q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a
q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a
marTavs: namyo drois saobieqto mimReobis win daismis amosavali zmnis pirdapiri obieqti da es rTuli fuZe mTlianad moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnis subieqts gamoxatavs: xmalamowvdili, pirdaRebuli, cxviraweuli... es warmoeba Zvel qarTulSivea farTod gavrcelebuli: naTelRebuli, Tmagardatevebuli, bunebaSecvalebuli, pirdayofili... principi am warmoebisa damaxasiaTebelia iberiul-kavkasiuri enebisaTvis. amitomac warmoebis es tipi ar SeiZleba Zveli ar iyos 12 . am warmoebaSi gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs pirdapiri obieqtis adgils. Tu is win uZRvis mimReobis formas, mTlianad mimReoba sasubieqtoa: xmalamowvdili _ `vinc xmali amoiwvada~. kompozitSi monawile forma mimReobisa calke aRebuli ki saobieqtoa _ amowvdili xmali. arsebiTad aseTsave warmoebasTan gvaqvs saqme `nacarqeqias~ tipis mimReobebSic. saxeladi nawili kompozitisa aqac Sesabamisi zmnis pirdapir obieqts warmoadgens. mimReobis es tipi axal qarTulSia (zepirmetyvelebaSi, zRaprebSi) gavrcelebuli: nacarqeqia, kaciWamia, doylapia, xatiparia, Citirekia, nemsiylapia, gudabertyia... am tipis mimReobebSi zmnuri nawili brZanebiTis formiT aris warmodgenili: nacarqeqia←nacarqeqe-a, _ nemsi-ylapia←nemsiylape-a. e daviwroebulia a sufiqsis dar- Tvis gamo. megrulSi i. yifSiZes dadasturebuli aqvs kompozit mimReobaTa iseTi warmoeba, roca saxeladi nawili Sesabamisi zmnis pirdapir obieqts warmoadgens, xolo meore nawili zmnis brZanebiTi kilos formas meore pirisa: uSquri-korobi _ `vaSlis Semkrebi` [vaSli-krife], Caka-zidi _ `kalaTis mzidavi~ [kalaTi-zide] 13 ... rom `nacarqeqias~ tipis mimReobaSi sufiqsiseuli i←e da TviT mimReoba zmnis brZanebiTi kilos formaa, amas isic mowmobs, rom am tipis warmoebaSi mxolod is zmnebi monawileoben, romlebic brZanebiTSi e-s gamoavlenen: ylape, bertye, Wame, reke... (da ara gvaqvs kaci-klia, SeSi-Wria, da a. S. formebi). radgan zmnuri nawili kompozitis am formebSi zmnis piriani formaa, saxeladi nawilis i sufiqsi ar SeiZleba naTesaobiTi brunvis niSniseuli iyos. -a sufiqsi am warmoebaSi masubstantivebeli elementi Cans. mimReoba iwarmoeba agreTve ugvaro dinamikuri zmnebidan (e. w. uniSno vnebiTi gvaris zmnebidan). am tipis zmnebs mxolod namyo drois mimReoba aqvs: gamTbari, gamSrali, gamxmari, mkvdari, maSvrali... awmyo da myofadi drois mimReobis formebi dinamikur ugvaro zmnebs ara aqvs. roca es Sinaarsia gamosaxatavi, ena sawarmoeblad iyenebs ara zmnis fuZes, aramed