q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a
q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a
saqmisaTÂis mokÂrne (kimeni, I, 297, 20); m o - s u r - n - e : da movida maTda sasurveli igi kaci RmrTisaÁ mosurneTa maT Tana (xanZT. l. 12) m o - u r - n - e : da uvis vinme kaci... mourne da mzrunveli eqsoriobasa Sina (ekl. 35, 29). (axali qarTulis `kolmeurne ~, `meurneoba~.) mo-wev-n-ul, Se-sa-wev-n-el, pov-n-il, mo-m-pov-n-eb-el, m-din-ar-e, dam-tev-n-el, Se-urev-n-el, da-u-lev-n-el, m-rb-en-el... eb elementi ara gvaqvs Sesabamisi zmnis fuZeSi da warmodgenilia mimReobis Semdeg formebSi: W a m - e b - u l : daukla mas zuaraki igi Wamebuli (l. 15, 30 DE). SinaarsiT `Wamebul~ mimReobis kauzatiuri formaa. -eb kauzativis mawarmoebeli Cans. magram TviT zmna kauzativis maCveneblad -ev-s gamoavlens: a-Wm-ev-s. m - c v a l e b - e l : quyanisa cad Semcvalebelno (xanZT. a. 10) m - T x r - e b - l : da ornive STacÂvian mTxreblsa (mT. 15. 14 C || DE) u - c - e b (Sdr. u-vic): uceb xar Sen mefe sasmenelTagan da saxedvelTagan (kimeni I, 152, 18). rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, mimReobis zemoT CamoTvlil formebSi warmodgenili elementebi amosavali zmnis fuZeSi ar dasturdeba; amitom SeiZleboda es elementebi mimReobis mawarmoebel sufiqsebad migveCnia. magram am varauds garkveuli dabrkolebebi axlavs: jer erTi, mimReobis am formebSi mimReobis mawarmoebeli sxva sufiqsi gvaqvs; meore _ igive elementebi masdaris fuZeSic gamovlindeba xSirad (pov-n-a, cval-eb-a, sur-v-il-i, d-en-a...) amitom es elementebi zmnis fuZis kuTvnileba unda iyos. mimReobebSi maTi adgilis mixedviT isini zmnis Temis niSnis morfologiur ekvivalentad unda davsaxoT. mimReobis es formebi imiT aris saintereso, rom maTi saSualebiT SesaZlebelia aRvadginoT zmnis iseTi formebi, romlebic ara Tu dRes, Zvel qarTulSic ar dasturdeba. mimReobis am formaTa mixedviT aRdgenili zmnebi am saxisa unda yofiliyo: *kudavs, *Ãuravs, *sjavs, *kÂravs, *cnavs, *suravs, *Txrebs, *icebs... safiqrebelia, zmnis es formebi qarTulis romelime dialeqtis kuTvnilebas warmoadgendnen. aRdgenili *sjavs zmnis mixedviT m-saj-ul || mo-saj-ul mimReobis formebSi SeiZleba -ul sufiqsi aRar gamovyoT: m-saj-ul←m-saj-av-il (amosavali iqneboda aRdgenili *sjavs zmna). SesaZlebelia, sxva SemTxvevebSic -ul sufiqsi mimReobis formebSi am gziT iyos miRebuli da ar iyos pirveladi. sa-mk-a-ul, sa-wy-a-ul mimReobis formebi amis SesaZ- leblobas iZleva. gamoricxuli ar aris SesaZlebloba, rom mo-ciq-ul, mo-qad-ul, mo-nan-ul