q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a
q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a
uli mimReobis formebi gvaqvs. amitomac mimReobaTa warmoeba im droisad unda miviCnioT, roca zmnis uRvlilebaSi gvaris kategoria ar iyo Camoyalibebuli da zmnebi gardamavloba-gardauvlobis mixedviT iyvnen dapirispirebulni (mTis kavkasiur eneb- Si axlac ar aris Camoyalibebuli gvaris kategoria. zmna gardamavalia, magram ar aris moqmedebiTi gvarisa; iseve, rogorc gardauvali zmna ar aris vnebiTi gvarisa). e. w. vnebiTi gvaris mimReobebi gardamavali zmnisagan aris nawarmoebi da Tavdapirvelad mxolod gardamavali zmnis pirdapir obieqts aRniSnavdnen, xolo gvarTa Camoyalibebis Semdeg vnebiTi gvaris mimReobis sawarmoeblad enam imitom ar gamoiyena vnebiTi gvaris zmnis fuZe, rom gardamavali zmnis sasubieqto mimReobiT vnebiTi gvaris zmnis subieqtis gamoxatvac SeiZleboda (moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnis pirdapiri obieqti vnebiTSi subieqtad gvevlineba da imitom). am mxriv damaxasiaTebelia, rom m- prefiqsiani (e. i. gardamavali zmnis subieqts rom aRniSnavs) mimReoba vnebiTi gvarisa ara gvaqvs. im mcire SemTxvevebSi, roca mimReoba vnebiTi gvaris zmnidan iwarmoeba, mimReobis fuZeSi vnebiTis niSanic aris warmodgenili: ga-m-ty-d-ar, ga-m-sq-d-ar-, mo-Zrav, mozard || mo-zard-ul (zmnis fuZiseul i-s rom o enacvleba mimReobaSi, amis Sesaxeb ukve iyo naTqvami). sainteresoa, rom `gamsqdari~, `gamtydari~ formebi Zvel qarTul- Si ar gvxvdeba. mimReobis es formebi SedarebiT axali warmoebisa Cans. vnebiTi gvaris zmnis mimReobebia agreTve m-frin-d-al (g a d a m f r i n d a l a s ma- Sin qalundauri saniske, b. g. 159, 14), ga-u-frin-d-om (gaRvfrindi g a u f r i n d o m s a jarais wyaros sxvisasa, b. g. 178, 11), a-tir-d-om-il (a t i r d o m i l vin gaacinis, ilia: II, 27). mimReobis am formebSi vnebiTis d mawarmoebeli warmodgenilia. cxadia, mimReobis es formebi zmnis uRvlilebaSi gvaris kategoriis Camoyalibebis Semdegdroindelia. radgan moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnas awmyo drois saobieqto mimReobis formebi ar moepoveba, enas ara aqvs Sesabamisad vnebiTi gvaris zmnis subieqtis gamosaxatavi formac awmyo droisa. magram enaSi xSirad am Sinaarsis gamoxatvaa saWiro da ena amisaTvis sxvadasxva saSualebas mimarTavs: 1. vnebiTi gvaris awmyo drois mimReobis Sinaarss ena zogjer moqmedebiTi gvaris formiTve gadmoscems: Se-m-w-e _ vinc Seawevs da Seeweva mo-m-rev _ vinc urevs da vinc ereva Se-m-bm-el _ vinc abams da vinc Seebmis da-m-sxm-el _ vinc asxams da vinc esxmis 17 ... 2. magram ena cdilobs vnebiTi gvaris awmyo drois mimReobebi moqmedebiTi gvaris sasubieqto mimReobisagan gansxvavebulad awarmoos. Cveulebriv es aris oden me- || mo- prefiqsebiT nawarmoebi formebi mimReobisa: me-Trev-i _ `rac eTreva~, mo-rev-i _ `rac ireva~, me-wv-el-i _ `rac iwveleba~, me-tex-i _ `rac tydeba~, me-ryev-i _ `rac iryeva~, mo-zard-i _ `rac izrdeba~. sainteresoa, rom vnebiTi gvaris mimReobis am formebSi m- prefiqsi gvaqvs warmodgenili. m- prefiqsis gamoyeneba am warmoebaSi imaze miuTiTebs, rom misi funqciaa Sesabamisi zmnis subieqtis aRniSvna da gaxazavs im faqts, rom sa- da na- prefiqsiT nawarmoebi mimReoba moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnis kuTvnilebaa. 3. iSviaTad awmyo drois vnebiTi gvaris Sinaarss gadmoscems moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnis namyo drois saobieqto mimReobac: `kninRa yovelTa araxilulTa da xilulTa.. warmoaCinna~... (ekl. 2,17). `yoveli arsi, sulieri Tu usulo, xiluli Tu uxilavi, erTsadaimave msoflio kanons eqvemdebareba (akaki IV, 9). aq xiluli vnebiTi gvaris zmnis subieqts gamoxatavs: xiluli _ `TvaliT dasanaxi~, `rac ixilveba~. 17 ix. a k . S a n i Z e , qarTuli gramatikis safuZvlebi, 1953, gv. 603, $ 605. 112
