q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a

dasaxelebuli zedsarTavi saxelebi awarmoeben xarisxis formebs: bednieri _ ubednieresi,
keTilSobili _ ukeTilSobilesi. xarisxis formaTa warmoebis unaris gamo vi-
TarebiT zedsarTav saxelad ganixileba agreTve mimReoburi formebi: mwife, morcxvi,
myrali, mxurvale.
mimarTebiTi zedsarTavi saxeli yvela nawarmoebi, motivirebuli saxelia gam-
Wvirvale struqturiTa da semantikiT. fuZis mixedviT mimarTebiTi zedsarTavi saxeli
warmoqmnili an Txzulia. warmoqmnil zedsarTavebSi Zireul saxelad
(semantikur birTvad) upiratesad arsebiTi saxeli gvxvdeba (Saqriani, sazeimo), SedarebiT
iSviaTad _ sxva metyvelebis nawili: zedsarTavi saxeli (saswrafo, mciredi),
nacvalsaxeli (Cveneburi, saCveno), ricxviTi saxeli (erTiani, pirveladi), zmnisarTi
(aqauri, samudamo), zmna (mSvenieri, mSieri), damxmare sityva (saTuo, uebro); formis
mixedviT warmoqmnili zedsarTavi saxeli, Cveulebriv, sufiqsuri (mziani, wignieri)
an prefiqsul-sufiqsuria (meocnebe, saSemodgomo), iSviaTad _ oden prefiqsuli (uricxvi,
alogikuri, araordinaruli, antikorufciuli); semantikis (mniSvnelobis) mixedviT
gamoiyofa warmoqmnil zedsarTav saxelTa Semdegi jgufebi: qonebis (yabalaxiani,
Subosani, Zalovani, wesieri), uqonlobis (ugemuri, uwignuri, ugulo, udisciplino),
warmomavlobis (qalaqeli _ qalaquri, wliuri, guSindeli), daniSnulebis (safosto,
saqveyno, saswrafo).
yuradRebas iqcevs moqmedebiTi da viT.arebiTi brunvis niSnebiT nawarmoebi zedsarTavi
saxelebi: dadebiTi, weriTi, ricxviTi, JangviTi; drekadi, denadi, xsnadi, kum-
Svadi. am tipis zedsarTavTa gamoyenebis are terminologiuri daniSnulebiT ganuzomlad
farToa.
T x z u l i zedsarTavi saxeli aris fuZegaorkecebuli (giJmaJi, uzarmazari, ma-
Ral-maRali) an nairfuZiani (Rarib-Rataki, cocxal-mkvdari; vardisferi, gulqva,
gulkeTili, gulgatexili).
zedsarTavi saxeli, rogorc niSan-Tvisebis gamomxatveli sityva, sagnis saxelTan
_ arsebiT saxelTan (sazRvrulTan) erTad funqcionirebs: qmnis msazRvrel-sazRvrulis
sintaqsur wyvils, ibrunvis rogorc atributuli msazRvreli (wiTeli vaSli,
wiTelma vaSlma...). zedsarTavi saxeli konteqstSi SeiZleba damoukideblad, arsebiTi
saxelis (sazRvrulis) gareSec Segvxvdes. am SemTxvevaSi igi gasubstantivebulia, Sesityvebas
qmnis zmnasTan, asrulebs arsebiTi saxelis funqcias da ibrunvis rogorc
saTanado fuZis arsebiTi saxeli (mag.: kuzians samare gaasworebso).
zogierTi enaTmecnieri afarToebs zedsarTavi saxelis tradiciul CarCos da mas-
Si, rogorc nazmnari zedsarTavi saxeli, mimReobac Seaqvs (S. kekelia, a. daviTiani).
rusul saenaTmecniero literaturaSi es CarCo kidev ufro gafarToebulia da zedsarTavi
saxelis, rogorc metyvelebis nawilis, SemadgenlobaSi, sakuTriv zedsarTavi
saxelis garda, brunebis wesisa da sintaqsuri funqciis msgavseba-erTianobis safuZvelze,
mimReobasTan erTad SeaqvT rigobiTi ricxviTi saxeli da nacvalsaxeli
(piris nacvalsaxelis garda).
lit.: S a n i Z e a . , qarTuli gramatikis safuZvlebi, I. morfologia, Tb., 1953 (1973);
imnaiSvili i., saxelTa bruneba da brunvaTa funqciebi Zvel qarTulSi, Tb., 1957;
zurabiSvili T., odnaobiTis formaTa istoriisaTvis qarTvelur enebSi. _ «smam»,
1962, t. 29, #5; k e k e l i a S . , d a v i T i a n i a., qarTuli ena, Tb., 1973; k v a W a Z e l .,
qarTuli ena, naw. 1, Tb., 1981.
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