masdarisas da saTanado afiqsTa darTviT awarmoebs awmyos (m- prefiqsiT) da myofadis (sa- prefiqsiT) mimReobebs: m-Zrom-el _ `vinc Zvreba~, m-Srom-el _ `vinc Sureba~, sa-cxrom-el _ `rac dacxreba~, sa-STom-el _ `rac daSTeba~ 14 ... mimReobis formebi statikur zmnebsac aqvT (aq Sedis e. w. saSualo gvaris zmnebic). erTpirian statikur zmnebs mxolod sasubieqto mimReobis formebi aqvT m- prefiqsiT nawarmoebi. inversiul statikur zmnebs ki mimReobis or-ori forma aqvT: moyuar-e da sa-yuar-el, mo-Zul-e da sa-Zul-el, mo-kÂrvn-e da sa-kÂrv-el, mo-Tn-e da sa- Tn-o... m- da sa- prefiqsiani formebi drois mixedviT ar arian dapirispirebuli. amgvarad, qarTulSi mimReoba iwarmoeba moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnebidan, ugvaro dinamikuri zmnebidan da ugvaro statikuri zmnebidan. amasTan TiToeul maTgans ar axasiaTebs mimReobis warmoebis mxolod erTi garkveuli tipi. m_ar warmoeba mimReobisa, magaliTad, damaxasiaTebelia ara marto dinamikuri ugvaro zmnebisaTvis, aramed amave prefiqs-sufiqsiT awarmoebs mimReobas moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnebica da statikuri zmnebic. 12 a r n . C i q o b a v a , qarTuli enis zogadi daxasiaTeba, qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, t. I, gv. 77, $ 45, SeniSvna. 13 И. Кипшидзе, Грамматика мингрелъского (иверского) языка c х рестоматиею и словарем, СПБ, 1913, gv. 131, § 129. 14 amosavali fuZe masdariseulad miviCnieT imis gamo, rom -om, -ol sufiqsebi mxolod masdarSi gvxvdeba. 108
drois gamoxatvis sakiTxi mimReobaTa warmoebaSi dro zmnis gramatikuli kategoriaa, magram mimReobac, rogorc nazmnari zedsar- Tavi saxeli, drois mixedviT aris gansazRvruli. qarTulSi sami drois mimReoba gvaqvs: awmyo, namyo da myofadi droisa. drois gamoxatvis momentiTaa, rom mimReoba saxelisagan nawarmoeb saxels upirispirdeba. im enebSi, sadac mimReoba drois mixedviT aris gansazRvruli, drois gamoxatva ekisreba mimReobis sawarmoeblad aRebul zmnur fuZes (magaliTad xunZurSi) an mim- Reobis mawarmoebel afiqss (magaliTad, udurSi). ra viTarebaa qarTulSi? gamoixateba Tu ara mimReobaTa warmoebaSi dro gramatikulad da drouli gageba zmnur fuZesTan aris dakavSirebuli Tu ara? sxvanairad rom vTqvaT: namyos mimReoba zmnis namyos fuZeze aris damyarebuli da Sesabamisad awmyos mimReoba Tu iyenebs amosavlad zmnis awmyos fuZes? 