q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a

zmnizedis swavlebis zogierTi sakiTxi 1
130
cira RvinaZe
zmnizeda swavlebis TvalsazrisiT erT-erTi rTuli da `daCagruli” metyvelebis
nawilia. amaze jer kidev 50-ian wlebSi miuTiTebdnen mkvlevrebi 2 .
zmnizedis swavlebis sirTules iwvevs e. w. zmnizedis funqciiT naxmari sityvebis
raodenoba da formaTa nairgvaroba. zmnizedadaa CaTvlili: a) viTarebiT brunvaSi
dasmuli yvela zedsarTavi da ricxviTi saxeli (kargad, mSvidad, bevrad, orad, xu-
Tad...), krebiTi arsebiTi saxelebi (jgufad, mwkrivad...); b) moqmedebiT brunvaSi dasmuli
abstraqtuli, moqmedeba-mdgomareobisa da emociurobis gamomxatveli nazmnari
arsebiTi saxelebi (gagiJebiT, siyvaruliT...), adgilmdebareobis, droisa da zoma-wonis
arsebiTi saxelebi (gverdiT, moSorebiT, diliT, wlobiT, droebiT, tonobiT, urmobiT...),
ricxviTi saxelebi (asobiT, milionobiT, bevriT, measediT...), Txzuli arsebi-
Ti saxelebi (drogamoSvebiT, RapaRupiT, gulistkeniT...), Sorisdebulebi da nawilakebi
(vaiT, jerjerobiT, viSviSiT...), g) micemiT brunvaSi dasmuli zogi arsebiTi da
zedsarTavi saxeli (dRes, wels, Zirs, didxans, pirs, Sors, axlos). 3
gamodis, rom zmnizedis funqciiT SeiZleba ixmarebodes zmnis garda yvela sityva.
samecniero literaturaSi ki zmnizedis funqciiT sxva sityvaTa gamoyenebis nacvlad
saubaria zmnizedaTa jgufebis simravleze, raki zmnizedebad miiCneven zmnizedad gamoyenebul
zog zedsarTavsa da ricxviT saxels, arsebiTsa da nacvalsaxels da a. S.
es, Cveni azriT, logikur Seusabamobas iwvevs: roca metyvelebis nawilTa funqciaze
vlaparakobT, mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs is, Tu ras aRniSnaven isini, sityvaTa rogor
erTobliobas aerTianeben erTi niSnis qveS. mag., arsebiTi saxelis funqcia sagnis
aRniSvnaa, zedsarTavi saxelisa ki _ sagnis niSan-Tvisebisa. es sityvebi xSirad ixmareba
erTmaneTis funqciiT (brmam manqana ver dainaxa; erTi uremi SeSa gayida), magram
amis gamo `brma~ arsebiTi saxelia, xolo `uremi~ _ zedsarTavio, aravin ityvis. maS
ratom iTvleba SesityvebebSi `tba lurjad kamkamebs” da `lurji tbis sikamkame~ _
`lurji~ xan zedsarTav saxelad, xan ki zmnizedad? Cveni azriT, aseTi Seusabamobis
saTave SemdegSi mdgomareobs:
zmnizedis gramatikul-sintaqsuri funqcia winadadebaSi garemoebis gadmocemaa da
amitom yvela sityva, romelic garemoebas gamoxatavs, specialur literaturaSi morfologiuri
TvalsazrisiT zmnizedadaa miCneuli.
gramatikul literaturaSi warmodgenili gansazRvrebis mixedviT, zmnizedad iTvleba
yvela is sityva, romelsac: a) damoukidebeli mniSvnelobac aqvs da b) formaucvalebelicaa.
pirveladi zmnizedebi akmayofileben am orive moTxovnas. igive ver
iTqmis meoreul zmnizedebze, romlebic specialur literaturaSi sxva metyvelebis
nawilebisagan miRebulad iTvlebian `ZiriTadi mniSvnelobisagan daclisa~ da `formis
gaqvavebis~ Semdeg.
rogorc cnobilia, sityvis mniSvneloba icvleba maSin, roca met-naklebad icvleba
aRsaniSni. magaliTad:
qudi _ aRniSnavs sagans (`adamianis Tavze dasaxuravi~); 4
qudiani _ aRniSnavs niSans (`visac qudi axuravs~);
saqude _ niSania (`qudisaTvis gankuTvnili~) da a. S.
aseve, wiTeli _ niSania;
wiTldeba _ moqmedebaa (`wiTel fers iRebs~);
1 qarTuli enis da literatura skolaSi, N1-4, 1987.
2 m. TalakvaZe, qarTuli enis swavlebis meTodika, Tb., 1959; m. CinCalaZe, qarTuli zmnizedis
swavleba skolaSi, Tb., 1955.
3 magaliTebi amoRebulia m. CinCalaZis dasax. naSromidan.
4 ganmartebebisaTvis gamoyenebulia `qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni”, t. I-VIII., 1950-1965.