formebSi -ul ar iyos pirveladi. am varauds is garemoebac uWers mxars, rom mimReobaTa oden sufiqsur warmoebaSi -ul momdinareobs -il sufiqsidan. Tu prefiqsul-sufiqsur warmoebaSic -ul sufiqsi ar aris pirveladi, maSin yvela SemTxvevaSi is fonetikur niadagze iqneba miRebuli. Tu es asea, maSin prefiqsTan er- Tad qarTulSi -il sufiqsi gveqneba dadasturebuli mimReobis am formebSi. rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, mimReoba amosavlad zmnis awmyos fuZes iyenebs. awmyos fuZis mawarmoebeli elementebi (Temis niSnebi) mimReobebSi Cveulebriv warmodgenilia: eb: da-m-bad-eb-el, m-RaRad-eb-el, m-gz-eb-el av: m-par-av, m-kl-v-el, mo-baZ-av... am: sa-b-m-el, sa-su-m-el, sa-c-m-el... em: sa-c-em-el, m-c-em-el... ob: m-gm-ob-el, m-pyr-ob-el... of: na-y-of, m-y-of-el 114
ev: sa-kum-ev-el, aR-r-e(v)-ul, rC-e(v)-ul... en: m-rq-en-al, m-kb-en-ar... magram i Temis niSniani zmnebis mimReobebSi ar Cans i elementi: zrd-i-s _ m-zrdel, sa-zrd-el, mk-i-s _ mo-mk-al, sa-mk-al; xrwn-i-s _ m-xrwn-el, sa-xrwn-el, Txr-i-s _ sa-Txr-el, m-Txr-el... sainteresoa, rom im zmnaTa mimReobebi, romelTac i aqvT awmyoSi, i-s nacvlad -n, -av elementebs gamoavlenen: sur-i-s _ mo-sur-n-e || mo-sur-v-e, iurv-i-s || mo-ur-n-e, sj-i-s _ m-Sj-av-r, d-i-s _ m-d-in-ar-e←m-d-en-ar-e... -i sufiqss mimReobaSi zogjer -eb-ic enacvleba: Txr-i-s _ m-Txr-eb-l, cvl-i-s _ m-cval-eb-el, i-c-i-s _ u-c-eb... mimReobis am formaTa mixedviT -n, -av, -eb elementebi i sufiqsis morfologiur monacvled unda miviCnioT. magram kategoriulad mtkiceba imisa, rom i sufiqsi ara gvaqvs mimReobis sawarmoeblad gamoyenebuli zmnis fuZeSi, ar SeiZleba: i iqneb fonetikur niadagze iyos dakarguli mimReobis mawarmoebeli sufiqsis darTvis gamo. am mxriv sagulisxmoa is faqti, rom i Temis niSnian zmnaTa awmyo drois mimReobebSi mimReobis mawarmoebeli sufiqsi yovelTvis aris warmodgenili (m-Txr-el, m-Wr-el, m-yvir-al, m-xrwn-el, m-Tlel, m-qmn-el...) 19 . magram isic SesaZlebelia, rom i sufiqsis warmodgena mimReobis fuZeSi ar iyo aucilebeli. -i sufiqsis funqcia garkveulia specialur literaturaSi. igi istoriulad diuratiuli (gangrZobiTi) aspeqtis maCvenebelia zmnaSi 20 . -i rom ara gvaqvs mimReobis fuZeSi warmodgenili, es imaze xom ar unda miuTiTebdes, rom diuratiuli aspeqtis gamoxatva mimReobaSi aucilebeli ar iyo. amis daSveba TiTqos SesaZlebelia: mimReoba nazmnari zedsarTavi saxelia da zedsarTavis msgavsad raime niSnis mixedviT axasiaTebs sagans. statikuri zmnac (gangrZobiTi aspeqti da statikuroba Sinagan kavSirSia