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q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a q a r T u l i e n a d a l i t e r a t u r a

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damaxasiaTebelia am mxriv ak. SaniZis SeniSvna am sakiTxze: `arsad ar aris areuli erTmaneTSi sxvadasxva epoqisa da sxvadasxva kilos qoneba, rogorc mimReobis formebSi~ 9 . amgvarad, warmoebis saSualebaTa mravalferovnebis axsna sxvadasxva mizeziT SeiZleba: I. SesaZlebelia qarTulSi erTi da imave Sinaarsis mqone mimReobis sxvadasxva formaTa arseboba imaze miuTiTebdes, rom saqme gvaqvs sxvadasxva dialeqtur monacemTan. Zvel qarTulSi mimReobis sxvadasxva formaTa arseboba ukve imis maCvenebelia, rom Zvel qarTulSive (samwerlo enaSi) iyo SeduRebuli sxvadasxva dialeqtis monacemebi. amitom erT-erTi ZiriTadi sakiTxi mimReobaTa warmoebisa qarTulSi aris gamijvna sxvadasxva dialeqturi monacemisa, mimReobis warmoebis tipebis ganawileba dialeqtTa mixedviT. mimReobaTa warmoebis mxriv qarTulis dialeqtebSi cotad Tu bevrad msgavsi vi- Tarebaa. arsebiTi xasiaTis sxvaoba maT Soris ar SeiniSneba. calke dgas mxolod ingilouri, romelic mimReobaTa warmoebaSi rig Taviseburebebs gamoavlens: 1. na- prefiqsiani mimReoba namyo drois saobieqto mimReobis garda awmyo drois sasubieqto mimReobis gamosaxatavad ixmareba; e. i. gvaqvs iq, sadac m- prefiqsiani mim- Reobaa mosalodneli: danagdev _ damgdebi, naqnar _ myofi, nacodn _ mcodne... 2. uaryofiTi mimReobis formebSi uaryofiTobis u- prefiqsi preverbis winac gamoCndeba: u-mo-u-fiqrvel, u-go-u-yidel... 3. myofadi drois mimReobebSi, mimReobis mawarmoebeli sa- prefiqsis TanxmovniTi nawili preverbis darTvis SemTxvevaSi ikargeba: ma-a-Wr-el, da-a-mbel, ma-a-klol... 4. myofadi drois gamosaxatavad ingilours sakuTari nakvTi ar moepoveba. saTanado Sinaarss aq gadmoscems myofadi drois sa- prefiqsiani forma mimReobisa, romelsac subieqturi piris aRsaniSnavad erTvis meSveli zmna: wa-a-yon-e var _ waviyvan, saqnevar _ vizam... sainteresoa, rom udur enaSic myofadis warmoebis igive principi gvaqvs, rac ingilourSi. mimReobaTa warmoebis ganxilvam qarTul dialeqtebSi gviCvena, rom qarTuli enis dialeqtTa Tanamedrove mdgomareoba ar iZleva imis saSualebas, rom mimReobis warmoebis tipebi dialeqtTa mixedviT ganawildes. dialeqturi formebis gamoyofis SeuZlebloba, safiqrebelia, dialeqtebze saliteraturo enis gavleniT iyos gamowveuli. es gavlena, SesaZlebelia, Zveli qarTuli saliteraturo enis epoqaSive dawyebuliyo saqarTvelos erTiani saxelmwifos Camoyalibebis Semdgom. magram erTi garemoebac aris gasaTvaliswinebeli: mimReobis warmoebaSi monawile yvela sufiqsi upirveles yovlisa martiv arsebiTsa da zedsarTav saxelebSi dasturdeba. am afiqsTa funqciaa moaxdinos gaudiferencirebeli fuZis (Ziris) rogorc saxelis fuZis konkretizacia. sufiqsTa (saxelis fuZis determinantTa) amgvari interptretaciT ixsneba imave sufiqsTa arseboba mimReobaSic. mimReobaSi es sufiqsebia, zmnur fuZes rom saxelad aqcevs 10 . saxelis fuZis yvela determinanti, romelic mimReobis mawarmoebel sufiqsebad gvevlineba, imav dros, qarTulis yvela dialeqtSi gvxvdeba. amitom dialeqts SeeZlo yvela determinanti gamoeyenebina mimReobis sawarmoeblad. arc es momentia gamosaricxavi, roca mimReobaTa warmoebaSi dialeqturi tipebis gamoyofis SeuZleblobaze vlaparakobT. II. mimReobis formaTa mravalferovneba SeiZleba imiTac iyos gamowveuli, rom saq- 9 a . S a n i Z e , qarTuli gramatikis safuZvlebi, gv. 588, $ 584. 10 a r n . C i q o b a v a , saxelis fuZis uZvelesi agebuleba qarTvelur enebSi, Tbilisi, 1942. 106