15 mimReobis fuZeTa analizi cxadyofs, rom sawarmoeblad gamoyenebuli zmnis fuZe ar iZleva droul gansxvavebas. mimReobaTa absoluturi umravlesoba (awmyo da namyo droisac) sawarmoeblad iyenebs zmnis awmyos fuZes: m-yof-el _ na-yof, yo-f-il _ sa-yof-el m-Sob-el _ na-Sob, So-b-il _ sa-Sob-el m-taceb-el _ na-taceb m-cem-el _ cem-ul _ sa-cem-el m-cum-el _ cum-ul m-cxeb-el _ cxeb-ul m-Reb-el _ Reb-ul da-m-badeb-el _ da-badeb-ul ma-uwyeb-el _ uwyeb-ul ma-gineb-el _ gineb-ul ma-qeb-el _ qeb-ul _ sa-qeb-el m-qadageb-el _ qadageb-ul ma-Seneb-el _ Seneb-ul _ sa-Seneb-el ma-SfoTeb-el _ aR-SfoTeb-ul ma-xareb-el _ xareb-ul m-pyrob-el _ pyrob-il _ sa-pyrob-el ma-vneb-el _ vneb-ul _ sa-vneb-el... arafers gveubneba sawarmoebeli fuZe erTemian zmnaTa mimReobebSi imis gamo, rom am zmnebs saerTo fuZe aqvs awmyosa da aoristSi. (m-wer-el _ wer-il, m-Wam-el _ Wam-ul, m-Txov-el _ Txov-il...) erTi SexedviT TiTqos sawarmoebeli fuZis mixedviT arian dapirispirebuli -av Temis niSnian zmnaTagan nawarmoebi mimReobebi: m-xil-v-el da xil-ul, m-tanj-v-el da tanj-ul, m-klv-el da (mo)-kl-ul, m-far-v-el da far-ul... magram am SemTxvevebSic zmnis awmyos fuZea amosavali namyos mimReobisaTvis: xil-ul←xil-v-il, tanj-ul- ←tanj-v-il, mo-klv-ul←mo-klv-il, far-ul←far-v-il... mimReobis fuZeTa analiziT irkveva, rom mimReobis sawarmoeblad gamoyenebul zmnis fuZesTan ar aris dakavSirebuli drois aRniSvna mimReobaSi. arc mimReobis mawarmoebeli sufiqsebi miuTiTeben droze: mimReobis mawarmoebeli TiToeuli sufiqsi sxvadasxva drois mimReobebSi gvxvdeba. amJamad da Zvel qarTulSic drois gamoxatva mimReobaSi prefiqsebTan aris dakav- Sirebuli: m- awmyos mimReobas awarmoebs, sa- myofadisas, na || ne namyo drois mimReo- 15 myofadi drois gamoxatvis sakiTxi amosavali zmnis fuZis mixedviT ixsneba imis gamo, rom myofadi drois gamosaxatavi sakuTari nakvTi Zvel qarTulSi ar arsebobda. 109
- Page 57 and 58: g. orpiriani vnebiTi gvaris zmnebis
- Page 59 and 60: zog SemTxvevaSi gamoCndeba), magram
- Page 61 and 62: saTvis. asea sil. xundaZesTan, ias.
- Page 63 and 64: 1. awmyosagan iwarmoeba (`awmdgomis
- Page 65 and 66: gan gansxvavebiT, TurmeobiTi meore,
- Page 67 and 68: axsna mecnierebis mizans warmoadgen
- Page 69 and 70: TulSi gvaqvs (ubrZanebies, dauteveb
- Page 71 and 72: Zveli qarTulis ZeglebSi ar mogvepov
- Page 73 and 74: struqciis ganviTarebis meqanizmi? T
- Page 75 and 76: velSi SeiZleba warmodgenili iyos pi
- Page 77 and 78: viCnioT. sailustraciod SeiZleba pir
- Page 79 and 80: nareobs -en sufiqsisagan, romlic zm
- Page 81 and 82: neboda imis codna, -a enacvleba Cve
- Page 83 and 84: umTavresad e, ufro iSviaTad o/i rig
- Page 85 and 86: gvaqvs prefiqsiani dinamikuri vnebi
- Page 87 and 88: 87 ivane qavTaraZe dro-kiloTa mesam
- Page 89 and 90: Ruawli keTili mogiRuawebies: xanZT.