`zogs oci kaci hyvanda, zogs ocdaaTi hyvanda cxvris mixedulaTa~ (gudamayruli). mixeduli _ mwyemsi, meTvalyure; mixedulia _ `vinc ixedeba~. 4. vnebiTi gvaris awmyo drois mimReobis Sinaarsis gadmosacemad gamoyenebulia agreTve masdari mimarTulebiT brunvaSi: Wedadi _ `rac iWedeba~, drekadi _ `rac idrikeba~, msxvrevadi _ `rac imsxvreva~... es warmoeba Zvel qarTulSivea sakmaod gavrcelebuli: ganxrwnadi, dacemadi, daWnobadi, daviwyebadi, Wamadi... amgvarad nawarmoebi formebi potencialisis (SesaZleblobis) gagebas Seicaven. mimReobaTa warmoebaSi gvaris sakiTxis garkvevasTan dakavSirebiT erTi kiTxva dgas: ramdenad zustia terminebi `moqmedebiTi gvaris mimReoba~, `vnebiTi gvaris mim- Reoba~, `saSualo gvaris mimReoba~? terminis qveS `vnebiTi gvaris mimReoba~ SeiZleba is igulisxmebodes, rom mimReoba nawarmoebia vnebiTi gvaris zmnidan (es termini aseTi gagebis SesaZleblobas uTuod iZleva). amitom aq ara marto terminis sakiTxi dgas, aramed mas arsebiTi mniSvneloba eniWeba. radgan vnebiTi gvaris zmnidan mimReoba ar iwarmoeba, xolo saSualo gvaris Sesaxeb specialur literaturaSi garkveuli azri arsebobs (kerZod, uaryofilia am gvaris calke gamoyofa) da, maSasadame, saSualo gvaris mimReobazedac ver vilaparakebT, amitom sruliad gamarTlebuli iqneba, Tu am terminebis nacvlad gamoviyenebT q. lomTaTiZis mier xmarebul terminebs `subieqturi mimReoba~, `obieqturi mimReoba~ 18 . es mizanSewonili iqneba, Tundac mxolod termins Seexebodes sakiTxi. warmoebis mixedviT SesaZlebelia ufro zusti iyos terminebi: `sasubieqto mimReoba~, `saobieqto mimReoba~; e. i. subieqtisaTvis gankuTvnili da obieqtisaTvis gankuTvnili mimReoba. mimReobis fuZeTa analizi mimReobis sawarmoeblad gamoyenebuli zmnis fuZeTa analizi, garda imisa, rom mimReobaSi zmnis gramatikuli kategoriebis gamoxatvis sakiTxs arkvevs, sxva mxrivac aris saintereso. kerZod, zogi mimReobis fuZeTa analizma, SesaZlebelia, garkveuli zmnebis fuZeTa agebulebas Suqi mohfinos. mimReoba Cveulebriv sawarmoeblad iyenebs Sesabamisi zmnis awmyos fuZes; magram garkveul SemTxvevebSi mimReobis formebSi iseTi elementebia warmodgenili, romlebic arc mimReobis mawarmoeblad miiCneva da arc amosavali zmnis fuZeSi dasturdeba. es ucnobi elementebia ZiriTadad -n, -v, -eb. asaxsnelia am elementTa funqcia da daniSnuleba. faqtobriv am sakiTxis garkveva zmnis fuZis analizis saqmea da mimReobaTa warmoebas ar Seexeba, magram vinaidan es elementebi mimReobis formebSi gamovlindeba (xSirad masdarSic) da zmnis pirian formebSi ar gvxvdeba, amitom es sakiTxi mimReobaTa warmoebis ganxilvis drosac dgeba. -v elementi (←av) warmodgenilia mimReobis Semdeg formebSi da ara gvaqvs Sesabamisi zmnis fuZeSi: m o - k u d a v (kudeb-i-s), m - S j - a v - r (Sj-i-s), m - x u r - v - a l - e (xurs), sa-kÂrv-el (u-kÂr-s), m o-sur-v-e, sa-su-rv-el (sur-i-s), war-ZRuan-vil (war-u-ZRuan-ebs). -av elementi unda aRvadginoT mimReobis Semdeg formebSi: sa-mk-a-ul← sa-mkav-il, sa-sw-a-ul← sa-sw-av-il, Se-mk-ul← Se-mk-av-il, sa-wy-a-ul← sa-wy-av-il, sa-cn-a-ur← sa-cn-av-ur, u-cn-a-ur← u-cn-av-ur. -n elementi mimReobis Semdeg formebSi gvxvdeba: m - t k i v n - e : dedakaci vinme Zu- ZuÁTa mtkivne evedreboda w˜dsa mas (kimeni, I, 291, 8); m o - k  r - n - e : da viyav raÁ amis 18 q . l o m T a T i Z e , T b e b a tipis zmnis istoriisaTvis qarTulSi, iberiul-kavkasiuri enaTmecniereba, t. IV, 1953. 113
- Page 61 and 62: saTvis. asea sil. xundaZesTan, ias.