erTmaneTTan. statikuri zmna diuratiuli aspeqtisaa yovelTvis) sagnis mdgomareobas aRniSnavs da es mdgomareoba Tvisebis msgavsad ucvlelia, erTgvarovania. statikuroba da mimReobis Sinaarsi erTgvarad faravs erTmaneTs. amitom statikurobis, diuratiulobis -i sufiqsi SeiZleba arc gvqo- noda mimReobis formebSi. Tu es axsna marTebulia, maSin statikur zmnebs mimReoba ar unda hqondes. mainc aRsaniSnavia, rom statikur zmnaTa did umravlesobas arc dRes ewarmoeba mimReobis formebi. statikuri zmnebisagan mimReobis warmoeba rom ar unda yofiliyo damaxasiaTebeli, amas mimReobis is formebic mowmoben, romlebic zmnis pirian formas warmoadgenen. aRsaniSnavia, rom yvela es forma mimReobisa an statikuri zmnaa an dinamikuri zmna diuratiuli aspeqtiT. `arsi~, `Rirsi~, `xerTvisi~, `miyuar~, `msgavsi~ _ zmnis piriani formebicaa da imave zmnis mimReobebic. mimReobaTa warmoebis Camoyalibebis gza mimReobis warmoebis Seswavla gulisxmobs mimReobis warmoebis Camoyalibebis gzebs, Tuki amis SesaZleblobas masala iZleva. am mxriv qarTulis mimarT risame kategoriulad mtkiceba ar iqneboda swori; magram qarTulis masala iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa monacemebis moSveliebiT garkveuli 19 safiqrebelia, sufiqsis darTvis aucilebloba i-ian zmnaTagan nawarmoeb mimReobebSi imiT aris gamowveuli, rom sufiqsis gareSe mimReoba saxelobiT brunvaSi zmnis pirian formas daemTxveoda; m-yid-i, m-tyorcn-i, m-tkepn-i... amas isic mowmobs, rom i-ian zmnaTagan sa- da na- prefiqsiT nawarmoeb mimReobebSi ar aris aucilebeli sufiqsis warmodgena: sa-cer-i, na-car-i, na-yid-i, sa-t-yorcn-i.., mimReobis es formebi zmnis pirian formas ver daemTxveva da imitom. 20 ix. a r n . C i q o b a v a , ergatiuli konstruqciis problema iberiul-kavkasiur enebSi, I, 1948. 115
- Page 63 and 64: 1. awmyosagan iwarmoeba (`awmdgomis
- Page 65 and 66: gan gansxvavebiT, TurmeobiTi meore,
- Page 67 and 68: axsna mecnierebis mizans warmoadgen
- Page 69 and 70: TulSi gvaqvs (ubrZanebies, dauteveb
- Page 71 and 72: Zveli qarTulis ZeglebSi ar mogvepov
- Page 73 and 74: struqciis ganviTarebis meqanizmi? T
- Page 75 and 76: velSi SeiZleba warmodgenili iyos pi
- Page 77 and 78: viCnioT. sailustraciod SeiZleba pir
- Page 79 and 80: nareobs -en sufiqsisagan, romlic zm
- Page 81 and 82: neboda imis codna, -a enacvleba Cve
- Page 83 and 84: umTavresad e, ufro iSviaTad o/i rig
- Page 85 and 86: gvaqvs prefiqsiani dinamikuri vnebi
- Page 87 and 88: 87 ivane qavTaraZe dro-kiloTa mesam
- Page 89 and 90: Ruawli keTili mogiRuawebies: xanZT.