- Page 91 and 92: moTxr. 278. ukanaskneli valdebuli i
- Page 93 and 94: aq moeyarnaT Tavi alvanel mwyemsebs
- Page 95 and 96: meore TurmeobiTis zemoT moyvanilma
- Page 97 and 98: sis gavrcelebisaken ufroa midrekile
- Page 99 and 100: yvela am tipis zmnaSi? -n marTlac,
- Page 101 and 102: mimReobis warmoeba qarTulSi 1 101 e
- Page 103 and 104: kÂrn-e _ m-i-kÂr-s, mo-cal-e _ i-
- Page 105 and 106: tyuv-an, m-tkiv-an, m-siv-an, m-civ
- Page 107: me gvqondes qarTuli enis ganviTareb
- Page 111 and 112: adgan mimReobis formebSi istoriulad
- Page 113 and 114: `zogs oci kaci hyvanda, zogs ocdaaT
- Page 115 and 116: ev: sa-kum-ev-el, aR-r-e(v)-ul, rC-
- Page 117 and 118: niSnavda; subieqti _ moqmedebis Sem
- Page 119 and 120: fiqsi unda gvqonoda (sainteresoa, r
- Page 121 and 122: adamianTa saxelebs ganmeorebis maRa
- Page 123 and 124: dasaxelebuli zedsarTavi saxelebi aw
- Page 125 and 126: maT mravlobiTi ricxvi morfologiurad
- Page 127 and 128: cipia gatarebuli _ yvela brunvaSi w
- Page 129 and 130: verc imas vityviT, rom zemomoyvanil
- Page 131 and 132: siwiTle _ abstraqciaa (`wiTlis Tvis
- Page 133 and 134: dabali _ dabla neli _ nela Cqari _
- Page 135 and 136: Tandebuli qarTulSi 1 135 aram marti
- Page 137 and 138: * * * Tandebulia nawilaki, romelic
- Page 139 and 140: saSuali qarTulis zogierT ZeglSi ari
- Page 141 and 142: Ti qarTulSi odesRac garCeuli gramat
- Page 143 and 144: Sina Sedis Sinagan zmnisarTSi: Sina
- Page 145 and 146: saxelsac) e r T a d zmnisarTi mosde
- Page 147 and 148: poves saxlaki erTi C r d i l o ჲ
- Page 149 and 150: ebr Tandebuli aRniSnavs m s g a v s
- Page 151 and 152: saS. qarTulSi g a n Tandebulian sax
- Page 153 and 154: zogierT ZeglSi u r T Tandebuli mcda
- Page 155 and 156: 11. viT sxvebTan erTad h. fogtma aR
- Page 157 and 158: S v i l s Soris mZime siCume (g. we
marTavs: namyo drois saobieqto mimReobis win daismis amosavali zmnis pirdapiri<br />
obieqti da es rTuli fuZe mTlianad moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnis subieqts gamoxatavs:<br />
xmalamowvdili, pirdaRebuli, cxviraweuli... es warmoeba Zvel qarTulSivea farTod<br />
gavrcelebuli: naTelRebuli, Tmagardatevebuli, bunebaSecvalebuli, pirdayofili...<br />
principi am warmoebisa damaxasiaTebelia iberiul-kavkasiuri enebisaTvis. amitomac<br />
warmoebis es tipi ar SeiZleba Zveli ar iyos 12 .<br />
am warmoebaSi gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs pirdapiri obieqtis adgils. Tu is<br />
win uZRvis mimReobis formas, mTlianad mimReoba sasubieqtoa: xmalamowvdili _<br />
`vinc xmali amoiwvada~. kompozitSi monawile forma mimReobisa calke aRebuli ki saobieqtoa<br />
_ amowvdili xmali.<br />
arsebiTad aseTsave warmoebasTan gvaqvs saqme `nacarqeqias~ tipis mimReobebSic.<br />
saxeladi nawili kompozitisa aqac Sesabamisi zmnis pirdapir obieqts warmoadgens.<br />
mimReobis es tipi axal qarTulSia (zepirmetyvelebaSi, zRaprebSi) gavrcelebuli: nacarqeqia,<br />
kaciWamia, doylapia, xatiparia, Citirekia, nemsiylapia, gudabertyia...<br />
