q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a

adamianTa saxelebs ganmeorebis maRali sixSire axasiaTebs, geografiul saxelebSi
damTxvevas SemTxveviTi xasiaTi aqvs.
sakuTar saxelebSi calke jgufad gamoyofen moculobiT did da semantikurad
mravalferovan leqsikas _ e. w. saxelwodebebs. esenia mxatvruli nawarmoebebis, Jurnal-gazeTebis,
dResaswaulebis, sxvadasxva kulturuli Tu sayofacxovrebo obieqtebis
(Teatrebis, kafe-barebis...), Rvinoebis, seriuli warmoebis saganTa da misT. saxelebi.
saxelwodebad, sakuTar saxelTan erTad, farTod gamoiyeneba sazogado saxelic,
romelic konteqstSi sakuTari saxelis funqcias asrulebs. mag.: leqsi `merani~,
Jurn. `ciskari~, dResaswauli `giorgoba~, sastumro `metexi~, gemi `saqarTvelo~, ludi
`Satili~ da misT. leqsikis es nawili, aRsaniSni obieqtebis msgavsad, swrafad
icvleba da ivseba axal-axali saxelebiT. saxeldeba adamianTa mizanmimarTuli saqmianobis
Sedegia da masSi yovelTvis irekleba saxelmdebi koleqtivis kultura da gemovneba.
k o n k r e t u l i a saxeli, romelic aRniSnavs konkretul sagnebs, faqtebsa da movlenebs.
bunebaSi realurad arsebul saganTa saxelebis (kaci, adamiani, mze, Senoba,
yvavili) garda, aq aramaterialur saganTa saxelebic Semodis (dro, saukune, mizani,
fiqri, dardi). a b s t r a q t u l i saxeli nawarmoebi (motivirebuli) saxelia, aRniSnavs
ganyenebul sagan-cnebebs, ixmareba mxoloobiTi ricxvis formiT (amaoeba, dideba,
WeSmariteba, mSvidoba, sikeTe).
k r e b i T i saxeli leqsikurad (mxoloobiTi ricxvis formiT) gamoxatavs erTgvar
saganTa simravles, krebuls, rogorc erT ganuyofel mTels. pirveladi krebiTi saxelebia:
eri, xalxi, Temi, fara, jogi, rema. nawarmoebi krebiTi saxelebia: glexoba,
Tavadaznauroba, naZvnari, bewveuli, vercxleuli.
n i v T i e r e b a T a saxelebi aRniSnaven erTgvarovan nivTierebebs, romelTa danawileba,
awona da gazomva SeiZleba, calkeul sagnebad warmodgena ki _ ara. nivTiereba-
Ta saxelebs ganekuTvneba metalebis, mineralebis, kvebis produqtebis, sasoflo-sameurneo
kulturebis, sxvadasxva masalebis, qsovilebisa da misT. saxelebi (oqro, graniti,
Rvino, xorbali, xe-tye, farCa).
m o q m e d e b i s saxelebi zmnis fuZisagan nawarmoebi saxelebia, aRniSnaven moqmedebas
an mdgomareobas (xatva, keTeba, dgoma, wola). moqmedebis saxelis mniSvnelobiT
ixmareba agreTve terminebi sawyisi da masdari.
lit.: S a n i Z e a., qarTuli gramatikis safuZvlebi, I, Tb., 1953; k v a W a Z e l ., qar-
Tuli ena, I, Tb., 1981; Русская грамматика, I, М., 1982.
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