me gvqondes qarTuli enis ganviTarebis sxvadasxva periodisaTvis damaxasiaTebel warmoebasTan. Zvelsa da axal qarTuls (vgulisxmobT XII_XIX s.s. qarTuls) Soris mimReobaTa warmoebis mxriv arsebiTi xasiaTis sxvaoba ar dasturdeba. mimReobis warmoebis Camoyalibebis procesi Zvel qarTulSivea damTavrebuli da imitom. Zvel qarTulSi dadasturebuli mimReobis warmoebis yvela tipi axal qarTulSic gvxvdeba; magram zogierTi warmoebis moqmedebis are SezRudulia. es warmoebis is tipebia, romlebic Zvel qarTulSive ar iyo produqtiuli. Zvelsa da axal qarTuls Soris mimReobaTa warmoebaSi sxvaoba ZiriTadad imaSi SeiniSneba, rom axali qarTuli upiratesobas aZlevs mimReobaTa oden prefiqsian warmoebas; maSin, roca Zveli qarTulisaTvis prefiqsul-sufiqsuri warmoeba iyo damaxasaiTebeli. specialur literaturaSi oden prefiqsuli warmoebis gabatoneba axal qarTulSi sufiqsTa funqciis daCrdilviT aris axsnili 11 . mimReobis mawarmoebel sufiqsTa funqcia rom savsebiT daCrdilulia, es upirveles yovlisa iqidan Cans, rom misi uqonloba mimReobaSi mniSvnelobis cvlilebas ar iwvevs. sufiqsi mimReobis sawarmoeblad enis ganviTarebis garkveul safexurze, kerZod, enaSi gramatikuli klas-kategoriis moqmedebis periodSi, aucilebeli iyo. sufiqsis saSualebiT zmnis klasovani forma nazmnar saxelad formdeboda. pirovan uRvlilebaze gadasvlis Semdeg ki mimReoba, romelic Zveli mawarmoeblebiT (e. i. klasis niSnebiT) darCa gaformebuli, zmnis piriani formisagan gansxvavebuli iyo. amis gamo sufiqsis funqciac daiCrdila. magram gramatikuli klas-kategoriis arsebobis kvali ukve Zvel qarTulSive ar igrZnoboda. aseT SemTxvevaSi riT avxsnaT is garemoeba, rom usufiqso warmoebam Zvel qarTulSive ar moikida fexi? Zvel qarTulSi mimReobis sawarmoeblad prefiqsTan erTad sufiqsis gamoyeneba tradicias unda mieweros. sufiqsis darTvis saWiroeba im drois gadmonaSTia Zvel qarTulSi, roca misi darTva zmnis fuZisagan saxelis gasaformeblad iyo aucilebeli. mimReobaTa warmoebis mravalferovnebis mizezebis rkvevisas gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos mesame momentic: SesaZlebelia, mimReobis formaTa mravalferovneba imiTac iyos gamowveuli, rom sxvadasxva tipis zmnebi (gardamavali Tu gardauvali, statikuri da dinamikuri, moqmedebiTi Tu vnebiTi gvarisa) mimReobis sawarmoeblad sxvadasxva mawarmoebels iyenebdes. es kiTxva gadaWrili iqneba mimReobis warmoebasTan dakavSirebuli ori ZiriTadi sakiTxis ganxilvis Semdeg: riT da risgan iwarmoeba qarTulSi mimReoba; e. i. roca gaanalizebuli iqneba mimReobis sawarmoeblad gamoyenebuli zmnis fuZe da mimReobis mawarmoebeli afiqsebi. moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnas qarTulSi samive drois mimReoba aqvs: awmyo, namyo da myofadi droisa. awmyo drois mimReoba sasubieqtoa, e. i. udris Sesabamisi zmnis subieqts, xolo myofadi da namyo drois mimReobebi amosavali moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnis pirdapir obieqts gamoxatavs. moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnas ara aqvs sasubieqto mimReoba namyo da myofadi droisa da saobieqto mimReoba awmyo droisa. enaSi xSirad am formebis gamoxatvaa saWiro da sainteresoa, ra saSualebas mimarTavs amisaTvis ena? axal qarTulSi namyo da myofadi drois mimReobis Sinaarss gadmoscems awmyo drois mimReobis preverbiani forma: mkiTxveli _ `vinc kiTxulobs~, wamkiTxveli _ `vinc waikiTxavs~ an `vinc waikiTxa...~ magram preverbi ver qmnis sxvaobas myofadi da namyo drois mimReobebs Soris. magram namyo drois sasubieqto mimReobis gamosaxatavad ena sxva saSualebasac mi- 11 iqve, gv. 126, $ 47. 107

damaxasiaTebelia am mxriv ak. SaniZis SeniSvna am sakiTxze: `arsad ar aris areuli<br />

erTmaneTSi sxvadasxva epoqisa da sxvadasxva kilos qoneba, rogorc mimReobis<br />

formebSi~ 9 .<br />

amgvarad, warmoebis saSualebaTa mravalferovnebis axsna sxvadasxva mizeziT SeiZleba:<br />