- Page 91 and 92: moTxr. 278. ukanaskneli valdebuli i
- Page 93 and 94: aq moeyarnaT Tavi alvanel mwyemsebs
- Page 95 and 96: meore TurmeobiTis zemoT moyvanilma
- Page 97 and 98: sis gavrcelebisaken ufroa midrekile
- Page 99 and 100: yvela am tipis zmnaSi? -n marTlac,
- Page 101 and 102: mimReobis warmoeba qarTulSi 1 101 e
- Page 103 and 104: kÂrn-e _ m-i-kÂr-s, mo-cal-e _ i-
- Page 105 and 106: tyuv-an, m-tkiv-an, m-siv-an, m-civ
- Page 107 and 108: me gvqondes qarTuli enis ganviTareb
- Page 109 and 110: drois gamoxatvis sakiTxi mimReobaTa
- Page 111 and 112: adgan mimReobis formebSi istoriulad
- Page 113: `zogs oci kaci hyvanda, zogs ocdaaT
- Page 117 and 118: niSnavda; subieqti _ moqmedebis Sem
- Page 119 and 120: fiqsi unda gvqonoda (sainteresoa, r
- Page 121 and 122: adamianTa saxelebs ganmeorebis maRa
- Page 123 and 124: dasaxelebuli zedsarTavi saxelebi aw
- Page 125 and 126: maT mravlobiTi ricxvi morfologiurad
- Page 127 and 128: cipia gatarebuli _ yvela brunvaSi w
- Page 129 and 130: verc imas vityviT, rom zemomoyvanil
- Page 131 and 132: siwiTle _ abstraqciaa (`wiTlis Tvis
- Page 133 and 134: dabali _ dabla neli _ nela Cqari _
- Page 135 and 136: Tandebuli qarTulSi 1 135 aram marti
- Page 137 and 138: * * * Tandebulia nawilaki, romelic
- Page 139 and 140: saSuali qarTulis zogierT ZeglSi ari
- Page 141 and 142: Ti qarTulSi odesRac garCeuli gramat
- Page 143 and 144: Sina Sedis Sinagan zmnisarTSi: Sina
- Page 145 and 146: saxelsac) e r T a d zmnisarTi mosde
- Page 147 and 148: poves saxlaki erTi C r d i l o ჲ
- Page 149 and 150: ebr Tandebuli aRniSnavs m s g a v s
- Page 151 and 152: saS. qarTulSi g a n Tandebulian sax
- Page 153 and 154: zogierT ZeglSi u r T Tandebuli mcda
- Page 155 and 156: 11. viT sxvebTan erTad h. fogtma aR
- Page 157 and 158: S v i l s Soris mZime siCume (g. we
- Page 159 and 160: dokumentebSi w i l -s zogjer enacvl
- Page 161 and 162: ) udrida garda Tandebuls. win ixmar
- Page 163 and 164: Sorisdebuli axal saliteraturo qarTu
ev: sa-kum-ev-el, aR-r-e(v)-ul, rC-e(v)-ul...<br />
en: m-rq-en-al, m-kb-en-ar...<br />
magram i Temis niSniani zmnebis mimReobebSi ar Cans i elementi: zrd-i-s _ m-zrdel,<br />
sa-zrd-el, mk-i-s _ mo-mk-al, sa-mk-al; xrwn-i-s _ m-xrwn-el, sa-xrwn-el, Txr-i-s _<br />
sa-Txr-el, m-Txr-el...<br />
sainteresoa, rom im zmnaTa mimReobebi, romelTac i aqvT awmyoSi, i-s nacvlad -n,<br />
-av elementebs gamoavlenen: sur-i-s _ mo-sur-n-e || mo-sur-v-e, iurv-i-s || mo-ur-n-e, sj-i-s<br />
_ m-Sj-av-r, d-i-s _ m-d-in-ar-e←m-d-en-ar-e... -i sufiqss mimReobaSi zogjer -eb-ic enacvleba:<br />
Txr-i-s _ m-Txr-eb-l, cvl-i-s _ m-cval-eb-el, i-c-i-s _ u-c-eb...<br />
mimReobis am formaTa mixedviT -n, -av, -eb elementebi i sufiqsis morfologiur<br />
monacvled unda miviCnioT.<br />
magram kategoriulad mtkiceba imisa, rom i sufiqsi ara gvaqvs mimReobis sawarmoeblad<br />
gamoyenebuli zmnis fuZeSi, ar SeiZleba: i iqneb fonetikur niadagze iyos dakarguli<br />
