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icxvi 1<br />
126<br />
lali ezugbaia<br />
ricxvi, logikur-gramatikuli kategoria. logikuri TvalsazrisiT, ricxvi gulisxmobs<br />
semantikur opozicias: erTi _ erTze meti. es ukanaskneli SeiZleba iyos<br />
ori, sami, oTxi da a. S. garda amisa, arsebobs jgufi e. w. uTvladi sagnebisa, romel-<br />
Ta ricxvis gageba gansxvavebulia Tvladi sagnebis ricxvis gagebisagan. gramatikuli<br />
TvalsazrsiT, ricxvis kategoria emyareba semantikur opozicias: mxoloobiTi _<br />
mravlobiTi, rac enaTa umravlesobisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. zog enaSi gvxvdeba<br />
orobiTi, samobiTi da a. S. ricxvic.<br />
zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, specialur literaturaSi ricxvis warmoebis ori<br />
sistemaa gamoyofili: logikuri da gramatikuli, romelTa Tanxvedra arsebiT saxelebSi<br />
xdeba. sxvagvarad, ricxvi aris enobrivi azrovnebis obieqtTa (saganTa) raodenobrivi<br />
maxasiaTebeli, romelic mxolod arsebiT saxelebsa da piris (CvenebiT) nacvalsaxelebs<br />
SeiZleba hqondes. danarCen metyvelebis nawilebs ricxvi sintaqsurad<br />
ewarmoeba. kerZod, saxelis an nacvalsaxelis ricxvis formas eTanxmeba zmnis forma.<br />
aseve, zedsarTavi saxelis formac gamoxatavs mimarTebas arsebiTi saxelis r-is<br />
formisadmi. orsave SemTxvevaSi gvaqvs ricxvSi SeTanxmeba, romelic sintaqsuri kategoriaa<br />
da ara logikuri.<br />
saxelis mravlobiTi ricxvi gulisxmobs simravlis (raodenobriobis) cnebas, romelic<br />
yvela enaSi erTnairad aRiqmeba, amave dros logikurad da gramatikuladac<br />
erTi da igive odenobaa. saxelis mxoloobiTi ricxvi erTis gagebas emyareba, Tumca<br />
isic pirobiTia da damokidebulia ama Tu im enis msoflxedvaze.<br />
zmnis ricxvis forma gviCvenebs, moqmedebs erTi, Tu erTze meti piri. amdenad,<br />
mravlobiTobis gageba sakuTriv zmnaSi ki ar devs, aramed qvemdebare-subieqtSi, anu:<br />
`isini modian~ gamoxatavs ara imdenad `siaruls~, ramdenadac `mosiaruleebs~. esaa<br />
gramatikuli movlena, romlis safuZvelzedac gamoiyofa ricxvis morfosintaqsuri<br />
kategoria.<br />
amrigad, ricxvis kategoria moicavs enis morfologiur, sintaqsur da semantikur<br />
doneebs. Sesabamisad, erTi mxriv, ricxvi gramatikuli kategoriaa, meore mxriv, is<br />
leqsikur kategoriaTa sferosac ganekuTvneba. aq igulisxmeba ricxviTi saxelebi,<br />
raodenobis aRmniSvneli saxelebi, rogoricaa `bevri~, `mravali~ da a. S.<br />
qarTulSi gramatikuli ricxvis warmoeba afiqsTa saSualebiT xdeba. arsebobs<br />
mravlobiTis aRmniSvnel morfemaTa sxvadasxvagvari kvalifikacia: ricxvi warmoqmnis<br />
kategoriad aris miCneuli, amitomac saxelis mravlobiTis mawarmoebeli -eb sufiqsi<br />
warmosaqmnel afiqsTa rigSi dgas (a. SaniZe). fleqsiur da derivaciul afiqsTa gverdiT<br />
gamoyofilia e. w. gardamavali tipis afiqsebi _ -eb morfema saxelebSi da -T _<br />
zmnaSi (arn. Ciqobava). mesame TvalsazrisiT, saxelTa mravlobiTobis -n da -eb sufiqsebi,<br />
msgavsad pirTa mravlobiTis -T, -en sufiqsebisa zmnaSi, leqsikur mniSvnelobas<br />
ver cvlian formebSi, isini mxolod fleqsiuri elementebia (T. uTurgaiZe). ramdenadac<br />
zmnas ricxvi sintaqsurad ewarmoeba, zmnaSi gamoyenebuli ricxvis formantebi<br />
oden fleqsiuri elementebi SeiZleba iyos. saxelebSi gansxvavebulad dgas sakiTxi,<br />
radgan amosavalia ricxvis logikur-semantikuri gageba, erTisa da mravlis semantikuri<br />
opozicia.<br />
qarTul enaSi saxelis mravlobiTis warmoeba xdeba -eb, -n da -T sufiqsebiT. amaTgan<br />
-eb Zvel qarTulSi naklebad ixmareboda, ZiriTadad usulo sagnebis an `socialurad<br />
pasiur arsebaTa~ aRmniSvnel saxelebTan (k. dondua). Sesabamisad, -eb morfemas<br />
ar hqonda sintaqsuri Zala. am funqciiT aRWurvili iyo n/T-iani mravlobiTi. magram<br />
imTaviTve arsebobda sxvaoba: -eb morfemiT r-is warmoebis aglutinaciuri prin-<br />
1 qarTuli ena, enciklopedia, Tb., 2008.
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