- Page 63 and 64: 1. awmyosagan iwarmoeba (`awmdgomis
- Page 65 and 66: gan gansxvavebiT, TurmeobiTi meore,
- Page 67 and 68: axsna mecnierebis mizans warmoadgen
- Page 69 and 70: TulSi gvaqvs (ubrZanebies, dauteveb
- Page 71 and 72: Zveli qarTulis ZeglebSi ar mogvepov
- Page 73 and 74: struqciis ganviTarebis meqanizmi? T
- Page 75 and 76: velSi SeiZleba warmodgenili iyos pi
- Page 77 and 78: viCnioT. sailustraciod SeiZleba pir
- Page 79 and 80: nareobs -en sufiqsisagan, romlic zm
- Page 81 and 82: neboda imis codna, -a enacvleba Cve
- Page 83 and 84: umTavresad e, ufro iSviaTad o/i rig
- Page 85 and 86: gvaqvs prefiqsiani dinamikuri vnebi
- Page 87 and 88: 87 ivane qavTaraZe dro-kiloTa mesam
- Page 89 and 90: Ruawli keTili mogiRuawebies: xanZT.
- Page 91 and 92: moTxr. 278. ukanaskneli valdebuli i
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- Page 95 and 96: meore TurmeobiTis zemoT moyvanilma
- Page 97 and 98: sis gavrcelebisaken ufroa midrekile
- Page 99 and 100: yvela am tipis zmnaSi? -n marTlac,
- Page 101 and 102: mimReobis warmoeba qarTulSi 1 101 e
- Page 103 and 104: kÂrn-e _ m-i-kÂr-s, mo-cal-e _ i-
- Page 105 and 106: tyuv-an, m-tkiv-an, m-siv-an, m-civ
- Page 107 and 108: me gvqondes qarTuli enis ganviTareb
- Page 109 and 110: drois gamoxatvis sakiTxi mimReobaTa
- Page 111: adgan mimReobis formebSi istoriulad
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- Page 121 and 122: adamianTa saxelebs ganmeorebis maRa
- Page 123 and 124: dasaxelebuli zedsarTavi saxelebi aw
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- Page 127 and 128: cipia gatarebuli _ yvela brunvaSi w
- Page 129 and 130: verc imas vityviT, rom zemomoyvanil
- Page 131 and 132: siwiTle _ abstraqciaa (`wiTlis Tvis
- Page 133 and 134: dabali _ dabla neli _ nela Cqari _
- Page 135 and 136: Tandebuli qarTulSi 1 135 aram marti
- Page 137 and 138: * * * Tandebulia nawilaki, romelic
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`zogs oci kaci hyvanda, zogs ocdaaTi hyvanda cxvris mixedulaTa~ (gudamayruli).<br />
mixeduli _ mwyemsi, meTvalyure; mixedulia _ `vinc ixedeba~.<br />
4. vnebiTi gvaris awmyo drois mimReobis Sinaarsis gadmosacemad gamoyenebulia<br />
agreTve masdari mimarTulebiT brunvaSi: Wedadi _ `rac iWedeba~, drekadi _ `rac idrikeba~,<br />
msxvrevadi _ `rac imsxvreva~...<br />
es warmoeba Zvel qarTulSivea sakmaod gavrcelebuli: ganxrwnadi, dacemadi, daWnobadi,<br />
daviwyebadi, Wamadi...<br />
amgvarad nawarmoebi formebi potencialisis (SesaZleblobis) gagebas Seicaven.<br />
mimReobaTa warmoebaSi gvaris sakiTxis garkvevasTan dakavSirebiT erTi kiTxva<br />
dgas: ramdenad zustia terminebi `moqmedebiTi gvaris mimReoba~, `vnebiTi gvaris mim-<br />
Reoba~, `saSualo gvaris mimReoba~?<br />
terminis qveS `vnebiTi gvaris mimReoba~ SeiZleba is igulisxmebodes, rom mimReoba<br />