mimReobis mawarmoebeli sufiqsis darTvis gamo. am mxriv sagulisxmoa is<br />
faqti, rom i Temis niSnian zmnaTa awmyo drois mimReobebSi mimReobis mawarmoebeli<br />
sufiqsi yovelTvis aris warmodgenili (m-Txr-el, m-Wr-el, m-yvir-al, m-xrwn-el, m-Tlel,<br />
m-qmn-el...) 19 .<br />
magram isic SesaZlebelia, rom i sufiqsis warmodgena mimReobis fuZeSi ar iyo<br />
aucilebeli.<br />
-i sufiqsis funqcia garkveulia specialur literaturaSi. igi istoriulad diuratiuli<br />
(gangrZobiTi) aspeqtis maCvenebelia zmnaSi 20 .<br />
-i rom ara gvaqvs mimReobis fuZeSi warmodgenili, es imaze xom ar unda miuTiTebdes,<br />
rom diuratiuli aspeqtis gamoxatva mimReobaSi aucilebeli ar iyo. amis daSveba<br />
TiTqos SesaZlebelia: mimReoba nazmnari zedsarTavi saxelia da zedsarTavis<br />
msgavsad raime niSnis mixedviT axasiaTebs sagans. statikuri zmnac (gangrZobiTi aspeqti<br />
da statikuroba Sinagan kavSirSia erTmaneTTan. statikuri zmna diuratiuli<br />
aspeqtisaa yovelTvis) sagnis mdgomareobas aRniSnavs da es mdgomareoba Tvisebis<br />
msgavsad ucvlelia, erTgvarovania. statikuroba da mimReobis Sinaarsi erTgvarad faravs<br />
erTmaneTs. amitom statikurobis, diuratiulobis -i sufiqsi SeiZleba arc gvqo-<br />
noda mimReobis formebSi.<br />
Tu es axsna marTebulia, maSin statikur zmnebs mimReoba ar unda hqondes. mainc<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom statikur zmnaTa did umravlesobas arc dRes ewarmoeba mimReobis<br />
formebi.<br />
statikuri zmnebisagan mimReobis warmoeba rom ar unda yofiliyo damaxasiaTebeli,<br />
amas mimReobis is formebic mowmoben, romlebic zmnis pirian formas warmoadgenen.<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom yvela es forma mimReobisa an statikuri zmnaa an dinamikuri<br />
zmna diuratiuli aspeqtiT. `arsi~, `Rirsi~, `xerTvisi~, `miyuar~, `msgavsi~ _ zmnis piriani<br />
formebicaa da imave zmnis mimReobebic.<br />
mimReobaTa warmoebis Camoyalibebis gza<br />
mimReobis warmoebis Seswavla gulisxmobs mimReobis warmoebis Camoyalibebis<br />
gzebs, Tuki amis SesaZleblobas masala iZleva.<br />
am mxriv qarTulis mimarT risame kategoriulad mtkiceba ar iqneboda swori; magram<br />
qarTulis masala iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa monacemebis moSveliebiT garkveuli<br />
19 safiqrebelia, sufiqsis darTvis aucilebloba i-ian zmnaTagan nawarmoeb mimReobebSi imiT<br />
aris gamowveuli, rom sufiqsis gareSe mimReoba saxelobiT brunvaSi zmnis pirian formas daemTxveoda;<br />
m-yid-i, m-tyorcn-i, m-tkepn-i... amas isic mowmobs, rom i-ian zmnaTagan sa- da na- prefiqsiT<br />
nawarmoeb mimReobebSi ar aris aucilebeli sufiqsis warmodgena: sa-cer-i, na-car-i,<br />
na-yid-i, sa-t-yorcn-i.., mimReobis es formebi zmnis pirian formas ver daemTxveva da imitom.<br />
20 ix. a r n . C i q o b a v a , ergatiuli konstruqciis problema iberiul-kavkasiur enebSi, I, 1948.<br />
115
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