am tipis mimReobebSi zmnuri nawili brZanebiTis formiT aris warmodgenili: nacarqeqia←nacarqeqe-a,<br />
_ nemsi-ylapia←nemsiylape-a. e daviwroebulia a sufiqsis dar-<br />
Tvis gamo. megrulSi i. yifSiZes dadasturebuli aqvs kompozit mimReobaTa iseTi<br />
warmoeba, roca saxeladi nawili Sesabamisi zmnis pirdapir obieqts warmoadgens, xolo<br />
meore nawili zmnis brZanebiTi kilos formas meore pirisa: uSquri-korobi _<br />
`vaSlis Semkrebi` [vaSli-krife], Caka-zidi _ `kalaTis mzidavi~ [kalaTi-zide] 13 ...<br />
rom `nacarqeqias~ tipis mimReobaSi sufiqsiseuli i←e da TviT mimReoba zmnis<br />
brZanebiTi kilos formaa, amas isic mowmobs, rom am tipis warmoebaSi mxolod is<br />
zmnebi monawileoben, romlebic brZanebiTSi e-s gamoavlenen: ylape, bertye, Wame, reke...<br />
(da ara gvaqvs kaci-klia, SeSi-Wria, da a. S. formebi). radgan zmnuri nawili kompozitis<br />
am formebSi zmnis piriani formaa, saxeladi nawilis i sufiqsi ar SeiZleba<br />
naTesaobiTi brunvis niSniseuli iyos.<br />
-a sufiqsi am warmoebaSi masubstantivebeli elementi Cans.<br />
mimReoba iwarmoeba agreTve ugvaro dinamikuri zmnebidan (e. w. uniSno vnebiTi gvaris<br />
zmnebidan). am tipis zmnebs mxolod namyo drois mimReoba aqvs: gamTbari, gamSrali, gamxmari,<br />
mkvdari, maSvrali... awmyo da myofadi drois mimReobis formebi dinamikur ugvaro<br />
zmnebs ara aqvs. roca es Sinaarsia gamosaxatavi, ena sawarmoeblad iyenebs ara zmnis<br />
fuZes, aramed masdarisas da saTanado afiqsTa darTviT awarmoebs awmyos (m- prefiqsiT)<br />
da myofadis (sa- prefiqsiT) mimReobebs: m-Zrom-el _ `vinc Zvreba~, m-Srom-el _<br />
`vinc Sureba~, sa-cxrom-el _ `rac dacxreba~, sa-STom-el _ `rac daSTeba~ 14 ...<br />
mimReobis formebi statikur zmnebsac aqvT (aq Sedis e. w. saSualo gvaris zmnebic).<br />
erTpirian statikur zmnebs mxolod sasubieqto mimReobis formebi aqvT m- prefiqsiT<br />
nawarmoebi. inversiul statikur zmnebs ki mimReobis or-ori forma aqvT: moyuar-e<br />
da sa-yuar-el, mo-Zul-e da sa-Zul-el, mo-kÂrvn-e da sa-kÂrv-el, mo-Tn-e da sa-<br />
Tn-o... m- da sa- prefiqsiani formebi drois mixedviT ar arian dapirispirebuli.<br />
amgvarad, qarTulSi mimReoba iwarmoeba moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnebidan, ugvaro dinamikuri<br />
zmnebidan da ugvaro statikuri zmnebidan. amasTan TiToeul maTgans ar axasiaTebs<br />
mimReobis warmoebis mxolod erTi garkveuli tipi. m_ar warmoeba mimReobisa,<br />
magaliTad, damaxasiaTebelia ara marto dinamikuri ugvaro zmnebisaTvis, aramed<br />
amave prefiqs-sufiqsiT awarmoebs mimReobas moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnebica da statikuri<br />
zmnebic.<br />
12 a r n . C i q o b a v a , qarTuli enis zogadi daxasiaTeba, qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni,<br />
t. I, gv. 77, $ 45, SeniSvna.<br />
13 И. Кипшидзе, Грамматика мингрелъского (иверского) языка c х рестоматиею и словарем, СПБ, 1913, gv. 131,<br />
§ 129.<br />
14 amosavali fuZe masdariseulad miviCnieT imis gamo, rom -om, -ol sufiqsebi mxolod masdarSi<br />
gvxvdeba.<br />
108
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