I. SesaZlebelia qarTulSi erTi da imave Sinaarsis mqone mimReobis sxvadasxva<br />

formaTa arseboba imaze miuTiTebdes, rom saqme gvaqvs sxvadasxva dialeqtur monacemTan.<br />

Zvel qarTulSi mimReobis sxvadasxva formaTa arseboba ukve imis maCvenebelia,<br />

rom Zvel qarTulSive (samwerlo enaSi) iyo SeduRebuli sxvadasxva dialeqtis monacemebi.<br />

amitom erT-erTi ZiriTadi sakiTxi mimReobaTa warmoebisa qarTulSi aris gamijvna<br />

sxvadasxva dialeqturi monacemisa, mimReobis warmoebis tipebis ganawileba<br />

dialeqtTa mixedviT.<br />

mimReobaTa warmoebis mxriv qarTulis dialeqtebSi cotad Tu bevrad msgavsi vi-<br />

Tarebaa. arsebiTi xasiaTis sxvaoba maT Soris ar SeiniSneba. calke dgas mxolod ingilouri,<br />

romelic mimReobaTa warmoebaSi rig Taviseburebebs gamoavlens:<br />

1. na- prefiqsiani mimReoba namyo drois saobieqto mimReobis garda awmyo drois<br />

sasubieqto mimReobis gamosaxatavad ixmareba; e. i. gvaqvs iq, sadac m- prefiqsiani mim-<br />

Reobaa mosalodneli: danagdev _ damgdebi, naqnar _ myofi, nacodn _ mcodne...<br />

2. uaryofiTi mimReobis formebSi uaryofiTobis u- prefiqsi preverbis winac gamoCndeba:<br />

u-mo-u-fiqrvel, u-go-u-yidel...<br />

3. myofadi drois mimReobebSi, mimReobis mawarmoebeli sa- prefiqsis TanxmovniTi<br />

nawili preverbis darTvis SemTxvevaSi ikargeba: ma-a-Wr-el, da-a-mbel, ma-a-klol...<br />

4. myofadi drois gamosaxatavad ingilours sakuTari nakvTi ar moepoveba. saTanado<br />

Sinaarss aq gadmoscems myofadi drois sa- prefiqsiani forma mimReobisa, romelsac<br />

subieqturi piris aRsaniSnavad erTvis meSveli zmna: wa-a-yon-e var _ waviyvan,<br />

saqnevar _ vizam...<br />

sainteresoa, rom udur enaSic myofadis warmoebis igive principi gvaqvs, rac ingilourSi.<br />

mimReobaTa warmoebis ganxilvam qarTul dialeqtebSi gviCvena, rom qarTuli enis<br />

dialeqtTa Tanamedrove mdgomareoba ar iZleva imis saSualebas, rom mimReobis warmoebis<br />

tipebi dialeqtTa mixedviT ganawildes.<br />

dialeqturi formebis gamoyofis SeuZlebloba, safiqrebelia, dialeqtebze saliteraturo<br />

enis gavleniT iyos gamowveuli. es gavlena, SesaZlebelia, Zveli qarTuli<br />

saliteraturo enis epoqaSive dawyebuliyo saqarTvelos erTiani saxelmwifos Camoyalibebis<br />

Semdgom.<br />

magram erTi garemoebac aris gasaTvaliswinebeli: mimReobis warmoebaSi monawile<br />

yvela sufiqsi upirveles yovlisa martiv arsebiTsa da zedsarTav saxelebSi dasturdeba.<br />

am afiqsTa funqciaa moaxdinos gaudiferencirebeli fuZis (Ziris) rogorc<br />

saxelis fuZis konkretizacia. sufiqsTa (saxelis fuZis determinantTa) amgvari interptretaciT<br />

ixsneba imave sufiqsTa arseboba mimReobaSic. mimReobaSi es sufiqsebia,<br />

zmnur fuZes rom saxelad aqcevs 10 .<br />

saxelis fuZis yvela determinanti, romelic mimReobis mawarmoebel sufiqsebad<br />

gvevlineba, imav dros, qarTulis yvela dialeqtSi gvxvdeba. amitom dialeqts SeeZlo<br />

yvela determinanti gamoeyenebina mimReobis sawarmoeblad.<br />

arc es momentia gamosaricxavi, roca mimReobaTa warmoebaSi dialeqturi tipebis<br />

gamoyofis SeuZleblobaze vlaparakobT.<br />

II. mimReobis formaTa mravalferovneba SeiZleba imiTac iyos gamowveuli, rom saq-<br />

9 a . S a n i Z e , qarTuli gramatikis safuZvlebi, gv. 588, $ 584.<br />

10 a r n . C i q o b a v a , saxelis fuZis uZvelesi agebuleba qarTvelur enebSi, Tbilisi, 1942.<br />

106

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