalsaxeli `ZiriTadi mniSvnelobisagan ki ar icleba~ da zmnizedad ki ar iqceva,<br />
funqcias icvlis da winadadebaSi viTarebis garemoebis rolSi gamodis.<br />
rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, samecniero literaturaSi iTvleba, rom viTarebiT brunvaSi<br />
dasmuli yvela zedsarTavi saxeli da ricxviTi saxeli, zogi arsebiTi saxeli<br />
da nacvalsaxeli `gadaqceulia viTarebis zmnizedad~.<br />
es `gadaqceva~ ase SeiZleba warmovidginoT: raki viTarebis garemoeba viTarebis<br />
zmnizediT unda iyos gadmocemuli, xolo zmnizeda TavisTavad formaucvleli<br />
sityvaa, sxva gamosavali ar aris, garemoebad gamoyenebuli saxelebi viTarebiTi<br />
brunvis formiT gaqvavebul formad unda gamovacxadoT. magram daviwyebulia is garemoeba,<br />
rom, raki zmnizeda zmnas `gansazRvravs~, xolo zmna, rogorc cnobilia,<br />
masze damokidebuli metyvelebis nawilis formis Tavisuflebas `ver itans~, TavisTavad<br />
viRebT `gaqvavebul~ formebs. ganvixiloT ori Sesityveba:<br />
Tavs kargad maCvenebs _ Tavs bavSvad maCvenebs.<br />
Tavi kargad momaCvena _ Tavi bavSvad momaCvena.<br />
Tavi kargad mouCvenebia _ Tavi bavSvad mouCvenebia.<br />
ratom aris gayinuli, gaqvavebuli forma `kargad~, `bavSvad~ ki ara? Tu zmnas arsebiTi<br />
saxelisagan SeuZlia viTarebiTi brunvis forma moiTxovos, zedsarTavi saxelisagan<br />
ratom ar SeuZlia? ratom iTvleba, rom `bavSvad~ arsebiTi saxelia ubralo<br />
damatebis funqciiT, xolo `kargad~ zmnizedaa da ara zedsarTavi saxeli viTarebis<br />
garemoebis funqciiT? aRsaniSnavia is garemoeba, rom viTarebiTi brunvis funqcia<br />
`viTarebis~, moqmedebis ragvarobis gamoxatvaa da zedsarTav saxels, romelic arsebiT<br />
saxels axasiaTebs, igi sulac ar sWirdeba (Tu mxedvelobaSi ar miviRebT msazRvrel-sazRvrulis<br />
e. w. Sebrunebul wyobas, romelic Tanamedrove qarTulSi Zalian<br />
iSviaTia):<br />
Savad dauRamda _ Sav dRed dauRamda.<br />
orad gaiyo _ or nawilad gaiyo.<br />
Cemad momeCvena _ Cem wignad momeCvena.<br />
yovelive zemoTqmulidan aseTi daskvna SeiZleba gakeTdes: 1) viTarebiT brunvaSi<br />
9 iqve, gv. 589.<br />
133
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