q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a

uli mimReobis formebi gvaqvs. amitomac mimReobaTa warmoeba im droisad unda miviCnioT,
roca zmnis uRvlilebaSi gvaris kategoria ar iyo Camoyalibebuli da zmnebi
gardamavloba-gardauvlobis mixedviT iyvnen dapirispirebulni (mTis kavkasiur eneb-
Si axlac ar aris Camoyalibebuli gvaris kategoria. zmna gardamavalia, magram ar
aris moqmedebiTi gvarisa; iseve, rogorc gardauvali zmna ar aris vnebiTi gvarisa).
e. w. vnebiTi gvaris mimReobebi gardamavali zmnisagan aris nawarmoebi da Tavdapirvelad
mxolod gardamavali zmnis pirdapir obieqts aRniSnavdnen, xolo gvarTa
Camoyalibebis Semdeg vnebiTi gvaris mimReobis sawarmoeblad enam imitom ar gamoiyena
vnebiTi gvaris zmnis fuZe, rom gardamavali zmnis sasubieqto mimReobiT vnebiTi
gvaris zmnis subieqtis gamoxatvac SeiZleboda (moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnis pirdapiri
obieqti vnebiTSi subieqtad gvevlineba da imitom). am mxriv damaxasiaTebelia, rom m-
prefiqsiani (e. i. gardamavali zmnis subieqts rom aRniSnavs) mimReoba vnebiTi gvarisa
ara gvaqvs.
im mcire SemTxvevebSi, roca mimReoba vnebiTi gvaris zmnidan iwarmoeba, mimReobis
fuZeSi vnebiTis niSanic aris warmodgenili: ga-m-ty-d-ar, ga-m-sq-d-ar-, mo-Zrav, mozard
|| mo-zard-ul (zmnis fuZiseul i-s rom o enacvleba mimReobaSi, amis Sesaxeb
ukve iyo naTqvami). sainteresoa, rom `gamsqdari~, `gamtydari~ formebi Zvel qarTul-
Si ar gvxvdeba. mimReobis es formebi SedarebiT axali warmoebisa Cans.
vnebiTi gvaris zmnis mimReobebia agreTve m-frin-d-al (g a d a m f r i n d a l a s ma-
Sin qalundauri saniske, b. g. 159, 14), ga-u-frin-d-om (gaRvfrindi g a u f r i n d o m s a
jarais wyaros sxvisasa, b. g. 178, 11), a-tir-d-om-il (a t i r d o m i l vin gaacinis, ilia:
II, 27). mimReobis am formebSi vnebiTis d mawarmoebeli warmodgenilia.
cxadia, mimReobis es formebi zmnis uRvlilebaSi gvaris kategoriis Camoyalibebis
Semdegdroindelia.
radgan moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnas awmyo drois saobieqto mimReobis formebi ar
moepoveba, enas ara aqvs Sesabamisad vnebiTi gvaris zmnis subieqtis gamosaxatavi
formac awmyo droisa. magram enaSi xSirad am Sinaarsis gamoxatvaa saWiro da ena
amisaTvis sxvadasxva saSualebas mimarTavs:
1. vnebiTi gvaris awmyo drois mimReobis Sinaarss ena zogjer moqmedebiTi gvaris
formiTve gadmoscems:
Se-m-w-e _ vinc Seawevs da Seeweva
mo-m-rev _ vinc urevs da vinc ereva
Se-m-bm-el _ vinc abams da vinc Seebmis
da-m-sxm-el _ vinc asxams da vinc esxmis 17 ...
2. magram ena cdilobs vnebiTi gvaris awmyo drois mimReobebi moqmedebiTi gvaris
sasubieqto mimReobisagan gansxvavebulad awarmoos. Cveulebriv es aris oden me- || mo-
prefiqsebiT nawarmoebi formebi mimReobisa: me-Trev-i _ `rac eTreva~, mo-rev-i _ `rac
ireva~, me-wv-el-i _ `rac iwveleba~, me-tex-i _ `rac tydeba~, me-ryev-i _ `rac iryeva~,
mo-zard-i _ `rac izrdeba~.
sainteresoa, rom vnebiTi gvaris mimReobis am formebSi m- prefiqsi gvaqvs warmodgenili.
m- prefiqsis gamoyeneba am warmoebaSi imaze miuTiTebs, rom misi funqciaa Sesabamisi
zmnis subieqtis aRniSvna da gaxazavs im faqts, rom sa- da na- prefiqsiT nawarmoebi
mimReoba moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnis kuTvnilebaa.
3. iSviaTad awmyo drois vnebiTi gvaris Sinaarss gadmoscems moqmedebiTi gvaris
zmnis namyo drois saobieqto mimReobac:
`kninRa yovelTa araxilulTa da xilulTa.. warmoaCinna~... (ekl. 2,17).
`yoveli arsi, sulieri Tu usulo, xiluli Tu uxilavi, erTsadaimave msoflio
kanons eqvemdebareba (akaki IV, 9). aq xiluli vnebiTi gvaris zmnis subieqts gamoxatavs:
xiluli _ `TvaliT dasanaxi~, `rac ixilveba~.
17 ix. a k . S a n i Z e , qarTuli gramatikis safuZvlebi, 1953, gv. 603, $ 605.
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