q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a

arsebiTi saxeli 1
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viola kalandaZe
arsebiTi saxeli, substantivi, metyvelebis nawili; damoukidebeli mniSvnelobis
mqone sityva, romelic aRniSnavs sagans. gramatikuli niSnebis mixedviT sagnad
iTvleba yvelaferi (materialuri sagnebi Tu aramaterialuri, ganyenebuli sagan-cnebebi
da movlenebi), rasac daesmis kiTxva vin? an ra? (adamiani, dedamiwa, samSoblo,
Tavisufleba). zedsarTav, ricxviT da nacvalsaxelTan erTad arsebiTi saxeli ganekuTvneba
saxelTa klass. xasiaTdeba farTo sityvawarmoebiTi SesaZleblobebiT; icvleba
brunvisa da ricxvis mixedviT; winadadebaSi upiratesad asrulebs qvemdebarisa
da damatebis funqcias; gamoiyeneba agreTve gansazRvrebad, garemoebad da Sedgenili
Semasmenlis saxelad nawilad.
gamoiyofa arsebiTi saxelTa urTierTgadamkveTi leqsikur-gramatikuli jgufebi:
sulierTa da usuloTa, adamianTa da araadamianTa (vin jgufi da
r a jgufi), sakuTari da sazogado, konkretuli da abstraqtuli,
krebiTi, nivTierebaTa da moqmedebisa, romlebic formawarmoebis, sityvawarmoebisa
da sityvaTSexamebadobis TvalsazrisiT sakuTar qvesistemebs qmnian.
s u l i e r T a jgufs ganekuTvneba sulier, sakuTari ZaliT moZrav cocxal arseba-
Ta _ adamianTa da cxovelTa saxelebi: qali, megobari, ciyvi, Tevzi. u s u l o T a
jgufs ganekuTvneba usulo, sakuTari ZaliT gadaadgilebis unars moklebul saganTa
saxelebi: ca, varskvlavi, zRva, mTa. usuloTa jgufSia gaerTianebuli mcenareTa saxelebi:
cacxvi, ia... sulierTa jgufis masTan gaTanabrebul saxelebs Seewyoba hyavs
zmna (Svili, ZaRli, manqana hyavs), usuloTa jgufis da saxelebs _ aqvs zmna (mamulebi
aqvs).
qarTulSi adamianTa, gonier arsebaTa saxelebi gamijnulia sxva cocxal arseba-
Ta saxelebisagan. es ukanasknelni usulo, aragonieri sagnis saxelebTan arian gaTanabrebuli.
a d a m i a n T a ( g o n i e r T a ) jgufSi gaerTianebulia adamianTa, RvTiur
da miTologiur arsebaTa saxelebi. daesmis kiTxva vin? (aqedan _ termini v i n j g u -
fi): RmerTi, angelozi, adamiani, mwyemsi, devi. araadamianTa (aragonierTa) jgufs
ganekuTvneba sxva danarCeni sulieri (cxovelebis, frinvelebis, wylis binadrebis,
qvewarmavlebis, mwerebis) da usulo sagnis saxelebi. daesmis kiTxva ra? (aqedan _
termini r a j g u f i ) : vefxvi, orbi, delfini, mdinare, saxli.
adamianis saxelebs sadaurobis mawarmoeblad upiratesad -el sufiqsi moudis (kaxeli
glexi), araadamianTa saxelebs _ -ur sufiqsi (kaxuri Rvino).
s a k u T a r i saxeli saxels sdebs erT romelime sagans (giorgi, bagrationi, saqarTvelo,
gelaTi). s a z o g a d o saxeli aRniSnavs mraval erTgvar sagans (qalaqi,
qveyana, daTvi, mgeli). sakuTari saxeliT sagnis erTaderTobis xazgasma, misi individualizacia
xdeba, sazogado saxeliT _ erTgvar saganTa ganzogadeba.
sakuTar saxelebSi gamoiyofa Semdegi Tematuri jgufebi: geogr. saxelebi _ toponimebi,
adamianTa (pirTa) saxelebi _ anTroponimebi, RmerTebis saxelebi _ Teonimebi,
xalxTa da tomTa saxelebi _ eTnonimebi, cxovelTa saxelebi _ zoonimebi, ciur sxeulTa
saxelebi _ kosmonimebi da sxv.
sakuTari saxelebi, rogorc sagnobrivi mniSvnelobisagan met-naklebad daclili
sityvebi, enis Cveulebriv ganmartebiT leqsikonSi ar SeaqvT (gamonaklisia mxolod
eTnonimebi). am leqsikis Tavmoyra onomastikur leqsikonebSi xdeba. mas enaTmecnierebis
specialuri dargi onomastika Seiswavlis.
sazogado saxelebTan SedarebiT, sakuTar saxelTa ricxvi gacilebiT mcirea. ma-
Ti formawarmoebiTi da sityvawarmoebiTi SesaZleblobebi SezRudulia. sakuTari saxelebi
leqsikis naklebad cvalebad da naklebad Sevsebad sferos ganekuTvnebian.
1 qarTuli ena, enciklopedia, Tb., 2008.