nawarmoebia vnebiTi gvaris zmnidan (es termini aseTi gagebis SesaZleblobas uTuod<br />
iZleva). amitom aq ara marto terminis sakiTxi dgas, aramed mas arsebiTi mniSvneloba<br />
eniWeba.<br />
radgan vnebiTi gvaris zmnidan mimReoba ar iwarmoeba, xolo saSualo gvaris Sesaxeb<br />
specialur literaturaSi garkveuli azri arsebobs (kerZod, uaryofilia am<br />
gvaris calke gamoyofa) da, maSasadame, saSualo gvaris mimReobazedac ver vilaparakebT,<br />
amitom sruliad gamarTlebuli iqneba, Tu am terminebis nacvlad gamoviyenebT<br />
q. lomTaTiZis mier xmarebul terminebs `subieqturi mimReoba~, `obieqturi mimReoba~<br />
18 . es mizanSewonili iqneba, Tundac mxolod termins Seexebodes sakiTxi.<br />
warmoebis mixedviT SesaZlebelia ufro zusti iyos terminebi: `sasubieqto mimReoba~,<br />
`saobieqto mimReoba~; e. i. subieqtisaTvis gankuTvnili da obieqtisaTvis gankuTvnili<br />
mimReoba.<br />
mimReobis fuZeTa analizi<br />
mimReobis sawarmoeblad gamoyenebuli zmnis fuZeTa analizi, garda imisa, rom<br />
mimReobaSi zmnis gramatikuli kategoriebis gamoxatvis sakiTxs arkvevs, sxva mxrivac<br />
aris saintereso. kerZod, zogi mimReobis fuZeTa analizma, SesaZlebelia, garkveuli<br />
zmnebis fuZeTa agebulebas Suqi mohfinos.<br />
mimReoba Cveulebriv sawarmoeblad iyenebs Sesabamisi zmnis awmyos fuZes; magram<br />
garkveul SemTxvevebSi mimReobis formebSi iseTi elementebia warmodgenili, romlebic<br />
arc mimReobis mawarmoeblad miiCneva da arc amosavali zmnis fuZeSi dasturdeba.<br />
es ucnobi elementebia ZiriTadad -n, -v, -eb. asaxsnelia am elementTa funqcia da<br />
daniSnuleba.<br />
faqtobriv am sakiTxis garkveva zmnis fuZis analizis saqmea da mimReobaTa warmoebas<br />
ar Seexeba, magram vinaidan es elementebi mimReobis formebSi gamovlindeba<br />
(xSirad masdarSic) da zmnis pirian formebSi ar gvxvdeba, amitom es sakiTxi mimReobaTa<br />
warmoebis ganxilvis drosac dgeba.<br />
-v elementi (←av) warmodgenilia mimReobis Semdeg formebSi da ara gvaqvs Sesabamisi<br />
zmnis fuZeSi: m o - k u d a v (kudeb-i-s), m - S j - a v - r (Sj-i-s), m - x u r - v - a l - e (xurs),<br />
sa-kÂrv-el (u-kÂr-s), m o-sur-v-e, sa-su-rv-el (sur-i-s), war-ZRuan-vil<br />
(war-u-ZRuan-ebs).<br />
-av elementi unda aRvadginoT mimReobis Semdeg formebSi: sa-mk-a-ul← sa-mkav-il,<br />
sa-sw-a-ul← sa-sw-av-il, Se-mk-ul← Se-mk-av-il, sa-wy-a-ul←<br />
sa-wy-av-il, sa-cn-a-ur← sa-cn-av-ur, u-cn-a-ur← u-cn-av-ur.<br />
-n elementi mimReobis Semdeg formebSi gvxvdeba: m - t k i v n - e : dedakaci vinme Zu-<br />
ZuÁTa mtkivne evedreboda w˜dsa mas (kimeni, I, 291, 8); m o - k  r - n - e : da viyav raÁ amis<br />
18 q . l o m T a T i Z e , T b e b a tipis zmnis istoriisaTvis qarTulSi, iberiul-kavkasiuri enaTmecniereba,<br />
t. IV, 1953.<br />
113
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