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mimReobis warmoeba qarTulSi 1<br />
101<br />
ekaterine osiZe<br />
mimReoba zmnis fuZidan nawarmoebi saxelia, nazmnari zedsarTavi saxeli. rogorc<br />
saxels, mas yvela is morfologiuri kategoria aqvs, rac ama Tu im enaSi saxels moepoveba.<br />
amave dros mimReoba Cveulebriv zmnis romelsame (an ramdensame) gramatikul<br />
kategoriasac gamoxatavs. amiT gansxvavdeba igi zmnis fuZidan nawarmoeb arsebiT saxelTagan<br />
_ moqmed pirTa saxelebisagan.<br />
qarTulSi mimReobis warmoebis ganxilvis dros Cven ZiriTad mizans Seadgens mim-<br />
Reobis warmoebis istoriis, misi Camoyalibebisa da ganviTarebis gzebis gaTvaliswineba.<br />
mimReobaTa warmoebis istoriuli viTarebis gasaTvaliswineblad ki unda gairkves,<br />
ramdenad damaxasiaTebelia istoriulad mimReobisaTvis zmnis gramatikuli kategoriebis<br />
gamoxatva.<br />
im enebSi, sadac droisa da gvaris kategoria moepoveba mimReobas, unda gvqonoda<br />
moqmedebiTi gvaris mimReoba samive droisa da vnebiTi gvaris mimReoba awmyo, namyo<br />
da myofadi droisa. magram enaTa did umravlesobaSi aseTi sizuste warmoebisa ar<br />
aris daculi. riT aris es gamowveuli?<br />
es kiTxva qarTulSi mimReobaTa warmoebis ganxilvis drosac dgeba da axsnas<br />
Txoulobs. amgvarad, mimReobaSi droisa da gvaris gamoxatvis sakiTxia gasarkvevi da<br />
amasTan dakavSirebiT ki mimReobis fuZisa da mawarmoebel afiqsTa analizia saWiro.<br />
qarTulSi mimReoba 2 gairCeva drois, gvarisa da aspeqtis mixedviT. gvaqvs sami<br />
drois _ awmyo, namyo da myofadi drois mimReoba. moqmedebiTi da vnebiTi gvaris mim-<br />
Reobebi, sruli da usruli aspeqtis mqone mimReobis formebi.<br />
qarTulSi mimReoba iwarmoeba zmnis fuZidan; e. i. zmnis im nawilidan, romelic<br />
arcerTi gramatikuli kategoriis matarebeli ar aris da romelic saerToa zmnis<br />
yvela piris, drois, qcevisa da a. S. formebisaTvis. zmnis fuZeze garkveuli afiqsebis<br />
darTviT viRebT mimReobas.<br />
mimReobas awarmoebs: a) prefiqs-sufiqsi, b) mxolod prefiqsi, g) oden sufiqsi. aqedan<br />
sufiqsuri warmoeba namyo drois mimReobaSi gvaqvs mxolod; prefiqsul-sufiqsuri<br />
da oden prefiqsuli warmoeba samive drois mimReobaSi SeiZleba Segvxvdes.<br />
prefiqsebad mimReobaTa warmoebaSi gvxvdeba m-, sa-, na || ne. mimReobis mawarmoebel<br />
prefiqsTagan sa- prefiqsiani mimReoba myofadi droisaa, na- || ne- prefiqsiani warmoeba<br />
namyo droisa, m-iani warmoeba awmyo da namyo droisa.<br />
m- prefiqsiani mimReoba aqvs gardamaval zmnebs (m-cem-el, m-tanjv-el, m-Reb-el, m-<br />
Tesv-el...), gardauval ugvaro dinamikursa (m-wyr-al, m-STv-ar, m-kud-ar, m-wyud-ar...) da<br />
statikur zmnebsac (m-frinv-al, m-tir-al, m-dum-ar, m-rokv-el...). gardamaval zmnaTagan<br />
da statikuri zmnebidan m prefiqsiT (xmovniTurT) nawarmoebi mimReoba awmyo droisaa,<br />
gardauval ugvaro dinamikur zmnaTagan nawarmoebi mimReoba ki namyo droisa.<br />
m- prefiqsiT nawarmoebi mimReoba yovelTvis sasubieqtoa, e. i. etoleba Sesabamisi<br />
zmnis subieqts. calke dgas mxolod inversiuli statikuri zmnebi. aq m- TavsarTiani<br />
mimReoba saobieqtoa, udris Sesabamisi zmnis gramatikul obieqts (magram realur subieqts):<br />
mo-Zul-e _ `visac sZuls~, mo-yuar-e _ `visac uyvars~, mokÂrne _ `visac<br />
ukÂrs~ (da viyav raÁ ama saqmisaTÂs? mokÂrne, kimeni I, 297, 20).<br />
sa- prefiqsiani mimReoba iwarmoeba gardamaval zmnaTagan da inversiul statikur<br />
zmnTagan. erTpirian zmnas (statikursa Tu dinamikurs) sa- (agreTve na- || ne-) prefiqsi-<br />
1 Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis Sromebi, 67, Tb., 1957.<br />
2 termini `mimReoba” xelovnurad aris nawarmoebi, ar aris zusti da ar gadmoscems im<br />
Sinaarss, rasac am terminiT gamoxatuli gramatikuli kategoria aRniSnavs. upiratesoba am<br />
terminisa imaSi mdgomareobs mxolod, rom igi tradiciiT aris damkvidrebuli specialur<br />
literaturaSi.
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